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  <title>P1376R0: Summary of freestanding evening session discussions</title>
<style data-fill-with="stylesheet">/******************************************************************************
 *                   Style sheet for the W3C specifications                   *
 *
 * Special classes handled by this style sheet include:
 *
 * Indices
 *   - .toc for the Table of Contents (<ol class="toc">)
 *     + <span class="secno"> for the section numbers
 *   - #toc for the Table of Contents (<nav id="toc">)
 *   - ul.index for Indices (<a href="#ref">term</a><span>, in §N.M</span>)
 *   - table.index for Index Tables (e.g. for properties or elements)
 *
 * Structural Markup
 *   - table.data for general data tables
 *     -> use 'scope' attribute, <colgroup>, <thead>, and <tbody> for best results !
 *     -> use <table class='complex data'> for extra-complex tables
 *     -> use <td class='long'> for paragraph-length cell content
 *     -> use <td class='pre'> when manual line breaks/indentation would help readability
 *   - dl.switch for switch statements
 *   - ol.algorithm for algorithms (helps to visualize nesting)
 *   - .figure and .caption (HTML4) and figure and figcaption (HTML5)
 *     -> .sidefigure for right-floated figures
 *   - ins/del
 *
 * Code
 *   - pre and code
 *
 * Special Sections
 *   - .note       for informative notes             (div, p, span, aside, details)
 *   - .example    for informative examples          (div, p, pre, span)
 *   - .issue      for issues                        (div, p, span)
 *   - .assertion  for assertions                    (div, p, span)
 *   - .advisement for loud normative statements     (div, p, strong)
 *   - .annoying-warning for spec obsoletion notices (div, aside, details)
 *
 * Definition Boxes
 *   - pre.def   for WebIDL definitions
 *   - table.def for tables that define other entities (e.g. CSS properties)
 *   - dl.def    for definition lists that define other entitles (e.g. HTML elements)
 *
 * Numbering
 *   - .secno for section numbers in .toc and headings (<span class='secno'>3.2</span>)
 *   - .marker for source-inserted example/figure/issue numbers (<span class='marker'>Issue 4</span>)
 *   - ::before styled for CSS-generated issue/example/figure numbers:
 *     -> Documents wishing to use this only need to add
 *        figcaption::before,
 *        .caption::before { content: "Figure "  counter(figure) " ";  }
 *        .example::before { content: "Example " counter(example) " "; }
 *        .issue::before   { content: "Issue "   counter(issue) " ";   }
 *
 * Header Stuff (ignore, just don't conflict with these classes)
 *   - .head for the header
 *   - .copyright for the copyright
 *
 * Miscellaneous
 *   - .overlarge for things that should be as wide as possible, even if
 *     that overflows the body text area. This can be used on an item or
 *     on its container, depending on the effect desired.
 *     Note that this styling basically doesn't help at all when printing,
 *     since A4 paper isn't much wider than the max-width here.
 *     It's better to design things to fit into a narrower measure if possible.
 *   - js-added ToC jump links (see fixup.js)
 *
 ******************************************************************************/

/******************************************************************************/
/*                                   Body                                     */
/******************************************************************************/

	body {
		counter-reset: example figure issue;

		/* Layout */
		max-width: 50em;               /* limit line length to 50em for readability   */
		margin: 0 auto;                /* center text within page                     */
		padding: 1.6em 1.5em 2em 50px; /* assume 16px font size for downlevel clients */
		padding: 1.6em 1.5em 2em calc(26px + 1.5em); /* leave space for status flag     */

		/* Typography */
		line-height: 1.5;
		font-family: sans-serif;
		widows: 2;
		orphans: 2;
		word-wrap: break-word;
		overflow-wrap: break-word;
		hyphens: auto;

		/* Colors */
		color: black;
		background: white top left fixed no-repeat;
		background-size: 25px auto;
	}


/******************************************************************************/
/*                         Front Matter & Navigation                          */
/******************************************************************************/

/** Header ********************************************************************/

	div.head { margin-bottom: 1em }
	div.head hr { border-style: solid; }

	div.head h1 {
		font-weight: bold;
		margin: 0 0 .1em;
		font-size: 220%;
	}

	div.head h2 { margin-bottom: 1.5em;}

/** W3C Logo ******************************************************************/

	.head .logo {
		float: right;
		margin: 0.4rem 0 0.2rem .4rem;
	}

	.head img[src*="logos/W3C"] {
		display: block;
		border: solid #1a5e9a;
		border-width: .65rem .7rem .6rem;
		border-radius: .4rem;
		background: #1a5e9a;
		color: white;
		font-weight: bold;
	}

	.head a:hover > img[src*="logos/W3C"],
	.head a:focus > img[src*="logos/W3C"] {
		opacity: .8;
	}

	.head a:active > img[src*="logos/W3C"] {
		background: #c00;
		border-color: #c00;
	}

	/* see also additional rules in Link Styling section */

/** Copyright *****************************************************************/

	p.copyright,
	p.copyright small { font-size: small }

/** Back to Top / ToC Toggle **************************************************/

	@media print {
		#toc-nav {
			display: none;
		}
	}
	@media not print {
		#toc-nav {
			position: fixed;
			z-index: 2;
			bottom: 0; left: 0;
			margin: 0;
			min-width: 1.33em;
			border-top-right-radius: 2rem;
			box-shadow: 0 0 2px;
			font-size: 1.5em;
			color: black;
		}
		#toc-nav > a {
			display: block;
			white-space: nowrap;

			height: 1.33em;
			padding: .1em 0.3em;
			margin: 0;

			background: white;
			box-shadow: 0 0 2px;
			border: none;
			border-top-right-radius: 1.33em;
			background: white;
		}
		#toc-nav > #toc-jump {
			padding-bottom: 2em;
			margin-bottom: -1.9em;
		}

		#toc-nav > a:hover,
		#toc-nav > a:focus {
			background: #f8f8f8;
		}
		#toc-nav > a:not(:hover):not(:focus) {
			color: #707070;
		}

		/* statusbar gets in the way on keyboard focus; remove once browsers fix */
		#toc-nav > a[href="#toc"]:not(:hover):focus:last-child {
			padding-bottom: 1.5rem;
		}

		#toc-nav:not(:hover) > a:not(:focus) > span + span {
			/* Ideally this uses :focus-within on #toc-nav */
			display: none;
		}
		#toc-nav > a > span + span {
			padding-right: 0.2em;
		}

		#toc-toggle-inline {
			vertical-align: 0.05em;
			font-size: 80%;
			color: gray;
			color: hsla(203,20%,40%,.7);
			border-style: none;
			background: transparent;
			position: relative;
		}
		#toc-toggle-inline:hover:not(:active),
		#toc-toggle-inline:focus:not(:active) {
			text-shadow: 1px 1px silver;
			top: -1px;
			left: -1px;
		}

		#toc-nav :active {
			color: #C00;
		}
	}

/** ToC Sidebar ***************************************************************/

	/* Floating sidebar */
	@media screen {
		body.toc-sidebar #toc {
			position: fixed;
			top: 0; bottom: 0;
			left: 0;
			width: 23.5em;
			max-width: 80%;
			max-width: calc(100% - 2em - 26px);
			overflow: auto;
			padding: 0 1em;
			padding-left: 42px;
			padding-left: calc(1em + 26px);
			background: inherit;
			background-color: #f7f8f9;
			z-index: 1;
			box-shadow: -.1em 0 .25em rgba(0,0,0,.1) inset;
		}
		body.toc-sidebar #toc h2 {
			margin-top: .8rem;
			font-variant: small-caps;
			font-variant: all-small-caps;
			text-transform: lowercase;
			font-weight: bold;
			color: gray;
			color: hsla(203,20%,40%,.7);
		}
		body.toc-sidebar #toc-jump:not(:focus) {
			width: 0;
			height: 0;
			padding: 0;
			position: absolute;
			overflow: hidden;
		}
	}
	/* Hide main scroller when only the ToC is visible anyway */
	@media screen and (max-width: 28em) {
		body.toc-sidebar {
			overflow: hidden;
		}
	}

	/* Sidebar with its own space */
	@media screen and (min-width: 78em) {
		body:not(.toc-inline) #toc {
			position: fixed;
			top: 0; bottom: 0;
			left: 0;
			width: 23.5em;
			overflow: auto;
			padding: 0 1em;
			padding-left: 42px;
			padding-left: calc(1em + 26px);
			background: inherit;
			background-color: #f7f8f9;
			z-index: 1;
			box-shadow: -.1em 0 .25em rgba(0,0,0,.1) inset;
		}
		body:not(.toc-inline) #toc h2 {
			margin-top: .8rem;
			font-variant: small-caps;
			font-variant: all-small-caps;
			text-transform: lowercase;
			font-weight: bold;
			color: gray;
			color: hsla(203,20%,40%,.7);
		}

		body:not(.toc-inline) {
			padding-left: 29em;
		}
		/* See also Overflow section at the bottom */

		body:not(.toc-inline) #toc-jump:not(:focus) {
			width: 0;
			height: 0;
			padding: 0;
			position: absolute;
			overflow: hidden;
		}
	}
	@media screen and (min-width: 90em) {
		body:not(.toc-inline) {
			margin: 0 4em;
		}
	}

/******************************************************************************/
/*                                Sectioning                                  */
/******************************************************************************/

/** Headings ******************************************************************/

	h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, dt {
		page-break-after: avoid;
		page-break-inside: avoid;
		font: 100% sans-serif;   /* Reset all font styling to clear out UA styles */
		font-family: inherit;    /* Inherit the font family. */
		line-height: 1.2;        /* Keep wrapped headings compact */
		hyphens: manual;         /* Hyphenated headings look weird */
	}

	h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
		margin-top: 3rem;
	}

	h1, h2, h3 {
		color: #005A9C;
		background: transparent;
	}

	h1 { font-size: 170%; }
	h2 { font-size: 140%; }
	h3 { font-size: 120%; }
	h4 { font-weight: bold; }
	h5 { font-style: italic; }
	h6 { font-variant: small-caps; }
	dt { font-weight: bold; }

/** Subheadings ***************************************************************/

	h1 + h2,
	#subtitle {
		/* #subtitle is a subtitle in an H2 under the H1 */
		margin-top: 0;
	}
	h2 + h3,
	h3 + h4,
	h4 + h5,
	h5 + h6 {
		margin-top: 1.2em; /* = 1 x line-height */
	}

/** Section divider ***********************************************************/

	:not(.head) > hr {
		font-size: 1.5em;
		text-align: center;
		margin: 1em auto;
		height: auto;
		border: transparent solid 0;
		background: transparent;
	}
	:not(.head) > hr::before {
		content: "\2727\2003\2003\2727\2003\2003\2727";
	}

/******************************************************************************/
/*                            Paragraphs and Lists                            */
/******************************************************************************/

	p {
		margin: 1em 0;
	}

	dd > p:first-child,
	li > p:first-child {
		margin-top: 0;
	}

	ul, ol {
		margin-left: 0;
		padding-left: 2em;
	}

	li {
		margin: 0.25em 0 0.5em;
		padding: 0;
	}

	dl dd {
		margin: 0 0 .5em 2em;
	}

	.head dd + dd { /* compact for header */
		margin-top: -.5em;
	}

	/* Style for algorithms */
	ol.algorithm ol:not(.algorithm),
	.algorithm > ol ol:not(.algorithm) {
	 border-left: 0.5em solid #DEF;
	}

	/* Put nice boxes around each algorithm. */
	[data-algorithm]:not(.heading) {
	  padding: .5em;
	  border: thin solid #ddd; border-radius: .5em;
	  margin: .5em calc(-0.5em - 1px);
	}
	[data-algorithm]:not(.heading) > :first-child {
	  margin-top: 0;
	}
	[data-algorithm]:not(.heading) > :last-child {
	  margin-bottom: 0;
	}

	/* Style for switch/case <dl>s */
	dl.switch > dd > ol.only,
	dl.switch > dd > .only > ol {
	 margin-left: 0;
	}
	dl.switch > dd > ol.algorithm,
	dl.switch > dd > .algorithm > ol {
	 margin-left: -2em;
	}
	dl.switch {
	 padding-left: 2em;
	}
	dl.switch > dt {
	 text-indent: -1.5em;
	 margin-top: 1em;
	}
	dl.switch > dt + dt {
	 margin-top: 0;
	}
	dl.switch > dt::before {
	 content: '\21AA';
	 padding: 0 0.5em 0 0;
	 display: inline-block;
	 width: 1em;
	 text-align: right;
	 line-height: 0.5em;
	}

/** Terminology Markup ********************************************************/


/******************************************************************************/
/*                                 Inline Markup                              */
/******************************************************************************/

/** Terminology Markup ********************************************************/
	dfn   { /* Defining instance */
		font-weight: bolder;
	}
	a > i { /* Instance of term */
		font-style: normal;
	}
	dt dfn code, code.idl {
		font-size: medium;
	}
	dfn var {
		font-style: normal;
	}

/** Change Marking ************************************************************/

	del { color: red;  text-decoration: line-through; }
	ins { color: #080; text-decoration: underline;    }

/** Miscellaneous improvements to inline formatting ***************************/

	sup {
		vertical-align: super;
		font-size: 80%
	}

/******************************************************************************/
/*                                    Code                                    */
/******************************************************************************/

/** General monospace/pre rules ***********************************************/

	pre, code, samp {
		font-family: Menlo, Consolas, "DejaVu Sans Mono", Monaco, monospace;
		font-size: .9em;
		page-break-inside: avoid;
		hyphens: none;
		text-transform: none;
	}
	pre code,
	code code {
		font-size: 100%;
	}

	pre {
		margin-top: 1em;
		margin-bottom: 1em;
		overflow: auto;
	}

/** Inline Code fragments *****************************************************/

  /* Do something nice. */

/******************************************************************************/
/*                                    Links                                   */
/******************************************************************************/

/** General Hyperlinks ********************************************************/

	/* We hyperlink a lot, so make it less intrusive */
	a[href] {
		color: #034575;
		text-decoration: none;
		border-bottom: 1px solid #707070;
		/* Need a bit of extending for it to look okay */
		padding: 0 1px 0;
		margin: 0 -1px 0;
	}
	a:visited {
		border-bottom-color: #BBB;
	}

	/* Use distinguishing colors when user is interacting with the link */
	a[href]:focus,
	a[href]:hover {
		background: #f8f8f8;
		background: rgba(75%, 75%, 75%, .25);
		border-bottom-width: 3px;
		margin-bottom: -2px;
	}
	a[href]:active {
		color: #C00;
		border-color: #C00;
	}

	/* Backout above styling for W3C logo */
	.head .logo,
	.head .logo a {
		border: none;
		text-decoration: none;
		background: transparent;
	}

/******************************************************************************/
/*                                    Images                                  */
/******************************************************************************/

	img {
		border-style: none;
	}

	/* For autogen numbers, add
	   .caption::before, figcaption::before { content: "Figure " counter(figure) ". "; }
	*/

	figure, .figure, .sidefigure {
		page-break-inside: avoid;
		text-align: center;
		margin: 2.5em 0;
	}
	.figure img,    .sidefigure img,    figure img,
	.figure object, .sidefigure object, figure object {
		max-width: 100%;
		margin: auto;
	}
	.figure pre, .sidefigure pre, figure pre {
		text-align: left;
		display: table;
		margin: 1em auto;
	}
	.figure table, figure table {
		margin: auto;
	}
	@media screen and (min-width: 20em) {
		.sidefigure {
			float: right;
			width: 50%;
			margin: 0 0 0.5em 0.5em
		}
	}
	.caption, figcaption, caption {
		font-style: italic;
		font-size: 90%;
	}
	.caption::before, figcaption::before, figcaption > .marker {
		font-weight: bold;
	}
	.caption, figcaption {
		counter-increment: figure;
	}

	/* DL list is indented 2em, but figure inside it is not */
	dd > .figure, dd > figure { margin-left: -2em }

/******************************************************************************/
/*                             Colored Boxes                                  */
/******************************************************************************/

	.issue, .note, .example, .assertion, .advisement, blockquote {
		padding: .5em;
		border: .5em;
		border-left-style: solid;
		page-break-inside: avoid;
	}
	span.issue, span.note {
		padding: .1em .5em .15em;
		border-right-style: solid;
	}

	.issue,
	.note,
	.example,
	.advisement,
	.assertion,
	blockquote {
		margin: 1em auto;
	}
	.note  > p:first-child,
	.issue > p:first-child,
	blockquote > :first-child {
		margin-top: 0;
	}
	blockquote > :last-child {
		margin-bottom: 0;
	}

/** Blockquotes ***************************************************************/

	blockquote {
		border-color: silver;
	}

/** Open issue ****************************************************************/

	.issue {
		border-color: #E05252;
		background: #FBE9E9;
		counter-increment: issue;
		overflow: auto;
	}
	.issue::before, .issue > .marker {
		text-transform: uppercase;
		color: #AE1E1E;
		padding-right: 1em;
		text-transform: uppercase;
	}
	/* Add .issue::before { content: "Issue " counter(issue) " "; } for autogen numbers,
	   or use class="marker" to mark up the issue number in source. */

/** Example *******************************************************************/

	.example {
		border-color: #E0CB52;
		background: #FCFAEE;
		counter-increment: example;
		overflow: auto;
		clear: both;
	}
	.example::before, .example > .marker {
		text-transform: uppercase;
		color: #827017;
		min-width: 7.5em;
		display: block;
	}
	/* Add .example::before { content: "Example " counter(example) " "; } for autogen numbers,
	   or use class="marker" to mark up the example number in source. */

/** Non-normative Note ********************************************************/

	.note {
		border-color: #52E052;
		background: #E9FBE9;
		overflow: auto;
	}

	.note::before, .note > .marker,
	details.note > summary::before,
	details.note > summary > .marker {
		text-transform: uppercase;
		display: block;
		color: hsl(120, 70%, 30%);
	}
	/* Add .note::before { content: "Note"; } for autogen label,
	   or use class="marker" to mark up the label in source. */

	details.note > summary {
		display: block;
		color: hsl(120, 70%, 30%);
	}
	details.note[open] > summary {
		border-bottom: 1px silver solid;
	}

/** Assertion Box *************************************************************/
	/*  for assertions in algorithms */

	.assertion {
		border-color: #AAA;
		background: #EEE;
	}

/** Advisement Box ************************************************************/
	/*  for attention-grabbing normative statements */

	.advisement {
		border-color: orange;
		border-style: none solid;
		background: #FFEECC;
	}
	strong.advisement {
		display: block;
		text-align: center;
	}
	.advisement > .marker {
		color: #B35F00;
	}

/** Spec Obsoletion Notice ****************************************************/
	/* obnoxious obsoletion notice for older/abandoned specs. */

	details {
		display: block;
	}
	summary {
		font-weight: bolder;
	}

	.annoying-warning:not(details),
	details.annoying-warning:not([open]) > summary,
	details.annoying-warning[open] {
		background: #fdd;
		color: red;
		font-weight: bold;
		padding: .75em 1em;
		border: thick red;
		border-style: solid;
		border-radius: 1em;
	}
	.annoying-warning :last-child {
		margin-bottom: 0;
	}

@media not print {
	details.annoying-warning[open] {
		position: fixed;
		left: 1em;
		right: 1em;
		bottom: 1em;
		z-index: 1000;
	}
}

	details.annoying-warning:not([open]) > summary {
		text-align: center;
	}

/** Entity Definition Boxes ***************************************************/

	.def {
		padding: .5em 1em;
		background: #DEF;
		margin: 1.2em 0;
		border-left: 0.5em solid #8CCBF2;
	}

/******************************************************************************/
/*                                    Tables                                  */
/******************************************************************************/

	th, td {
		text-align: left;
		text-align: start;
	}

/** Property/Descriptor Definition Tables *************************************/

	table.def {
		/* inherits .def box styling, see above */
		width: 100%;
		border-spacing: 0;
	}

	table.def td,
	table.def th {
		padding: 0.5em;
		vertical-align: baseline;
		border-bottom: 1px solid #bbd7e9;
	}

	table.def > tbody > tr:last-child th,
	table.def > tbody > tr:last-child td {
		border-bottom: 0;
	}

	table.def th {
		font-style: italic;
		font-weight: normal;
		padding-left: 1em;
		width: 3em;
	}

	/* For when values are extra-complex and need formatting for readability */
	table td.pre {
		white-space: pre-wrap;
	}

	/* A footnote at the bottom of a def table */
	table.def           td.footnote {
		padding-top: 0.6em;
	}
	table.def           td.footnote::before {
		content: " ";
		display: block;
		height: 0.6em;
		width: 4em;
		border-top: thin solid;
	}

/** Data tables (and properly marked-up index tables) *************************/
	/*
		 <table class="data"> highlights structural relationships in a table
		 when correct markup is used (e.g. thead/tbody, th vs. td, scope attribute)

		 Use class="complex data" for particularly complicated tables --
		 (This will draw more lines: busier, but clearer.)

		 Use class="long" on table cells with paragraph-like contents
		 (This will adjust text alignment accordingly.)
		 Alternately use class="longlastcol" on tables, to have the last column assume "long".
	*/

	table {
		word-wrap: normal;
		overflow-wrap: normal;
		hyphens: manual;
	}

	table.data,
	table.index {
		margin: 1em auto;
		border-collapse: collapse;
		border: hidden;
		width: 100%;
	}
	table.data caption,
	table.index caption {
		max-width: 50em;
		margin: 0 auto 1em;
	}

	table.data td,  table.data th,
	table.index td, table.index th {
		padding: 0.5em 1em;
		border-width: 1px;
		border-color: silver;
		border-top-style: solid;
	}

	table.data thead td:empty {
		padding: 0;
		border: 0;
	}

	table.data  thead,
	table.index thead,
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 </head><body class="h-entry toc-sidebar"><p id="toc-nav"><a id="toc-jump" href="#toc"><span aria-hidden="true">↑</span> <span>Jump to Table of Contents</span></a><a id="toc-toggle" href="#toc"><span aria-hidden="true">←</span> <span>Collapse Sidebar</span></a></p>
  <div class="head">
   <p data-fill-with="logo"></p>
   <h1 class="p-name no-ref" id="title">P1376R0<br>Summary of freestanding evening session discussions</h1>
   <h2 class="no-num no-toc no-ref heading settled" id="subtitle"><span class="content">Published Proposal, <time class="dt-updated" datetime="2018-11-24">2018-11-24</time></span></h2>
   <div data-fill-with="spec-metadata">
    <dl>
     <dt>This version:
     </dt><dd><a class="u-url" href="http://wg21.link/P1376R0">http://wg21.link/P1376R0</a>
     </dd><dt>Author:
     </dt><dd>
      </dd><dd class="editor p-author h-card vcard"><a class="p-name fn u-email email" href="mailto:ben.craig@gmail.com">Ben Craig</a> (<span class="p-org org">National Instruments</span>)
     </dd><dt>Audience:
     </dt><dd>WG21
     </dd><dt>Project:
     </dt><dd>ISO/IEC JTC1/SC22/WG21 14882: Programming Language — C++
     </dd><dt>Source:
     </dt><dd><a href="https://github.com/ben-craig/freestanding_proposal/blob/master/san_diego_evening.bs">github.com/ben-craig/freestanding_proposal/blob/master/san_diego_evening.bs</a>
    </dd></dl>
   </div>
   <div data-fill-with="warning"></div>
   <hr title="Separator for header">
  </div>
  <div class="p-summary" data-fill-with="abstract">
   <h2 class="no-num no-toc no-ref heading settled" id="abstract"><span class="content">Abstract</span></h2>
   <p>Summary of discussion in San Diego 2018 evening session discussing freestanding direction</p>
  </div>
  <nav data-fill-with="table-of-contents" id="toc">
   <h2 class="no-num no-toc no-ref" id="contents">Table of Contents</h2>
   <ol class="toc" role="directory">
    <li><a href="#definition"><span class="secno">1</span> <span class="content">Freestanding is...</span></a>
    </li><li><a href="#statements"><span class="secno">2</span> <span class="content">Assorted statements from the evening</span></a>
    </li><li><a href="#modules"><span class="secno">3</span> <span class="content">Discussions with regards to modules</span></a>
    </li><li><a href="#toolchains"><span class="secno">4</span> <span class="content">Toolchains</span></a>
    </li><li>
     <a href="#polls"><span class="secno">5</span> <span class="content">Related Polls</span></a>
     <ol class="toc">
      <li><a href="#sg1_nov_2018"><span class="secno">5.1</span> <span class="content">SG1 polls for <span>[P1105R1]</span> (Nov 7, 2018)</span></a>
      </li><li><a href="#ewg_nov_2018"><span class="secno">5.2</span> <span class="content">EWG polls for <span>[P1212R0]</span> (Nov 6, 2018)</span></a>
      </li><li><a href="#sg14_cppcon_sep_2018"><span class="secno">5.3</span> <span class="content">SG14 cppcon meeting polls for D1105R1.3 (Sep 26, 2018)</span></a>
      </li><li><a href="#sg14_july_2018"><span class="secno">5.4</span> <span class="content">SG14 telecon polls for <span>[P1105R0]</span> (July 11, 2018)</span></a>
      </li><li><a href="#lewg_poll_abq"><span class="secno">5.5</span> <span class="content">LEWG poll for <span>[P0829R0]</span> (Nov 8, 2017)</span></a>
      </li><li><a href="#lewg_poll_jax"><span class="secno">5.6</span> <span class="content">LEWG poll for <span>[P0581R1]</span> (Mar 13, 2018)</span></a>
     </li></ol>
    </li><li>
     <a href="#references"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">References</span></a>
     <ol class="toc">
      <li><a href="#informative"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">Informative References</span></a>
     </li></ol>
   </li></ol>
  </nav>
  <main>
   <h2 class="heading settled" data-level="1" id="definition"><span class="secno">1. </span><span class="content">Freestanding is...</span><a class="self-link" href="#definition"></a></h2>
    Throughout the evening session, many potential qualities of freestanding were pitched.  Many of these potential qualities are mutually exclusive, and lead to drastically different designs. 
   <ul>
    <li data-md="">
     <p>Freestanding C++ is the C++ that allows you to swap the std:: library.</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>Freestanding C++ is the C++ you can have w/o an OS.</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>Freestanding C++ is the C++ you can have inside an OS.</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>Freestanding C++ is the C++ you get with always-LTO (optimizes out what you don’t use).</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>Freestanding C++ is the C++ is statically linked (and therefore has no ABI restrictions).</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>Freestanding C++ is the C++ used in many (different) real-world applications that C++ ignores.</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>Freestanding C++ is the C++ without overheads your platform can’t support.</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>Freestanding C++ really has you not-pay for what you not-use.</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>Freestanding C++ is the C++ I use in my program (different from /other/ program).</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>Freestanding C++ is the C++ that runs on accelerators / alternate hardware.</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>Freestanding C++ is the C++ root dialect in the family of C++ dialects.</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>Freestanding C++ is the minimum bar to reach before you are C++.</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>Freestanding C++ is the C++ I can teach my C friends.</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>Freestanding is the C++ that I can use in C-files.</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>A freestanding implementation is one in which execution may take place without the benefit of the operating system.</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>Freestanding C++ is the (nearly) minimal subset of the library needed to support all the language features.</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>Freestanding C++ is the C++ that can run on any environment (e.g. any chip, any OS, any browser, any GPU, etc).</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>Freestanding C++ is the C++ that can run on any environment from the last X years.</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>Freestanding C++ is the C++ that can run on any environment that is "reasonable“.</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>Freestanding C++ is the signal / interrupt safe subset of C++.</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>Freestanding C++ is the C++ for systems with 8 bytes of RAM. 8 KB of RAM. 8 MB of RAM.</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>Freestanding C++ is the C++ for systems that support at least operation X.</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>The freestanding library should be implementable with the freestanding language + assembly + intrinsics.</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>The OS should be implementable with freestanding C++ + assembly + intrinsics.</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>Hosted C++ should be implementable with the OS + freestanding C++ + assembly + intrinsics.</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>There is no freestanding C++ with exceptions.</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>Freestanding is a consensual delusion.</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>Freestanding should require no special dispensation from the operating environment.</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>Freestanding is the subset of C++ that leaves no room for a lower level language.</p>
   </li></ul>
   <h2 class="heading settled" data-level="2" id="statements"><span class="secno">2. </span><span class="content">Assorted statements from the evening</span><a class="self-link" href="#statements"></a></h2>
   <ul>
    <li data-md="">
     <p>Current freestanding C++ does not meet anyone’s needs</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>Design intent behind Freestanding is that your standard library could be swapped in</p>
     <ul>
      <li data-md="">
       <p>Counterpoint: That is not true</p>
      </li><li data-md="">
       <p>Where is this design philosophy written?</p>
     </li></ul>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>Say "subset" and you’ll never get changes.  What you want is to write programs that don’t have implementation-imposed overhead or things that your platform does not support.  What you want is for the implementation to only put things into the program that are needed to run the program.  Goal should be for locally supported subsets to work.  Compilers are getting smarter and can spot this stuff.</p>
     <ul>
      <li data-md="">
       <p>Agreement with previous statement, particularly with LTO.  LTO can figure out what can be omitted.</p>
     </li></ul>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>We will get nothing so long as we insist on calling what we want freestanding.</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>Unofficial subset that should be brought back into C++.</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>We should stop making special rules and bring freestanding into the language.</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>Freestanding users disagree about what they want.</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>Committee needs to admit that -fnoexceptions exists.</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>A module attribute to give a compile error when exceptions are used would be helpful.</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>We are all using freestanding if -fnoexceptions is in place.</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>Freestanding does not currently include memcpy, std::move, or algorithms.</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>Initialization of program statics is not defined in terms of main.</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>Freestanding implementations would need to produce a lot more documentation.</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>Users choose not to use conforming toolchains.</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>None of the major OS kernels enable conforming C++98 environments for their drivers (freestanding or otherwise)</p>
     <ul>
      <li data-md="">
       <p>My platform does</p>
      </li><li data-md="">
       <p>What about uncaught_exception() ?</p>
     </li></ul>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>I don’t know if my environment is freestanding, nor can I find out.</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>Do we need a choose-your-own-set menu of features for freestanding C++?</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>C++ freestanding needs RTTI, exceptions etc.  C has no complex numbers in freestanding.</p>
     <ul>
      <li data-md="">
       <p>C11 does require _Thread_local</p>
     </li></ul>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>Requiring LTO is not a solution.  Non-conforming C++ is a lower level language</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>What are the target applications? Merely resource-constrained? Partial OS support?</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>Do we aim for the lowest common denominator?  Probably not.</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>What should we consider to be "reasonable" hardware?</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>Do we want a freestanding library to work in a hosted environment?</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>Should OS changes with the same ABI and no calls into OS function be portable without rebuilding?</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>Should ubiquitous vendor extensions be standardized?</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>Someone should be able to write a kernel driver in freestanding C++</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>There are Linux kernel files that deliberately define variables named after C++ keywords</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>This could be a fork of the language - do not constrain your ambition.</p>
     <ul>
      <li data-md="">
       <p>Splitting C++ from C was a bad idea.  Spinning freestanding off as another language would be an even worse idea</p>
     </li></ul>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>I have no idea who freestanding users are.</p>
     <ul>
      <li data-md="">
       <p>I hear from my freestanding users.</p>
     </li></ul>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>Embedded developers are afraid of C++ (education issues)</p>
   </li></ul>
   <h2 class="heading settled" data-level="3" id="modules"><span class="secno">3. </span><span class="content">Discussions with regards to modules</span><a class="self-link" href="#modules"></a></h2>
   <ul>
    <li data-md="">
     <p>Moduels are probably happening for C++20.  Proposal for library modules reorganizes standard library.  Needs attention.</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>Implementers have looked at the paper and had input.</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>Modules will be useful even if the standard library is not modularized.</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>Implementers will have a chance to interact with users (including freestanding users)</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>Don’t want a reorganization to be linked to freestanding or to C++20.</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>Some implementers may have tried doing the reorganization, but not all implementers have tried it.</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>When metaclasses first came to C++, there was concern that it would fracture the language and introduce dialects.  People do not like the appearance of variants of C++.</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>If you put in -fnoexceptions, it’s not a dialect as the code can’t build if it throws.</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>Some classes throw in constructors.</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>There are already libraries designed for cases with and without exceptions.</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>What would the tolerable cost of exceptions be?</p>
     <ul>
      <li data-md="">
       <p>Any size or runtime cost is intolerable.</p>
      </li><li data-md="">
       <p>Cost proportional to existing program size is no good.</p>
      </li><li data-md="">
       <p>Cost proportional to use of exceptions might be tolerable.</p>
     </li></ul>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>Let’s not focus on exceptions.  We can continue the lie.  -fnoexceptions solves this problem already.</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>Introducing exceptions removes status code checks.  What’s the size difference between code with exceptions and code with status code checks?</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>My company periodically builds with -fnoexceptions.  Handling of exception specifications on virtual functions differs between compilers.</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>C++ is bad at code size</p>
     <ul>
      <li data-md="">
       <p>Not true.  Compare to C it is good.  C++ code vs. C--code has smaller footprint and runs faster.</p>
      </li><li data-md="">
       <p>Maybe you are just better programmers?</p>
     </li></ul>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>C++ committee works with constexpr which has no exception support.</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>There are language features in C++ (like templates) that lead to better optimizations than C with macros.</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>Reorganizing the standard library will lead to reorganizing freestanding.</p>
   </li></ul>
   <h2 class="heading settled" data-level="4" id="toolchains"><span class="secno">4. </span><span class="content">Toolchains</span><a class="self-link" href="#toolchains"></a></h2>
   <ul>
    <li data-md="">
     <p>Editor debugger, code generateor come from compiler vendor.</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>Linker map comes from chip vendor.  Linker map won’t work with C++ out of the box.</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>Start code is provided by chip vendor.</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>Toolchain as a whole is partially from chip vendor, partially from compiler vendor.</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>Chip manufacturers don’t want to support C++.</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>A better freestanding implementation is not sufficient.  We use flags and LTO.</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>Tool vendors and chip vendors are openly hostile to C++.</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>There is a future version of C++ where users and chip vendors are working together.</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>With flags and LTO, is what you have usable?</p>
     <ul>
      <li data-md="">
       <p>Yes.  With C+14 it’s awesome.  It could be better.</p>
     </li></ul>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>The linker map startup code cannot be fixed by the committee.</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>Is there anything we’ve said that you think would mean that toolchain vendors would refuse to support C++?</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>I don’t think it’s their problem.  We need to deal with people turning off exceptions and sto ignoring it.</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>We’d need to do design work to be able to build without RTTI and exceptions.  We’d also want to exclude locale... the list is big.</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>Inclusion of headers by other headers can cause builds to fail.</p>
    </li><li data-md="">
     <p>If we rejuvenate C++ freestanding as important, library implementers can tidy up their libraries.</p>
   </li></ul>
   <h2 class="heading settled" data-level="5" id="polls"><span class="secno">5. </span><span class="content">Related Polls</span><a class="self-link" href="#polls"></a></h2>
   <h3 class="heading settled" data-level="5.1" id="sg1_nov_2018"><span class="secno">5.1. </span><span class="content">SG1 polls for <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-p1105r1">[P1105R1]</a> (Nov 7, 2018)</span><a class="self-link" href="#sg1_nov_2018"></a></h3>
    Request the wider WG21 group to form an overarching direction for freestanding<br> SF/F/N/A/SA<br> 18/3/1/0/0 
   <p>Conforming freestanding implementations could make thread_local ill-formed<br> SF/F/N/A/SA<br> 3/12/5/0/0</p>
   <p>Conforming freestanding implementations could omit lock-free atomics<br> SF/F/N/A/SA<br> 2/6/4/6/2</p>
   <p>Conforming freestanding implementations could omit thread-safe statics<br> SF/F/N/A/SA<br> 0/6/8/4/2</p>
   <h3 class="heading settled" data-level="5.2" id="ewg_nov_2018"><span class="secno">5.2. </span><span class="content">EWG polls for <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-p1212r0">[P1212R0]</a> (Nov 6, 2018)</span><a class="self-link" href="#ewg_nov_2018"></a></h3>
    Subset the language support in the standard library modules paper so that the parts requiring an OS are not freestanding<br> SF/F/N/A/SA<br> 3/2/5/11/3 
   <p>Expand the library, but maintain all language support facilities in standard library modules<br> SF/F/N/A/SA<br> 3/10/5/0/1</p>
   <h3 class="heading settled" data-level="5.3" id="sg14_cppcon_sep_2018"><span class="secno">5.3. </span><span class="content">SG14 cppcon meeting polls for D1105R1.3 (Sep 26, 2018)</span><a class="self-link" href="#sg14_cppcon_sep_2018"></a></h3>
    <a href="http://wiki.edg.com/bin/view/Wg21sandiego2018/CPPCON2018SG14Meeting2018-09-26">Minutes</a><br> Poll: I want to know if we’re on board with a way to disable dynamic, type-based exceptions (this proposal is neutral with respect to static exceptions)<br> (no opposition in this room) 
   <h3 class="heading settled" data-level="5.4" id="sg14_july_2018"><span class="secno">5.4. </span><span class="content">SG14 telecon polls for <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-p1105r0">[P1105R0]</a> (July 11, 2018)</span><a class="self-link" href="#sg14_july_2018"></a></h3>
    <a href="https://groups.google.com/a/isocpp.org/forum/#!topic/sg14/8Ye0goaSosU">Minutes</a><br> 
   <p>Poll 1: get rid of freestanding<br> SF/F/N/A/SA<br> 0/1/2/9/11</p>
   <p>Poll 2: modify freestanding along the lines of <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-p1105r0">[P1105R0]</a>, encouragement for further work, agree with most of it<br> SF/F/N/A/SA<br> 5/13/4/0/0</p>
   <h3 class="heading settled" data-level="5.5" id="lewg_poll_abq"><span class="secno">5.5. </span><span class="content">LEWG poll for <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-p0829r0">[P0829R0]</a> (Nov 8, 2017)</span><a class="self-link" href="#lewg_poll_abq"></a></h3>
    <a href="http://wiki.edg.com/bin/view/Wg21albuquerque/P0829">Minutes</a><br> Change the definition of freestanding along these lines<br> SF/F/N/A/SA<br> 1/7/7/1/0 
   <p>Add a classification for embedded-friendly interfaces<br> SF/F/N/A/SA<br> 1/5/9/1/0</p>
   <p>We support proposed removal of typeinfo and exception headers from freestanding<br> SF/F/N/A/SA<br> 1/6/6/1/2</p>
   <p>We are ok with marking freestanding support on the per-API level, not per-header<br> SF/F/N/A/SA<br> 0/15/0/3/0</p>
   <p>We are ok with marking freestanding support on a method level, not per-class.<br> SF/F/N/A/SA<br> 0/9/3/5/1</p>
   <h3 class="heading settled" data-level="5.6" id="lewg_poll_jax"><span class="secno">5.6. </span><span class="content">LEWG poll for <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-p0581r1">[P0581R1]</a> (Mar 13, 2018)</span><a class="self-link" href="#lewg_poll_jax"></a></h3>
    <a href="http://wiki.edg.com/bin/view/Wg21jacksonville2018/P0581">Minutes</a><br> 
   <p>We want to see more work on defining module(s) specifically targeting basic/freestanding.<br> UNANIMOUS CONSENT</p>
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  <h2 class="no-num no-ref heading settled" id="references"><span class="content">References</span><a class="self-link" href="#references"></a></h2>
  <h3 class="no-num no-ref heading settled" id="informative"><span class="content">Informative References</span><a class="self-link" href="#informative"></a></h3>
  <dl>
   <dt id="biblio-p0581r1">[P0581R1]
   </dt><dd>Marshall Clow; et al. <a href="http://wg21.link/P0581R1">Standard Library Modules</a>. URL: <a href="http://wg21.link/P0581R1">http://wg21.link/P0581R1</a>
   </dd><dt id="biblio-p0829r0">[P0829R0]
   </dt><dd>Ben Craig. <a href="http://wg21.link/P0829R0">Freestanding Proposal</a>. URL: <a href="http://wg21.link/P0829R0">http://wg21.link/P0829R0</a>
   </dd><dt id="biblio-p1105r0">[P1105R0]
   </dt><dd>Ben Craig; Ben Saks. <a href="http://wg21.link/P1105R0">Leaving no room for a lower-level language: A C++ Subset</a>. URL: <a href="http://wg21.link/P1105R0">http://wg21.link/P1105R0</a>
   </dd><dt id="biblio-p1105r1">[P1105R1]
   </dt><dd>Ben Craig; Ben Saks. <a href="http://wg21.link/P1105R1">Leaving no room for a lower-level language: A C++ Subset</a>. URL: <a href="http://wg21.link/P1105R1">http://wg21.link/P1105R1</a>
   </dd><dt id="biblio-p1212r0">[P1212R0]
   </dt><dd>Ben Craig. <a href="https://wg21.link/p1212r0">Modules and Freestanding</a>. 6 October 2018. URL: <a href="https://wg21.link/p1212r0">https://wg21.link/p1212r0</a>
  </dd></dl></body></html>