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  <title>P2093R3: Formatted output</title>
<style data-fill-with="stylesheet">/******************************************************************************
 *                   Style sheet for the W3C specifications                   *
 *
 * Special classes handled by this style sheet include:
 *
 * Indices
 *   - .toc for the Table of Contents (<ol class="toc">)
 *     + <span class="secno"> for the section numbers
 *   - #toc for the Table of Contents (<nav id="toc">)
 *   - ul.index for Indices (<a href="#ref">term</a><span>, in §N.M</span>)
 *   - table.index for Index Tables (e.g. for properties or elements)
 *
 * Structural Markup
 *   - table.data for general data tables
 *     -> use 'scope' attribute, <colgroup>, <thead>, and <tbody> for best results !
 *     -> use <table class='complex data'> for extra-complex tables
 *     -> use <td class='long'> for paragraph-length cell content
 *     -> use <td class='pre'> when manual line breaks/indentation would help readability
 *   - dl.switch for switch statements
 *   - ol.algorithm for algorithms (helps to visualize nesting)
 *   - .figure and .caption (HTML4) and figure and figcaption (HTML5)
 *     -> .sidefigure for right-floated figures
 *   - ins/del
 *
 * Code
 *   - pre and code
 *
 * Special Sections
 *   - .note       for informative notes             (div, p, span, aside, details)
 *   - .example    for informative examples          (div, p, pre, span)
 *   - .issue      for issues                        (div, p, span)
 *   - .assertion  for assertions                    (div, p, span)
 *   - .advisement for loud normative statements     (div, p, strong)
 *   - .annoying-warning for spec obsoletion notices (div, aside, details)
 *
 * Definition Boxes
 *   - pre.def   for WebIDL definitions
 *   - table.def for tables that define other entities (e.g. CSS properties)
 *   - dl.def    for definition lists that define other entitles (e.g. HTML elements)
 *
 * Numbering
 *   - .secno for section numbers in .toc and headings (<span class='secno'>3.2</span>)
 *   - .marker for source-inserted example/figure/issue numbers (<span class='marker'>Issue 4</span>)
 *   - ::before styled for CSS-generated issue/example/figure numbers:
 *     -> Documents wishing to use this only need to add
 *        figcaption::before,
 *        .caption::before { content: "Figure "  counter(figure) " ";  }
 *        .example::before { content: "Example " counter(example) " "; }
 *        .issue::before   { content: "Issue "   counter(issue) " ";   }
 *
 * Header Stuff (ignore, just don't conflict with these classes)
 *   - .head for the header
 *   - .copyright for the copyright
 *
 * Miscellaneous
 *   - .overlarge for things that should be as wide as possible, even if
 *     that overflows the body text area. This can be used on an item or
 *     on its container, depending on the effect desired.
 *     Note that this styling basically doesn't help at all when printing,
 *     since A4 paper isn't much wider than the max-width here.
 *     It's better to design things to fit into a narrower measure if possible.
 *   - js-added ToC jump links (see fixup.js)
 *
 ******************************************************************************/

/******************************************************************************/
/*                                   Body                                     */
/******************************************************************************/

	body {
		counter-reset: example figure issue;

		/* Layout */
		max-width: 50em;               /* limit line length to 50em for readability   */
		margin: 0 auto;                /* center text within page                     */
		padding: 1.6em 1.5em 2em 50px; /* assume 16px font size for downlevel clients */
		padding: 1.6em 1.5em 2em calc(26px + 1.5em); /* leave space for status flag     */

		/* Typography */
		line-height: 1.5;
		font-family: sans-serif;
		widows: 2;
		orphans: 2;
		word-wrap: break-word;
		overflow-wrap: break-word;
		hyphens: auto;

		/* Colors */
		color: black;
		background: white top left fixed no-repeat;
		background-size: 25px auto;
	}


/******************************************************************************/
/*                         Front Matter & Navigation                          */
/******************************************************************************/

/** Header ********************************************************************/

	div.head { margin-bottom: 1em }
	div.head hr { border-style: solid; }

	div.head h1 {
		font-weight: bold;
		margin: 0 0 .1em;
		font-size: 220%;
	}

	div.head h2 { margin-bottom: 1.5em;}

/** W3C Logo ******************************************************************/

	.head .logo {
		float: right;
		margin: 0.4rem 0 0.2rem .4rem;
	}

	.head img[src*="logos/W3C"] {
		display: block;
		border: solid #1a5e9a;
		border-width: .65rem .7rem .6rem;
		border-radius: .4rem;
		background: #1a5e9a;
		color: white;
		font-weight: bold;
	}

	.head a:hover > img[src*="logos/W3C"],
	.head a:focus > img[src*="logos/W3C"] {
		opacity: .8;
	}

	.head a:active > img[src*="logos/W3C"] {
		background: #c00;
		border-color: #c00;
	}

	/* see also additional rules in Link Styling section */

/** Copyright *****************************************************************/

	p.copyright,
	p.copyright small { font-size: small }

/** Back to Top / ToC Toggle **************************************************/

	@media print {
		#toc-nav {
			display: none;
		}
	}
	@media not print {
		#toc-nav {
			position: fixed;
			z-index: 2;
			bottom: 0; left: 0;
			margin: 0;
			min-width: 1.33em;
			border-top-right-radius: 2rem;
			box-shadow: 0 0 2px;
			font-size: 1.5em;
			color: black;
		}
		#toc-nav > a {
			display: block;
			white-space: nowrap;

			height: 1.33em;
			padding: .1em 0.3em;
			margin: 0;

			background: white;
			box-shadow: 0 0 2px;
			border: none;
			border-top-right-radius: 1.33em;
			background: white;
		}
		#toc-nav > #toc-jump {
			padding-bottom: 2em;
			margin-bottom: -1.9em;
		}

		#toc-nav > a:hover,
		#toc-nav > a:focus {
			background: #f8f8f8;
		}
		#toc-nav > a:not(:hover):not(:focus) {
			color: #707070;
		}

		/* statusbar gets in the way on keyboard focus; remove once browsers fix */
		#toc-nav > a[href="#toc"]:not(:hover):focus:last-child {
			padding-bottom: 1.5rem;
		}

		#toc-nav:not(:hover) > a:not(:focus) > span + span {
			/* Ideally this uses :focus-within on #toc-nav */
			display: none;
		}
		#toc-nav > a > span + span {
			padding-right: 0.2em;
		}

		#toc-toggle-inline {
			vertical-align: 0.05em;
			font-size: 80%;
			color: gray;
			color: hsla(203,20%,40%,.7);
			border-style: none;
			background: transparent;
			position: relative;
		}
		#toc-toggle-inline:hover:not(:active),
		#toc-toggle-inline:focus:not(:active) {
			text-shadow: 1px 1px silver;
			top: -1px;
			left: -1px;
		}

		#toc-nav :active {
			color: #C00;
		}
	}

/** ToC Sidebar ***************************************************************/

	/* Floating sidebar */
	@media screen {
		body.toc-sidebar #toc {
			position: fixed;
			top: 0; bottom: 0;
			left: 0;
			width: 23.5em;
			max-width: 80%;
			max-width: calc(100% - 2em - 26px);
			overflow: auto;
			padding: 0 1em;
			padding-left: 42px;
			padding-left: calc(1em + 26px);
			background: inherit;
			background-color: #f7f8f9;
			z-index: 1;
			box-shadow: -.1em 0 .25em rgba(0,0,0,.1) inset;
		}
		body.toc-sidebar #toc h2 {
			margin-top: .8rem;
			font-variant: small-caps;
			font-variant: all-small-caps;
			text-transform: lowercase;
			font-weight: bold;
			color: gray;
			color: hsla(203,20%,40%,.7);
		}
		body.toc-sidebar #toc-jump:not(:focus) {
			width: 0;
			height: 0;
			padding: 0;
			position: absolute;
			overflow: hidden;
		}
	}
	/* Hide main scroller when only the ToC is visible anyway */
	@media screen and (max-width: 28em) {
		body.toc-sidebar {
			overflow: hidden;
		}
	}

	/* Sidebar with its own space */
	@media screen and (min-width: 78em) {
		body:not(.toc-inline) #toc {
			position: fixed;
			top: 0; bottom: 0;
			left: 0;
			width: 23.5em;
			overflow: auto;
			padding: 0 1em;
			padding-left: 42px;
			padding-left: calc(1em + 26px);
			background: inherit;
			background-color: #f7f8f9;
			z-index: 1;
			box-shadow: -.1em 0 .25em rgba(0,0,0,.1) inset;
		}
		body:not(.toc-inline) #toc h2 {
			margin-top: .8rem;
			font-variant: small-caps;
			font-variant: all-small-caps;
			text-transform: lowercase;
			font-weight: bold;
			color: gray;
			color: hsla(203,20%,40%,.7);
		}

		body:not(.toc-inline) {
			padding-left: 29em;
		}
		/* See also Overflow section at the bottom */

		body:not(.toc-inline) #toc-jump:not(:focus) {
			width: 0;
			height: 0;
			padding: 0;
			position: absolute;
			overflow: hidden;
		}
	}
	@media screen and (min-width: 90em) {
		body:not(.toc-inline) {
			margin: 0 4em;
		}
	}

/******************************************************************************/
/*                                Sectioning                                  */
/******************************************************************************/

/** Headings ******************************************************************/

	h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, dt {
		page-break-after: avoid;
		page-break-inside: avoid;
		font: 100% sans-serif;   /* Reset all font styling to clear out UA styles */
		font-family: inherit;    /* Inherit the font family. */
		line-height: 1.2;        /* Keep wrapped headings compact */
		hyphens: manual;         /* Hyphenated headings look weird */
	}

	h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
		margin-top: 3rem;
	}

	h1, h2, h3 {
		color: #005A9C;
		background: transparent;
	}

	h1 { font-size: 170%; }
	h2 { font-size: 140%; }
	h3 { font-size: 120%; }
	h4 { font-weight: bold; }
	h5 { font-style: italic; }
	h6 { font-variant: small-caps; }
	dt { font-weight: bold; }

/** Subheadings ***************************************************************/

	h1 + h2,
	#subtitle {
		/* #subtitle is a subtitle in an H2 under the H1 */
		margin-top: 0;
	}
	h2 + h3,
	h3 + h4,
	h4 + h5,
	h5 + h6 {
		margin-top: 1.2em; /* = 1 x line-height */
	}

/** Section divider ***********************************************************/

	:not(.head) > hr {
		font-size: 1.5em;
		text-align: center;
		margin: 1em auto;
		height: auto;
		border: transparent solid 0;
		background: transparent;
	}
	:not(.head) > hr::before {
		content: "\2727\2003\2003\2727\2003\2003\2727";
	}

/******************************************************************************/
/*                            Paragraphs and Lists                            */
/******************************************************************************/

	p {
		margin: 1em 0;
	}

	dd > p:first-child,
	li > p:first-child {
		margin-top: 0;
	}

	ul, ol {
		margin-left: 0;
		padding-left: 2em;
	}

	li {
		margin: 0.25em 0 0.5em;
		padding: 0;
	}

	dl dd {
		margin: 0 0 .5em 2em;
	}

	.head dd + dd { /* compact for header */
		margin-top: -.5em;
	}

	/* Style for algorithms */
	ol.algorithm ol:not(.algorithm),
	.algorithm > ol ol:not(.algorithm) {
	 border-left: 0.5em solid #DEF;
	}

	/* Put nice boxes around each algorithm. */
	[data-algorithm]:not(.heading) {
	  padding: .5em;
	  border: thin solid #ddd; border-radius: .5em;
	  margin: .5em calc(-0.5em - 1px);
	}
	[data-algorithm]:not(.heading) > :first-child {
	  margin-top: 0;
	}
	[data-algorithm]:not(.heading) > :last-child {
	  margin-bottom: 0;
	}

	/* Style for switch/case <dl>s */
	dl.switch > dd > ol.only,
	dl.switch > dd > .only > ol {
	 margin-left: 0;
	}
	dl.switch > dd > ol.algorithm,
	dl.switch > dd > .algorithm > ol {
	 margin-left: -2em;
	}
	dl.switch {
	 padding-left: 2em;
	}
	dl.switch > dt {
	 text-indent: -1.5em;
	 margin-top: 1em;
	}
	dl.switch > dt + dt {
	 margin-top: 0;
	}
	dl.switch > dt::before {
	 content: '\21AA';
	 padding: 0 0.5em 0 0;
	 display: inline-block;
	 width: 1em;
	 text-align: right;
	 line-height: 0.5em;
	}

/** Terminology Markup ********************************************************/


/******************************************************************************/
/*                                 Inline Markup                              */
/******************************************************************************/

/** Terminology Markup ********************************************************/
	dfn   { /* Defining instance */
		font-weight: bolder;
	}
	a > i { /* Instance of term */
		font-style: normal;
	}
	dt dfn code, code.idl {
		font-size: medium;
	}
	dfn var {
		font-style: normal;
	}

/** Change Marking ************************************************************/

	del { color: red;  text-decoration: line-through; }
	ins { color: #080; text-decoration: underline;    }

/** Miscellaneous improvements to inline formatting ***************************/

	sup {
		vertical-align: super;
		font-size: 80%
	}

/******************************************************************************/
/*                                    Code                                    */
/******************************************************************************/

/** General monospace/pre rules ***********************************************/

	pre, code, samp {
		font-family: Menlo, Consolas, "DejaVu Sans Mono", Monaco, monospace;
		font-size: .9em;
		page-break-inside: avoid;
		hyphens: none;
		text-transform: none;
	}
	pre code,
	code code {
		font-size: 100%;
	}

	pre {
		margin-top: 1em;
		margin-bottom: 1em;
		overflow: auto;
	}

/** Inline Code fragments *****************************************************/

  /* Do something nice. */

/******************************************************************************/
/*                                    Links                                   */
/******************************************************************************/

/** General Hyperlinks ********************************************************/

	/* We hyperlink a lot, so make it less intrusive */
	a[href] {
		color: #034575;
		text-decoration: none;
		border-bottom: 1px solid #707070;
		/* Need a bit of extending for it to look okay */
		padding: 0 1px 0;
		margin: 0 -1px 0;
	}
	a:visited {
		border-bottom-color: #BBB;
	}

	/* Use distinguishing colors when user is interacting with the link */
	a[href]:focus,
	a[href]:hover {
		background: #f8f8f8;
		background: rgba(75%, 75%, 75%, .25);
		border-bottom-width: 3px;
		margin-bottom: -2px;
	}
	a[href]:active {
		color: #C00;
		border-color: #C00;
	}

	/* Backout above styling for W3C logo */
	.head .logo,
	.head .logo a {
		border: none;
		text-decoration: none;
		background: transparent;
	}

/******************************************************************************/
/*                                    Images                                  */
/******************************************************************************/

	img {
		border-style: none;
	}

	/* For autogen numbers, add
	   .caption::before, figcaption::before { content: "Figure " counter(figure) ". "; }
	*/

	figure, .figure, .sidefigure {
		page-break-inside: avoid;
		text-align: center;
		margin: 2.5em 0;
	}
	.figure img,    .sidefigure img,    figure img,
	.figure object, .sidefigure object, figure object {
		max-width: 100%;
		margin: auto;
	}
	.figure pre, .sidefigure pre, figure pre {
		text-align: left;
		display: table;
		margin: 1em auto;
	}
	.figure table, figure table {
		margin: auto;
	}
	@media screen and (min-width: 20em) {
		.sidefigure {
			float: right;
			width: 50%;
			margin: 0 0 0.5em 0.5em
		}
	}
	.caption, figcaption, caption {
		font-style: italic;
		font-size: 90%;
	}
	.caption::before, figcaption::before, figcaption > .marker {
		font-weight: bold;
	}
	.caption, figcaption {
		counter-increment: figure;
	}

	/* DL list is indented 2em, but figure inside it is not */
	dd > .figure, dd > figure { margin-left: -2em }

/******************************************************************************/
/*                             Colored Boxes                                  */
/******************************************************************************/

	.issue, .note, .example, .assertion, .advisement, blockquote {
		padding: .5em;
		border: .5em;
		border-left-style: solid;
		page-break-inside: avoid;
	}
	span.issue, span.note {
		padding: .1em .5em .15em;
		border-right-style: solid;
	}

	.issue,
	.note,
	.example,
	.advisement,
	.assertion,
	blockquote {
		margin: 1em auto;
	}
	.note  > p:first-child,
	.issue > p:first-child,
	blockquote > :first-child {
		margin-top: 0;
	}
	blockquote > :last-child {
		margin-bottom: 0;
	}

/** Blockquotes ***************************************************************/

	blockquote {
		border-color: silver;
	}

/** Open issue ****************************************************************/

	.issue {
		border-color: #E05252;
		background: #FBE9E9;
		counter-increment: issue;
		overflow: auto;
	}
	.issue::before, .issue > .marker {
		text-transform: uppercase;
		color: #AE1E1E;
		padding-right: 1em;
		text-transform: uppercase;
	}
	/* Add .issue::before { content: "Issue " counter(issue) " "; } for autogen numbers,
	   or use class="marker" to mark up the issue number in source. */

/** Example *******************************************************************/

	.example {
		border-color: #E0CB52;
		background: #FCFAEE;
		counter-increment: example;
		overflow: auto;
		clear: both;
	}
	.example::before, .example > .marker {
		text-transform: uppercase;
		color: #827017;
		min-width: 7.5em;
		display: block;
	}
	/* Add .example::before { content: "Example " counter(example) " "; } for autogen numbers,
	   or use class="marker" to mark up the example number in source. */

/** Non-normative Note ********************************************************/

	.note {
		border-color: #52E052;
		background: #E9FBE9;
		overflow: auto;
	}

	.note::before, .note > .marker,
	details.note > summary::before,
	details.note > summary > .marker {
		text-transform: uppercase;
		display: block;
		color: hsl(120, 70%, 30%);
	}
	/* Add .note::before { content: "Note"; } for autogen label,
	   or use class="marker" to mark up the label in source. */

	details.note > summary {
		display: block;
		color: hsl(120, 70%, 30%);
	}
	details.note[open] > summary {
		border-bottom: 1px silver solid;
	}

/** Assertion Box *************************************************************/
	/*  for assertions in algorithms */

	.assertion {
		border-color: #AAA;
		background: #EEE;
	}

/** Advisement Box ************************************************************/
	/*  for attention-grabbing normative statements */

	.advisement {
		border-color: orange;
		border-style: none solid;
		background: #FFEECC;
	}
	strong.advisement {
		display: block;
		text-align: center;
	}
	.advisement > .marker {
		color: #B35F00;
	}

/** Spec Obsoletion Notice ****************************************************/
	/* obnoxious obsoletion notice for older/abandoned specs. */

	details {
		display: block;
	}
	summary {
		font-weight: bolder;
	}

	.annoying-warning:not(details),
	details.annoying-warning:not([open]) > summary,
	details.annoying-warning[open] {
		background: #fdd;
		color: red;
		font-weight: bold;
		padding: .75em 1em;
		border: thick red;
		border-style: solid;
		border-radius: 1em;
	}
	.annoying-warning :last-child {
		margin-bottom: 0;
	}

@media not print {
	details.annoying-warning[open] {
		position: fixed;
		left: 1em;
		right: 1em;
		bottom: 1em;
		z-index: 1000;
	}
}

	details.annoying-warning:not([open]) > summary {
		text-align: center;
	}

/** Entity Definition Boxes ***************************************************/

	.def {
		padding: .5em 1em;
		background: #DEF;
		margin: 1.2em 0;
		border-left: 0.5em solid #8CCBF2;
	}

/******************************************************************************/
/*                                    Tables                                  */
/******************************************************************************/

	th, td {
		text-align: left;
		text-align: start;
	}

/** Property/Descriptor Definition Tables *************************************/

	table.def {
		/* inherits .def box styling, see above */
		width: 100%;
		border-spacing: 0;
	}

	table.def td,
	table.def th {
		padding: 0.5em;
		vertical-align: baseline;
		border-bottom: 1px solid #bbd7e9;
	}

	table.def > tbody > tr:last-child th,
	table.def > tbody > tr:last-child td {
		border-bottom: 0;
	}

	table.def th {
		font-style: italic;
		font-weight: normal;
		padding-left: 1em;
		width: 3em;
	}

	/* For when values are extra-complex and need formatting for readability */
	table td.pre {
		white-space: pre-wrap;
	}

	/* A footnote at the bottom of a def table */
	table.def           td.footnote {
		padding-top: 0.6em;
	}
	table.def           td.footnote::before {
		content: " ";
		display: block;
		height: 0.6em;
		width: 4em;
		border-top: thin solid;
	}

/** Data tables (and properly marked-up index tables) *************************/
	/*
		 <table class="data"> highlights structural relationships in a table
		 when correct markup is used (e.g. thead/tbody, th vs. td, scope attribute)

		 Use class="complex data" for particularly complicated tables --
		 (This will draw more lines: busier, but clearer.)

		 Use class="long" on table cells with paragraph-like contents
		 (This will adjust text alignment accordingly.)
		 Alternately use class="longlastcol" on tables, to have the last column assume "long".
	*/

	table {
		word-wrap: normal;
		overflow-wrap: normal;
		hyphens: manual;
	}

	table.data,
	table.index {
		margin: 1em auto;
		border-collapse: collapse;
		border: hidden;
		width: 100%;
	}
	table.data caption,
	table.index caption {
		max-width: 50em;
		margin: 0 auto 1em;
	}

	table.data td,  table.data th,
	table.index td, table.index th {
		padding: 0.5em 1em;
		border-width: 1px;
		border-color: silver;
		border-top-style: solid;
	}

	table.data thead td:empty {
		padding: 0;
		border: 0;
	}

	table.data  thead,
	table.index thead,
	table.data  tbody,
	table.index tbody {
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	 vertical-align: baseline;
	 text-align: left;
	}

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		vertical-align: middle;
	}


/*
Alternate table alignment rules

	table.data,
	table.index {
		text-align: center;
	}

	table.data  thead th[scope="row"],
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		text-align: right;
	}

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	table.index tbody th:first-child  {
		text-align: right;
	}

Possible extra rowspan handling

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		border-left: 0;
		border-right: 1px solid silver;
	}
*/

/******************************************************************************/
/*                                  Indices                                   */
/******************************************************************************/


/** Table of Contents *********************************************************/

	.toc a {
		/* More spacing; use padding to make it part of the click target. */
		padding-top: 0.1rem;
		/* Larger, more consistently-sized click target */
		display: block;
		/* Reverse color scheme */
		color: black;
		border-color: #3980B5;
		border-bottom-width: 3px !important;
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	}
	.toc a:visited {
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	}
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	}

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		list-style: none; /* Numbers must be inlined into source */
		/* because generated content isn't search/selectable and markers can't do multilevel yet */
		margin:  0;
		padding: 0;
		line-height: 1.1rem; /* consistent spacing */
	}

	/* ToC not indented until third level, but font style & margins show hierarchy */
	.toc > li             { font-weight: bold;   }
	.toc > li li          { font-weight: normal; }
	.toc > li li li       { font-size:   95%;    }
	.toc > li li li li    { font-size:   90%;    }
	.toc > li li li li .secno { font-size: 85%; }
	.toc > li li li li li { font-size:   85%;    }
	.toc > li li li li li .secno { font-size: 100%; }

	/* @supports not (display:grid) { */
		.toc > li             { margin: 1.5rem 0;    }
		.toc > li li          { margin: 0.3rem 0;    }
		.toc > li li li       { margin-left: 2rem;   }

		/* Section numbers in a column of their own */
		.toc .secno {
			float: left;
			width: 4rem;
			white-space: nowrap;
		}

		.toc li {
			clear: both;
		}

		:not(li) > .toc              { margin-left:  5rem; }
		.toc .secno                  { margin-left: -5rem; }
		.toc > li li li .secno       { margin-left: -7rem; }
		.toc > li li li li .secno    { margin-left: -9rem; }
		.toc > li li li li li .secno { margin-left: -11rem; }

		/* Tighten up indentation in narrow ToCs */
		@media (max-width: 30em) {
			:not(li) > .toc              { margin-left:  4rem; }
			.toc .secno                  { margin-left: -4rem; }
			.toc > li li li              { margin-left:  1rem; }
			.toc > li li li .secno       { margin-left: -5rem; }
			.toc > li li li li .secno    { margin-left: -6rem; }
			.toc > li li li li li .secno { margin-left: -7rem; }
		}
	/* } */

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			/* The spans of the top-level list,
			   comprising the first items of each top-level section. */
			margin-top: 1.1rem;
		}
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			grid-column: 1;
			width: auto;
			margin-left: 0;
		}
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			margin-bottom: -3px;
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		#toc li li li .content {
			margin-left: 1rem;
		}
		#toc li li li li .content {
			margin-left: 2rem;
		}
	}


/** Index *********************************************************************/

	/* Index Lists: Layout */
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	ul.index dl    { margin-top: 0; }
	ul.index dt    { margin: .2em 0 .2em 20px;}
	ul.index dd    { margin: .2em 0 .2em 40px;}
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/** Index Tables *****************************************************/
	/* See also the data table styling section, which this effectively subclasses */

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		text-align: left;
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		font-weight: bold;
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/******************************************************************************/
/*                                    Print                                   */
/******************************************************************************/

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	@page {
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/******************************************************************************/
/*                                    Legacy                                  */
/******************************************************************************/

	/* This rule is inherited from past style sheets. No idea what it's for. */
	.hide { display: none }



/******************************************************************************/
/*                             Overflow Control                               */
/******************************************************************************/

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		margin-left: auto;
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		}
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 <body class="h-entry">
  <div class="head">
   <p data-fill-with="logo"></p>
   <h1 class="p-name no-ref" id="title">P2093R3<br>Formatted output</h1>
   <h2 class="no-num no-toc no-ref heading settled" id="subtitle"><span class="content">Published Proposal, <time class="dt-updated" datetime="2020-12-26">2020-12-26</time></span></h2>
   <div data-fill-with="spec-metadata">
    <dl>
     <dt>Author:
     <dd>
      <dd class="editor p-author h-card vcard"><a class="p-name fn u-email email" href="mailto:victor.zverovich@gmail.com">Victor Zverovich</a>
     <dt>Audience:
     <dd>LEWG
     <dt>Project:
     <dd>ISO/IEC JTC1/SC22/WG21 14882: Programming Language — C++
    </dl>
   </div>
   <div data-fill-with="warning"></div>
   <hr title="Separator for header">
  </div>
  <nav data-fill-with="table-of-contents" id="toc">
   <h2 class="no-num no-toc no-ref" id="contents">Table of Contents</h2>
   <ol class="toc" role="directory">
    <li><a href="#intro"><span class="secno">1</span> <span class="content">Introduction</span></a>
    <li><a href="#hist"><span class="secno">2</span> <span class="content">Revision history</span></a>
    <li><a href="#polls"><span class="secno">3</span> <span class="content">LEWG polls (R1)</span></a>
    <li><a href="#motivation"><span class="secno">4</span> <span class="content">Motivating examples</span></a>
    <li><a href="#api"><span class="secno">5</span> <span class="content">API and naming</span></a>
    <li><a href="#unicode"><span class="secno">6</span> <span class="content">Unicode</span></a>
    <li><a href="#perf"><span class="secno">7</span> <span class="content">Performance</span></a>
    <li><a href="#binary"><span class="secno">8</span> <span class="content">Binary code</span></a>
    <li><a href="#impact"><span class="secno">9</span> <span class="content">Impact on existing code</span></a>
    <li><a href="#impl"><span class="secno">10</span> <span class="content">Implementation</span></a>
    <li><a href="#wording"><span class="secno">11</span> <span class="content">Wording</span></a>
    <li><a href="#lst"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">Appendix A: Unicode tests</span></a>
    <li><a href="#ack"><span class="secno">12</span> <span class="content">Acknowledgements</span></a>
    <li>
     <a href="#references"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">References</span></a>
     <ol class="toc">
      <li><a href="#informative"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">Informative References</span></a>
     </ol>
   </ol>
  </nav>
  <main>
   <p style="text-align: right"> "╨ƒ╤Ç╨╕╨▓╨╡╤é, ╬║╧î╧â╬╝╬┐╧é!" <br> ― anonymous user </p>
   <h2 class="heading settled" data-level="1" id="intro"><span class="secno">1. </span><span class="content">Introduction</span><a class="self-link" href="#intro"></a></h2>
   <p>A new I/O-agnostic text formatting library was introduced in C++20 (<a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-format">[FORMAT]</a>).
This paper proposes integrating it with standard I/O facilities via a simple and
intuitive API achieving the following goals:</p>
   <ul>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Usability</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Unicode support</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Good performance</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Small binary footprint</p>
   </ul>
   <h2 class="heading settled" data-level="2" id="hist"><span class="secno">2. </span><span class="content">Revision history</span><a class="self-link" href="#hist"></a></h2>
   <p>Changes since R2:</p>
   <ul>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Added better compatibility with other formatted I/O facilities as another
advantage of using <code class="highlight"><c- n>stdout</c-></code> in <a href="#api">§ 5 API and naming</a> per SG16 feedback.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Clarified that <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-p1885">[P1885]</a> can be used for literal encoding detection per SG16
feedback.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Added comparison of Unicode handling in various languages in <a href="#lst">Appendix A: Unicode tests</a> and a
summary in <a href="#unicode">§ 6 Unicode</a> per SG16 request.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Removed incorrect "exposition-only" in <a href="#unicode">§ 6 Unicode</a>.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Replaced "both source and literal encodings are UTF-8, which is enabled by the <code class="highlight">/utf-8</code> compiler flag" with "the literal
(execution) encoding is UTF-8, which is enabled by the <code class="highlight">/execution-charset:utf-8</code> compiler flag" since
the source encoding is irrelevant there.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Rephrased <em>Effects</em> of <code class="highlight"><c- n>vprint_unicode</c-></code> for clarity.</p>
   </ul>
   <p>Changes since R1:</p>
   <ul>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Added missing <code class="highlight"><c- n>println</c-></code> overloads that take <code class="highlight"><c- b>FILE</c-><c- o>*</c-></code> and <code class="highlight"><c- n>ostream</c-><c- o>&amp;</c-></code>.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Moved the print functions that take <code class="highlight"><c- n>ostream</c-><c- o>&amp;</c-></code> to <code class="highlight"><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>ostream</c-><c- o>></c-></code> since <code class="highlight"><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>format</c-><c- o>></c-></code> shouldn’t depend on <code class="highlight"><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>ostream</c-><c- o>></c-></code>.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Clarified why it is useful to provide <code class="highlight"><c- n>vprint</c-><c- o>*</c-></code> functions in <a href="#binary">§ 8 Binary code</a>.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Rebased the wording onto the latest working draft, N4861, in particular
updating the <em>Throws</em> clauses to match existing wording.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Replaced <code class="highlight"><c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>system_error</c-></code> with <code class="highlight"><c- n>system_error</c-></code> in the wording.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Added paragraph numbers to the wording.</p>
   </ul>
   <p>Changes since R0:</p>
   <ul>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Clarified that adding <code class="highlight"><c- b>wchar_t</c-></code> overloads will be addressed in a separate
paper per the UK C++ panel feedback.</p>
   </ul>
   <h2 class="heading settled" data-level="3" id="polls"><span class="secno">3. </span><span class="content">LEWG polls (R1)</span><a class="self-link" href="#polls"></a></h2>
   <p><strong>We prefer <code class="highlight"><c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>cout</c-></code> as the default output target.</strong></p>
<pre class="highlight"><c- n>SF</c->    <c- n>WF</c->    <c- n>N</c->     <c- n>WA</c->    <c- n>SA</c->
<c- mi>3</c->     <c- mi>2</c->     <c- mi>6</c->     <c- mi>6</c->     <c- mi>5</c->
</pre>
   <p><strong>Add a member function on <code class="highlight"><c- n>ostream</c-></code> instead of a <code class="highlight"><c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>print</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>ostream</c-><c- o>&amp;</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- p>...)</c-></code> free function overload.</strong></p>
<pre class="highlight"><c- n>SF</c->    <c- n>WF</c->    <c- n>N</c->     <c- n>WA</c->    <c- n>SA</c->
<c- mi>0</c->     <c- mi>2</c->     <c- mi>5</c->     <c- mi>17</c->    <c- mi>3</c->
</pre>
   Consensus against. 
   <p><strong>Remove <code class="highlight"><c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>println</c-></code> from the paper?</strong></p>
<pre class="highlight"><c- n>SF</c->    <c- n>WF</c->    <c- n>N</c->     <c- n>WA</c->    <c- n>SA</c->
<c- mi>1</c->     <c- mi>10</c->    <c- mi>7</c->     <c- mi>4</c->     <c- mi>4</c->
</pre>
   No consensus for change. 
   <p><strong>We are happy with the design with regards to UTF-8 output.</strong></p>
   <p>Unanimous consent.</p>
   <p>Attendance: 35</p>
   <h2 class="heading settled" data-level="4" id="motivation"><span class="secno">4. </span><span class="content">Motivating examples</span><a class="self-link" href="#motivation"></a></h2>
   <p>Consider a common task of printing formatted text to <code class="highlight"><c- n>stdout</c-></code>:</p>
   <table width="100%">
    <tbody>
     <tr>
      <th>C++20
      <th>Proposed
     <tr>
      <td>
<pre class="highlight" lang="cpp"><c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>cout</c-> <c- o>&lt;&lt;</c-> <c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>format</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- s>"Hello, {}!"</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>name</c-><c- p>);</c->
</pre>
      <td>
<pre class="highlight" lang="cpp"><c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>print</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- s>"Hello, {}!"</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>name</c-><c- p>);</c->
</pre>
   </table>
   <p>The proposed <code class="highlight"><c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>print</c-></code> function improves usability, avoids allocating a
temporary <code class="highlight"><c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>string</c-></code> object and calling <code class="highlight"><c- k>operator</c-><c- o>&lt;&lt;</c-></code> which performs formatted
I/O on text that is already formatted. The number of function calls is reduced
to one which, together with <code class="highlight"><c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>vformat</c-></code>-like type erasure, results in much
smaller binary code (see <a href="#binary">§ 8 Binary code</a>).</p>
   <p>Existing alternatives in C++20:</p>
   <table width="100%">
    <tbody>
     <tr>
      <th>Code
      <th>Comments
     <tr>
      <td>
<pre class="highlight" lang="cpp"><c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>cout</c-> <c- o>&lt;&lt;</c-> <c- s>"Hello, "</c-> <c- o>&lt;&lt;</c-> <c- n>name</c-> <c- o>&lt;&lt;</c-> <c- s>"!"</c-><c- p>;</c->
</pre>
      <td> Requires even more formatted I/O function calls; message is interleaved
    with parameters; can result in interleaved output. 
     <tr>
      <td>
<pre class="highlight" lang="cpp"><c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>printf</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- s>"Hello, %s!"</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>name</c-><c- p>);</c->
</pre>
      <td> Only works if <code class="highlight"><c- n>name</c-></code> is a null-terminated character string. 
     <tr>
     <tr>
      <td>
<pre class="highlight" lang="cpp"><c- k>auto</c-> <c- n>msg</c-> <c- o>=</c-> <c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>format</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- s>"Hello, {}!"</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>name</c-><c- p>);</c->
<c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>fputs</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>msg</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>c_str</c-><c- p>(),</c-> <c- n>stdout</c-><c- p>);</c->
</pre>
      <td> Constructs a temporary string; requires a call to <code class="highlight"><c- n>c_str</c-><c- p>()</c-></code> and a separate
    I/O function call, although potentially cheaper than <code class="highlight"><c- k>operator</c-><c- o>&lt;&lt;</c-></code>. 
     <tr>
   </table>
   <p>Another problem is formatting of Unicode text:</p>
<pre class="highlight"><c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>cout</c-> <c- o>&lt;&lt;</c-> <c- s>"Привет, κόσμος!"</c-><c- p>;</c->
</pre>
   If the source and execution encoding is UTF-8 this will produce the expected
output on most GNU/Linux and macOS systems. Unfortunately on Windows it is
almost guaranteed to produce <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mojibake">mojibake</a> despite the fact that the system is fully capable of printing Unicode, for
example 
<pre class="highlight">╨ƒ╤Ç╨╕╨▓╨╡╤é<c- p>,</c-> ╬║╧î╧â╬╝╬┐╧é<c- o>!</c->
</pre>
   even when compiled with <code class="highlight">/utf-8</code> using Visual C++
(<a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-msvc-utf8">[MSVC-UTF8]</a>). This happens because the terminal assumes code page 437 in this
case independently of the execution encoding. 
   <p>With the proposed paper</p>
<pre class="highlight"><c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>print</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- s>"Привет, κόσμος!"</c-><c- p>);</c->
</pre>
   will print <code class="highlight"><c- s>"Привет, κόσμος!"</c-></code> as expected allowing programmers to write Unicode
text portably using standard facilities. This will bring C++ on par with other
languages where such functionality has been available for a long time.
For comparison this just works in Python 3.8 on Windows with the same active
code page and console settings: 
<pre class="highlight"><c- o>>>></c-> <c- n>print</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- s>"Привет, κόσμος!"</c-><c- p>)</c->
Привет<c- p>,</c-> κόσμος<c- o>!</c->
</pre>
   <p>This problem is independent of formatting <code class="highlight"><c- b>char8_t</c-></code> strings but the same
solution applies there. Adding <code class="highlight"><c- n>charN_t</c-></code> and <code class="highlight"><c- b>wchar_t</c-></code> overloads will be
explored in a separate paper in a more general context.</p>
   <h2 class="heading settled" data-level="5" id="api"><span class="secno">5. </span><span class="content">API and naming</span><a class="self-link" href="#api"></a></h2>
   <p>Many programming languages provide functions for printing text to standard
output, often combined with formatting:</p>
   <table width="100%">
    <tbody>
     <tr>
      <th style="text-align: left">Language
      <th style="text-align: left">Function(s)
     <tr>
      <td>C
      <td><code class="highlight"><c- n>printf</c-></code> <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-n2176">[N2176]</a>
     <tr>
      <td>C#/.NET
      <td><code class="highlight"><c- n>Console</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>Write</c-></code> <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-dotnet-write">[DOTNET-WRITE]</a>
     <tr>
      <td>COBOL
      <td><code class="highlight"><c- n>DISPLAY</c-></code> statement <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-n0147">[N0147]</a>
     <tr>
      <td>Fortran
      <td><code class="highlight"><c- n>print</c-></code> and <code class="highlight"><c- n>write</c-></code> statements <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-n2162">[N2162]</a>
     <tr>
      <td>Go
      <td><code class="highlight"><c- n>Printf</c-></code> <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-go-fmt">[GO-FMT]</a>
     <tr>
      <td>Java
      <td><code class="highlight"><c- n>PrintStream</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>format</c-></code>, <code class="highlight"><c- n>PrintStream</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>print</c-></code>, <code class="highlight"><c- n>PrintStream</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>printf</c-></code> <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-java-print">[JAVA-PRINT]</a>
     <tr>
      <td>JavaScript
      <td><code class="highlight"><c- n>console</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>log</c-></code> <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-whatwg-console">[WHATWG-CONSOLE]</a>
     <tr>
      <td>Perl
      <td><code class="highlight"><c- n>printf</c-></code> <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-perl-printf">[PERL-PRINTF]</a>
     <tr>
      <td>PHP
      <td><code class="highlight"><c- n>printf</c-></code> <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-php-printf">[PHP-PRINTF]</a>
     <tr>
      <td>Python
      <td><code class="highlight"><c- n>print</c-></code> statement or function <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-py-func">[PY-FUNC]</a>
     <tr>
      <td>R
      <td><code class="highlight"><c- n>print</c-></code> <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-r-print">[R-PRINT]</a>
     <tr>
      <td>Ruby
      <td><code class="highlight"><c- n>print</c-></code> and <code class="highlight"><c- n>printf</c-></code> <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-ruby-print">[RUBY-PRINT]</a>
     <tr>
      <td>Rust
      <td><code class="highlight"><c- n>print</c-><c- o>!</c-></code> <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-rust-print">[RUST-PRINT]</a>
     <tr>
      <td>Swift
      <td><code class="highlight"><c- n>print</c-></code> <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-swift-print">[SWIFT-PRINT]</a>
   </table>
   <p>Variations of <code class="highlight"><c- n>print</c-><c- p>[</c-><c- n>f</c-><c- p>]</c-></code> appear to be the most popular naming choice for this
functionality. It is either provided as a free function (most common) or a
member function (less common) together with a global object representing
standard output stream. Notable exceptions are COBOL, Fortran, and Python 2
which have dedicated language statements and Rust where <code class="highlight"><c- n>print</c-><c- o>!</c-></code> is a
function-like macro.</p>
   <p>We propose adding a free function called <code class="highlight"><c- n>print</c-></code> with overloads for writing to
the standard output (the default) and an explicitly passed output stream object.
The default output stream can be either <code class="highlight"><c- n>stdout</c-></code> or <code class="highlight"><c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>cout</c-></code>. We propose
using <code class="highlight"><c- n>stdout</c-></code> for the following reasons:</p>
   <ul>
    <li data-md>
     <p><code class="highlight"><c- n>stdout</c-></code> is considerably faster on at least two major implementations
(see <a href="#perf">§ 7 Performance</a>).</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Better compatibilty with other formatted I/O facilities compared to <code class="highlight"><c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>cout</c-></code> and its associated <code class="highlight"><c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>streambuf</c-></code> that suffer from private
buffering, localization and conversion services that must be synchronized at
a lower level.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p><code class="highlight"><c- n>print</c-></code> won’t use any formatted output functionality of <code class="highlight"><c- n>ostream</c-></code>.</p>
   </ul>
   <p>Since <code class="highlight"><c- n>stdout</c-></code> doesn’t have an associated
locale we propose using the current global locale for locale-specific formatting
which is consistent with <code class="highlight"><c- n>format</c-></code>. With <code class="highlight"><c- n>cout</c-></code> or another explicitly passed
stream, the stream’s locale will be used. In all cases the defalt formatting is
locale-independent.</p>
   <p>Another option is to make <code class="highlight"><c- n>print</c-></code> a member function of <code class="highlight"><c- n>basic_ostream</c-></code>. This
would make usage somewhat more awkward:</p>
<pre class="language-c++ highlight"><c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>cout</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>print</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- s>"Hello, {}!"</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>name</c-><c- p>);</c->
</pre>
   A free function can also be overloaded to take <code class="highlight"><c- b>FILE</c-><c- o>*</c-></code> to simplify migration
(possibly automated) of code from <code class="highlight"><c- n>printf</c-></code> to the new facility. 
   <p>There are multiple approaches to appending a trailing newline:</p>
   <ul>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Don’t append a newline automatically: <code class="highlight"><c- n>printf</c-></code> in C and other languages.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Append a newline but don’t format arguments: <code class="highlight"><c- n>puts</c-></code> in C (inconsistent with <code class="highlight"><c- n>fputs</c-></code>).</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Have two formatting functions/macros, one that appends newline and another
that doesn’t: <code class="highlight"><c- n>print</c-></code>/<code class="highlight"><c- n>println</c-></code> in Java, <code class="highlight"><c- n>print</c-><c- o>!</c-></code>/<code class="highlight"><c- n>println</c-><c- o>!</c-></code> in Rust, <code class="highlight"><c- n>Printf</c-></code>/<code class="highlight"><c- n>Println</c-></code> in Go, <code class="highlight"><c- n>Write</c-></code>/<code class="highlight"><c- n>WriteLine</c-></code> in C#/.NET.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Let the user choose a terminating string defaulting to <code class="highlight"><c- s>"</c-><c- se>\n</c-><c- s>"</c-></code> and do limited
formatting: <code class="highlight"><c- n>print</c-></code> in Python and Swift.</p>
   </ul>
   <p>We propose not appending a newline automatically for consistency with <code class="highlight"><c- n>printf</c-></code> and iostreams:</p>
<pre class="language-c++ highlight"><c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>print</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- s>"Hello, {}!"</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>name</c-><c- p>);</c->    <c- c1>// doesn’t print a newline</c->
<c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>print</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- s>"Hello, {}!</c-><c- se>\n</c-><c- s>"</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>name</c-><c- p>);</c->  <c- c1>// prints a newline</c->
</pre>
   <p>Additionally we can provide a function that appends a newline:</p>
<pre class="language-c++ highlight"><c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>println</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- s>"Hello, {}!"</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>name</c-><c- p>);</c->  <c- c1>// prints a newline</c->
</pre>
   <p>Although <code class="highlight"><c- n>println</c-></code> doesn’t provide much usability improvement compared to <code class="highlight"><c- n>print</c-></code> with explicit <code class="highlight"><c- sc>'\n'</c-></code>, it has been a frequently requested feature in the
fmt library (<a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-fmt">[FMT]</a>).</p>
   <h2 class="heading settled" data-level="6" id="unicode"><span class="secno">6. </span><span class="content">Unicode</span><a class="self-link" href="#unicode"></a></h2>
   <p>We can prevent mojibake in the Unicode example by detecting if the string
literal encoding is UTF-8 and dispatching to a different function that correctly
handles Unicode, for example:</p>
<pre class="highlight"><c- k>constexpr</c-> <c- b>bool</c-> <c- nf>is_utf8</c-><c- p>()</c-> <c- p>{</c->
  <c- k>const</c-> <c- b>unsigned</c-> <c- b>char</c-> <c- n>micro</c-><c- p>[]</c-> <c- o>=</c-> <c- s>"</c-><c- se>\u00B5</c-><c- s>"</c-><c- p>;</c->
  <c- k>return</c-> <c- k>sizeof</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>micro</c-><c- p>)</c-> <c- o>==</c-> <c- mi>3</c-> <c- o>&amp;&amp;</c-> <c- n>micro</c-><c- p>[</c-><c- mi>0</c-><c- p>]</c-> <c- o>==</c-> <c- mh>0xC2</c-> <c- o>&amp;&amp;</c-> <c- n>micro</c-><c- p>[</c-><c- mi>1</c-><c- p>]</c-> <c- o>==</c-> <c- mh>0xB5</c-><c- p>;</c->
<c- p>}</c->

<c- k>template</c-> <c- o>&lt;</c-><c- k>typename</c-><c- p>...</c-> <c- n>Args</c-><c- o>></c->
<c- b>void</c-> <c- n>print</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>string_view</c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- k>const</c-> <c- n>Args</c-><c- o>&amp;</c-><c- p>...</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>)</c-> <c- p>{</c->
  <c- k>if</c-> <c- p>(</c-><c- n>is_utf8</c-><c- p>())</c->
    <c- n>vprint_unicode</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>make_format_args</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>args</c-><c- p>...));</c->
  <c- k>else</c->
    <c- nf>vprint_nonunicode</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>make_format_args</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>args</c-><c- p>...));</c->
<c- p>}</c->
</pre>
   where the <code class="highlight"><c- n>vprint_unicode</c-></code> function formats and prints text in
the UTF-8 encoding using the native system API that supports Unicode and <code class="highlight"><c- n>vprint_nonunicode</c-></code> does the same for other encodings. The latter
ensures that interoperability with code using legacy encodings is preserved even
though <code class="highlight"><c- n>print</c-></code> is a new API and it is not strictly necessary. 
   <p>In Visual C++ <code class="highlight"><c- n>is_utf8</c-></code> will return <code class="highlight">true</code> if the literal (execution) encoding
is UTF-8, which is enabled by the <code class="highlight">/execution-charset:utf-8</code> compiler flags or other means, and <code class="highlight">false</code> otherwise. Literal encoding detection
can be implemented in a more elegant way using <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-p1885">[P1885]</a>.</p>
   <p>This approach has been implemented in the fmt library (<a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-fmt">[FMT]</a>) and successfully
tested on a variety of platforms.</p>
   <p>Here’s an example output on Windows:</p>
   <p><img alt src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="100%"></p>
   <p>At the same time interoperability with legacy code is preserved when literal
encoding is not UTF-8. In particular, in case of EBCDIC, Shift JIS or a
non-Unicode Windows code page, <code class="highlight"><c- n>print</c-></code> will perform no transcoding and the text
will be printed as is.</p>
   <p>The following table summarizes the behavior of formatted output facilities in
different programming languages:</p>
   <table width="100%">
    <tbody>
     <tr>
      <th>
      <th colspan="2">Linux
      <th colspan="2">macOS
      <th colspan="2">Windows
     <tr>
      <th style="text-align: left">Language
      <th style="text-align: left">Terminal
      <th style="text-align: left">Redirect
      <th style="text-align: left">Terminal
      <th style="text-align: left">Redirect
      <th style="text-align: left">Terminal
      <th style="text-align: left">Redirect
     <tr>
      <td>C
      <td>Correct
      <td>UTF-8
      <td>Correct
      <td>UTF-8
      <td>Wrong
      <td>UTF-8
     <tr>
      <td>Go
      <td>Correct
      <td>UTF-8
      <td>Correct
      <td>UTF-8
      <td>Correct
      <td>UTF-8
     <tr>
      <td>Java
      <td>Correct
      <td>UTF-8<sup>*</sup>
      <td>Correct
      <td>UTF-8<sup>*</sup>
      <td>Wrong
      <td>CP1251 (lossy)
     <tr>
      <td>JavaScript
      <td>Correct
      <td>UTF-8<sup>*</sup>
      <td>Correct
      <td>UTF-8<sup>*</sup>
      <td>Correct
      <td>UTF-8<sup>*</sup>
     <tr>
      <td>Python
      <td>Correct
      <td>UTF-8<sup>*</sup>
      <td>Correct
      <td>UTF-8<sup>*</sup>
      <td>Correct
      <td>Error
     <tr>
      <td>Rust
      <td>Correct
      <td>UTF-8
      <td>Correct
      <td>UTF-8
      <td>Correct
      <td>UTF-8
   </table>
   <p><sup>*</sup> - the output is transcoded from a different UTF representation.</p>
   <p>Correct means that the test message "Привет, κόσμος!" was fully readable in the
terminal output. None of the tested language facilities were able to produce
readable output when piped through the standard <code class="highlight"><c- n>findstr</c-></code> command on Windows.
Java gave the worst results producing both mojibake and replacement characters
in this case: "╧ЁштхЄ, ??????!". Most other languages produced valid UTF-8
when the output of <code class="highlight"><c- n>findstr</c-></code> was redirected to a file.</p>
   <p>The current paper proposes following C, Go, JavaScript and Rust and preserve
the original encoding (modulo UTF conversion). The only difference compared to <code class="highlight"><c- n>printf</c-></code> is that we fix the output to console on Windows. Java’s approach is
problematic for the following reasons:</p>
   <ul>
    <li data-md>
     <p>There is a silent data loss for <strong>valid</strong> Unicode code points when the output
is redirected to a file.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>It is more expensive because of transcoding.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>It may give an unusable result when piped through standard Windows commands
like <code class="highlight"><c- n>findstr</c-></code>.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>It transcodes into legacy encodings that are rarely used in practice nowadays.
For example, usage of CP1251 dropped from 4.3% to 0.9% in the last 10 years
(<a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-encoding-trends">[ENCODING-TRENDS]</a>).</p>
   </ul>
   <p>The full listings of test programs are given in <a href="#lst">Appendix A: Unicode tests</a>.</p>
   <h2 class="heading settled" data-level="7" id="perf"><span class="secno">7. </span><span class="content">Performance</span><a class="self-link" href="#perf"></a></h2>
   <p>All the performance benefits of <code class="highlight"><c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>format</c-></code> (<a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-format">[FORMAT]</a>) automatically carry
over to this proposal. In particular, locale-independence by default reduces
global state and makes formatting more efficient compared to stdio and
iostreams. There are fewer function calls (see <a href="#binary">§ 8 Binary code</a>) and no shared
formatting state compared to iostreams.</p>
   <p>The following benchmark compares the reference implementation of <code class="highlight"><c- n>print</c-></code> with <code class="highlight"><c- n>printf</c-></code> and <code class="highlight"><c- n>ostream</c-></code>. This benchmark formats a simple message and prints it to
the output stream redirected to <code class="highlight"><c- o>/</c-><c- n>dev</c-><c- o>/</c-><c- n>null</c-></code>. It uses the Google Benchmark
library <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-google-bench">[GOOGLE-BENCH]</a> to measure timings:</p>
<pre class="language-c++ highlight"><c- cp>#include</c-> &lt;cstdio>
<c- cp>#include</c-> &lt;iostream>

<c- cp>#include</c-> &lt;benchmark/benchmark.h>
<c- cp>#include</c-> &lt;fmt/ostream.h>

<c- b>void</c-> <c- nf>printf</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>benchmark</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>State</c-><c- o>&amp;</c-> <c- n>s</c-><c- p>)</c-> <c- p>{</c->
  <c- k>while</c-> <c- p>(</c-><c- n>s</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>KeepRunning</c-><c- p>())</c->
    <c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>printf</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- s>"The answer is %d.</c-><c- se>\n</c-><c- s>"</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- mi>42</c-><c- p>);</c->
<c- p>}</c->
<c- n>BENCHMARK</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>printf</c-><c- p>);</c->

<c- b>void</c-> <c- nf>ostream</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>benchmark</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>State</c-><c- o>&amp;</c-> <c- n>s</c-><c- p>)</c-> <c- p>{</c->
  <c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>ios</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>sync_with_stdio</c-><c- p>(</c->false<c- p>);</c->
  <c- k>while</c-> <c- p>(</c-><c- n>s</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>KeepRunning</c-><c- p>())</c->
    <c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>cout</c-> <c- o>&lt;&lt;</c-> <c- s>"The answer is "</c-> <c- o>&lt;&lt;</c-> <c- mi>42</c-> <c- o>&lt;&lt;</c-> <c- s>".</c-><c- se>\n</c-><c- s>"</c-><c- p>;</c->
<c- p>}</c->
<c- n>BENCHMARK</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>ostream</c-><c- p>);</c->

<c- b>void</c-> <c- nf>print</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>benchmark</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>State</c-><c- o>&amp;</c-> <c- n>s</c-><c- p>)</c-> <c- p>{</c->
  <c- k>while</c-> <c- p>(</c-><c- n>s</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>KeepRunning</c-><c- p>())</c->
    <c- n>fmt</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>print</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- s>"The answer is {}.</c-><c- se>\n</c-><c- s>"</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- mi>42</c-><c- p>);</c->
<c- p>}</c->
<c- n>BENCHMARK</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>print</c-><c- p>);</c->

<c- b>void</c-> <c- nf>print_cout</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>benchmark</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>State</c-><c- o>&amp;</c-> <c- n>s</c-><c- p>)</c-> <c- p>{</c->
  <c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>ios</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>sync_with_stdio</c-><c- p>(</c->false<c- p>);</c->
  <c- k>while</c-> <c- p>(</c-><c- n>s</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>KeepRunning</c-><c- p>())</c->
    <c- n>fmt</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>print</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>cout</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- s>"The answer is {}.</c-><c- se>\n</c-><c- s>"</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- mi>42</c-><c- p>);</c->
<c- p>}</c->
<c- n>BENCHMARK</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>print_cout</c-><c- p>);</c->

<c- b>void</c-> <c- nf>print_cout_sync</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>benchmark</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>State</c-><c- o>&amp;</c-> <c- n>s</c-><c- p>)</c-> <c- p>{</c->
  <c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>ios</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>sync_with_stdio</c-><c- p>(</c->true<c- p>);</c->
  <c- k>while</c-> <c- p>(</c-><c- n>s</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>KeepRunning</c-><c- p>())</c->
    <c- n>fmt</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>print</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>cout</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- s>"The answer is {}.</c-><c- se>\n</c-><c- s>"</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- mi>42</c-><c- p>);</c->
<c- p>}</c->
<c- n>BENCHMARK</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>print_cout_sync</c-><c- p>);</c->

<c- n>BENCHMARK_MAIN</c-><c- p>();</c->
</pre>
   <p>The benchmark was compiled with Apple clang version 11.0.0 (clang-1100.0.33.17)
with <code class="highlight"><c- o>-</c-><c- n>O3</c-> <c- o>-</c-><c- n>DNDEBUG</c-></code> and run on macOS 10.15.4. Below are the results:</p>
<pre class="language-text highlight">Run on (8 X 2800 MHz CPU s)
CPU Caches:
  L1 Data 32K (x4)
  L1 Instruction 32K (x4)
  L2 Unified 262K (x4)
  L3 Unified 8388K (x1)
Load Average: 1.83, 1.88, 1.82
---------------------------------------------------------​-
Benchmark                Time             CPU   Iterations
---------------------------------------------------------​-
printf                87.0 ns         86.9 ns      7834009
ostream                255 ns          255 ns      2746434
print                 78.4 ns         78.3 ns      9095989
print_cout            89.4 ns         89.4 ns      7702973
print_cout_sync       91.5 ns         91.4 ns      7903889
</pre>
   <p>Both <code class="highlight"><c- n>print</c-></code> and <code class="highlight"><c- n>printf</c-></code> are ~3 times faster than <code class="highlight"><c- n>cout</c-></code> even with
synchronization to the standard C streams turned off. <code class="highlight"><c- n>print</c-></code> is 14% faster when
printing to <code class="highlight"><c- n>stdout</c-></code> than to <code class="highlight"><c- n>cout</c-></code>. For this reason and because <code class="highlight"><c- n>print</c-></code> doesn’t
use formatting facilities of <code class="highlight"><c- n>ostream</c-></code> we propose using <code class="highlight"><c- n>stdout</c-></code> as the default
output stream and providing an overload for writing to <code class="highlight"><c- n>ostream</c-></code>.</p>
   <p>On Windows 10 with Visual C++ 2019 the results are similar althought the
difference between <code class="highlight"><c- n>print</c-></code> writing to <code class="highlight"><c- n>stdout</c-></code> and <code class="highlight"><c- n>cout</c-></code> is smaller with <code class="highlight"><c- n>stdout</c-></code> being 7% faster:</p>
<pre class="language-text highlight">Run on (1 X 2808 MHz CPU )
CPU Caches:
  L1 Data 32K (x1)
  L1 Instruction 32K (x1)
  L2 Unified 262K (x1)
  L3 Unified 8388K (x1)
---------------------------------------------------------​-
Benchmark                Time             CPU   Iterations
---------------------------------------------------------​-
printf                 835 ns          816 ns       746667
ostream               2410 ns         2400 ns       280000
print                  580 ns          572 ns      1120000
print_cout             623 ns          614 ns      1120000
print_cout_sync        615 ns          614 ns      1120000
</pre>
   <h2 class="heading settled" data-level="8" id="binary"><span class="secno">8. </span><span class="content">Binary code</span><a class="self-link" href="#binary"></a></h2>
   <p>We propose minimizing per-call binary code size by applying the type erasure
mechanism from <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-p0645">[P0645]</a>. In this approach all the formatting and printing logic
is implemented in a non-variadic function <code class="highlight"><c- n>vprint</c-></code>. Inline variadic <code class="highlight"><c- n>print</c-></code> function only constructs a <code class="highlight"><c- n>format_args</c-></code> object, representing an array of
type-erased argument references, and passes it to <code class="highlight"><c- n>vprint</c-><c- o>*</c-></code>. Here is a
simplified example:</p>
<pre class="highlight"><c- b>void</c-> <c- nf>vprint</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>string_view</c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>format_args</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>);</c->

<c- k>template</c-><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>class</c-><c- p>...</c-> <c- n>Args</c-><c- o>></c->
  <c- kr>inline</c-> <c- b>void</c-> <c- n>print</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>string_view</c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- k>const</c-> <c- n>Args</c-><c- o>&amp;</c-><c- p>...</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>)</c-> <c- p>{</c->
    <c- k>return</c-> <c- n>vprint</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>make_format_args</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>args</c-><c- p>...));</c->
  <c- p>}</c->
</pre>
   <p>We provide <code class="highlight"><c- n>vprint</c-><c- o>*</c-></code> overloads so that users can apply the same technique to
their own code. For example:</p>
<pre class="highlight"><c- b>void</c-> <c- nf>vlog</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>log_level</c-> <c- n>level</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>string_view</c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>format_args</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>)</c-> <c- p>{</c->
  <c- c1>// Print the log level and use vprint* overloads to format and print the</c->
  <c- c1>// message.</c->
<c- p>}</c->

<c- k>template</c-><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>class</c-><c- p>...</c-> <c- n>Args</c-><c- o>></c->
  <c- kr>inline</c-> <c- b>void</c-> <c- n>log</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>log_level</c-> <c- n>level</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>string_view</c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- k>const</c-> <c- n>Args</c-><c- o>&amp;</c-><c- p>...</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>)</c-> <c- p>{</c->
    <c- k>return</c-> <c- n>vlog</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>level</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>make_format_args</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>args</c-><c- p>...));</c->
  <c- p>}</c->
</pre>
   <p>Here <code class="highlight"><c- n>vlog</c-></code> that implements the logging logic is not parameterized on formatting
argument types resulting in less code bloat compared to a naive templated
version. As a real-world example, this technique has been applied in the Folly
Logger (<a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-folly">[FOLLY]</a>) bringing ~5x binary size reduction per logging function call.</p>
   <p>Below we compare the reference implementation of <code class="highlight"><c- n>print</c-></code> to standard
formatting facilities. All the code snippets are compiled with clang (Apple
clang version 11.0.0 clang-1100.0.33.17) with <code class="highlight">-O3 -DNDEBUG -c -std=c++17 </code> and the resulting binaries are disassembled
with <code class="highlight">objdump -S</code>:</p>
<pre class="highlight"><c- b>void</c-> <c- nf>printf_test</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- k>const</c-> <c- b>char</c-><c- o>*</c-> <c- n>name</c-><c- p>)</c-> <c- p>{</c->
  <c- n>printf</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- s>"Hello, %s!"</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>name</c-><c- p>);</c->
<c- p>}</c->
</pre>
<pre class="language-text highlight">__Z11printf_testPKc:
       0:       55      pushq   %rbp
       1:       48 89 e5        movq    %rsp, %rbp
       4:       48 89 fe        movq    %rdi, %rsi
       7:       48 8d 3d 08 00 00 00    leaq    8(%rip), %rdi
       e:       31 c0   xorl    %eax, %eax
      10:       5d      popq    %rbp
      11:       e9 00 00 00 00  jmp     0 &lt;__Z11printf_testPKc+0x16>
</pre>
<pre class="highlight"><c- b>void</c-> <c- nf>ostream_test</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- k>const</c-> <c- b>char</c-><c- o>*</c-> <c- n>name</c-><c- p>)</c-> <c- p>{</c->
  <c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>cout</c-> <c- o>&lt;&lt;</c-> <c- s>"Hello, "</c-> <c- o>&lt;&lt;</c-> <c- n>name</c-> <c- o>&lt;&lt;</c-> <c- s>"!"</c-><c- p>;</c->
<c- p>}</c->
</pre>
<pre class="language-text highlight">__Z12ostream_testPKc:
       0:       55      pushq   %rbp
       1:       48 89 e5        movq    %rsp, %rbp
       4:       41 56   pushq   %r14
       6:       53      pushq   %rbx
       7:       48 89 fb        movq    %rdi, %rbx
       a:       48 8b 3d 00 00 00 00    movq    (%rip), %rdi
      11:       48 8d 35 6c 03 00 00    leaq    876(%rip), %rsi
      18:       ba 07 00 00 00  movl    $7, %edx
      1d:       e8 00 00 00 00  callq   0 &lt;__Z12ostream_testPKc+0x22>
      22:       49 89 c6        movq    %rax, %r14
      25:       48 89 df        movq    %rbx, %rdi
      28:       e8 00 00 00 00  callq   0 &lt;__Z12ostream_testPKc+0x2d>
      2d:       4c 89 f7        movq    %r14, %rdi
      30:       48 89 de        movq    %rbx, %rsi
      33:       48 89 c2        movq    %rax, %rdx
      36:       e8 00 00 00 00  callq   0 &lt;__Z12ostream_testPKc+0x3b>
      3b:       48 8d 35 4a 03 00 00    leaq    842(%rip), %rsi
      42:       ba 01 00 00 00  movl    $1, %edx
      47:       48 89 c7        movq    %rax, %rdi
      4a:       5b      popq    %rbx
      4b:       41 5e   popq    %r14
      4d:       5d      popq    %rbp
      4e:       e9 00 00 00 00  jmp     0 &lt;__Z12ostream_testPKc+0x53>
      53:       66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00   nopw    %cs:(%rax,%rax)
      5d:       0f 1f 00        nopl    (%rax)
</pre>
<pre class="highlight"><c- b>void</c-> <c- nf>print_test</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- k>const</c-> <c- b>char</c-><c- o>*</c-> <c- n>name</c-><c- p>)</c-> <c- p>{</c->
  <c- n>print</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- s>"Hello, {}!"</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>name</c-><c- p>);</c->
<c- p>}</c->
</pre>
<pre class="language-text highlight">__Z10print_testPKc:
       0:	55 	pushq	%rbp
       1:	48 89 e5 	movq	%rsp, %rbp
       4:	48 83 ec 10 	subq	$16, %rsp
       8:	48 89 7d f0 	movq	%rdi, -16(%rbp)
       c:	48 8d 3d 19 00 00 00 	leaq	25(%rip), %rdi
      13:	48 8d 4d f0 	leaq	-16(%rbp), %rcx
      17:	be 0a 00 00 00 	movl	$10, %esi
      1c:	ba 0d 00 00 00 	movl	$13, %edx
      21:	e8 00 00 00 00 	callq	0 &lt;__Z10print_testPKc+0x26>
      26:	48 83 c4 10 	addq	$16, %rsp
      2a:	5d 	popq	%rbp
      2b:	c3 	retq
</pre>
   <p>The code generated for the <code class="highlight"><c- n>print_test</c-></code> function that uses the reference
implementation of <code class="highlight"><c- n>print</c-></code> described in this proposal is more than 2x smaller
than the ostream code and has one function call instead of three. The <code class="highlight"><c- n>printf</c-></code> code is further 2x smaller but doesn’t have any error handling. Adding error
handling would make its code size closer to that of <code class="highlight"><c- n>print</c-></code>.</p>
   <p>The following factors contribute to the difference in binary code size between <code class="highlight"><c- n>print</c-></code> and <code class="highlight"><c- n>printf</c-></code>:</p>
   <ul>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Passing format string as <code class="highlight"><c- n>string_view</c-></code> instead of <code class="highlight"><c- k>const</c-> <c- b>char</c-><c- o>*</c-></code>.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Capturing and passing argument type information.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Preparing the array of formatting arguments.</p>
   </ul>
   <h2 class="heading settled" data-level="9" id="impact"><span class="secno">9. </span><span class="content">Impact on existing code</span><a class="self-link" href="#impact"></a></h2>
   <p>The current proposal adds new functions to the headers <code class="highlight"><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>format</c-><c- o>></c-></code> and <code class="highlight"><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>ostream</c-><c- o>></c-></code> and should have no impact on existing code.</p>
   <h2 class="heading settled" data-level="10" id="impl"><span class="secno">10. </span><span class="content">Implementation</span><a class="self-link" href="#impl"></a></h2>
   <p>The proposed <code class="highlight"><c- n>print</c-></code> function has been implemented in the the open-source fmt
library <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-fmt">[FMT]</a> and has been in use for about 6 years.</p>
   <h2 class="heading settled" data-level="11" id="wording"><span class="secno">11. </span><span class="content">Wording</span><a class="self-link" href="#wording"></a></h2>
   <p>Add an entry for <code class="highlight"><c- n>__cpp_lib_print</c-></code> to section "Header <code class="highlight"><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>version</c-><c- o>></c-></code> synopsis <a href="http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2020/n4861.pdf#subsection.17.3.2">[version.syn</a>]",
in a place that respects the table’s current alphabetic order:</p>
<pre class="highlight"><ins><c- cp>#define __cpp_lib_print  202005L **placeholder**  </c-><c- c1>// also in &lt;format></c-></ins>
</pre>
   <p>Modify section "Header <code class="highlight"><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>format</c-><c- o>></c-></code> synopsis <a href="http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2020/n4861.pdf#subsection.20.20.1">[format.syn</a>]":</p>
<pre class="highlight"><c- c1>// 20.20.3, formatting functions</c->
<c- p>...</c->
<c- k>template</c-><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>class</c-><c- p>...</c-> <c- n>Args</c-><c- o>></c->
  <c- b>size_t</c-> <c- n>formatted_size</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- k>const</c-> <c- n>locale</c-><c- o>&amp;</c-> <c- n>loc</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>wstring_view</c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- k>const</c-> <c- n>Args</c-><c- o>&amp;</c-><c- p>...</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>);</c->
<ins>
<c- k>template</c-><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>class</c-><c- p>...</c-> <c- n>Args</c-><c- o>></c->
  <c- b>void</c-> <c- n>print</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>string_view</c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- k>const</c-> <c- n>Args</c-><c- o>&amp;</c-><c- p>...</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>);</c->
<c- k>template</c-><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>class</c-><c- p>...</c-> <c- n>Args</c-><c- o>></c->
  <c- b>void</c-> <c- n>print</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- b>FILE</c-><c- o>*</c-> <c- n>stream</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>string_view</c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- k>const</c-> <c- n>Args</c-><c- o>&amp;</c-><c- p>...</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>);</c->

<c- k>template</c-><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>class</c-><c- p>...</c-> <c- n>Args</c-><c- o>></c->
  <c- b>void</c-> <c- n>println</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>string_view</c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- k>const</c-> <c- n>Args</c-><c- o>&amp;</c-><c- p>...</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>);</c->
<c- k>template</c-><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>class</c-><c- p>...</c-> <c- n>Args</c-><c- o>></c->
  <c- b>void</c-> <c- n>println</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- b>FILE</c-><c- o>*</c-> <c- n>stream</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>string_view</c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- k>const</c-> <c- n>Args</c-><c- o>&amp;</c-><c- p>...</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>);</c->

<c- b>void</c-> <c- nf>vprint_unicode</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>string_view</c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>format_args</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>);</c->
<c- b>void</c-> <c- nf>vprint_unicode</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- b>FILE</c-><c- o>*</c-> <c- n>stream</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>string_view</c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>format_args</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>);</c->

<c- b>void</c-> <c- nf>vprint_nonunicode</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>string_view</c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>format_args</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>);</c->
<c- b>void</c-> <c- nf>vprint_nonunicode</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- b>FILE</c-><c- o>*</c-> <c- n>stream</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>string_view</c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>format_args</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>);</c->
</ins></pre>
   <p>Modify section "Header <code class="highlight"><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>ostream</c-><c- o>></c-></code> synopsis <a href="http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2020/n4861.pdf#subsection.29.7.2">[ostream.syn</a>]":</p>
<pre class="highlight"><c- p>...</c->
<c- k>template</c-><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- k>class</c-> <c- nc>charT</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- k>class</c-> <c- nc>traits</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- k>class</c-> <c- nc>T</c-><c- o>></c->
<c- n>basic_ostream</c-><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>charT</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>traits</c-><c- o>>&amp;</c-> <c- k>operator</c-><c- o>&lt;&lt;</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>basic_ostream</c-><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>charT</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>traits</c-><c- o>>&amp;&amp;</c-> <c- n>os</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- k>const</c-> <c- n>T</c-><c- o>&amp;</c-> <c- n>x</c-><c- p>);</c->
<ins>
<c- k>template</c-><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>class</c-><c- p>...</c-> <c- n>Args</c-><c- o>></c->
  <c- b>void</c-> <c- n>print</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>ostream</c-><c- o>&amp;</c-> <c- n>os</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>string_view</c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- k>const</c-> <c- n>Args</c-><c- o>&amp;</c-><c- p>...</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>);</c->
<c- k>template</c-><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>class</c-><c- p>...</c-> <c- n>Args</c-><c- o>></c->
  <c- b>void</c-> <c- n>println</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>ostream</c-><c- o>&amp;</c-> <c- n>os</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>string_view</c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- k>const</c-> <c- n>Args</c-><c- o>&amp;</c-><c- p>...</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>);</c->

<c- b>void</c-> <c- nf>vprint_unicode</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>ostream</c-><c- o>&amp;</c-> <c- n>os</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>string_view</c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>format_args</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>);</c->
<c- b>void</c-> <c- nf>vprint_nonunicode</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>ostream</c-><c- o>&amp;</c-> <c- n>os</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>string_view</c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>format_args</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>);</c->
</ins></pre>
   <p>Modify section "Formatting functions <a href="http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2020/n4861.pdf#subsection.20.20.4">[format.functions</a>]":</p>
<pre class="highlight"><c- k>template</c-><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>class</c-><c- p>...</c-> <c- n>Args</c-><c- o>></c->
  <c- b>size_t</c-> <c- n>formatted_size</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- k>const</c-> <c- n>locale</c-><c- o>&amp;</c-> <c- n>loc</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>wstring_view</c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- k>const</c-> <c- n>Args</c-><c- o>&amp;</c-><c- p>...</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>);</c->
</pre>
   ... 
   <p><span class="parnum">25</span> <em>Throws:</em> As specified in <a href="http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2020/n4861.pdf#subsection.20.20.3">20.20.3</a>.</p>
<pre class="highlight"><ins><c- k>template</c-><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>class</c-><c- p>...</c-> <c- n>Args</c-><c- o>></c->
  <c- b>void</c-> <c- n>print</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>string_view</c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- k>const</c-> <c- n>Args</c-><c- o>&amp;</c-><c- p>...</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>);</c->
</ins></pre>
   <p>
    <span class="parnum">26</span> 
    <ins><em>Effects:</em> Equivalent to:</ins>
   </p>
<pre class="highlight"><ins>  <c- n>print</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>stdout</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>make_format_args</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>args</c-><c- p>...));</c->
</ins></pre>
<pre class="highlight"><ins><c- k>template</c-><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>class</c-><c- p>...</c-> <c- n>Args</c-><c- o>></c->
  <c- b>void</c-> <c- n>print</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- b>FILE</c-><c- o>*</c-> <c- n>stream</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>string_view</c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- k>const</c-> <c- n>Args</c-><c- o>&amp;</c-><c- p>...</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>);</c->
</ins></pre>
   <p>
    <span class="parnum">27</span> 
    <ins><em>Effects:</em> If string literal encoding is UTF-8, equivalent to:</ins>
   </p>
<pre class="highlight"><ins>  <c- n>vprint_unicode</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>stream</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>make_format_args</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>args</c-><c- p>...));</c->
</ins></pre>
   <ins>Otherwise, equivalent to:</ins>
<pre class="highlight"><ins>  <c- n>vprint_nonunicode</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>stream</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>make_format_args</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>args</c-><c- p>...));</c->
</ins></pre>
<pre class="highlight"><ins><c- k>template</c-><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>class</c-><c- p>...</c-> <c- n>Args</c-><c- o>></c->
  <c- b>void</c-> <c- n>println</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>string_view</c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- k>const</c-> <c- n>Args</c-><c- o>&amp;</c-><c- p>...</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>);</c->
</ins></pre>
   <p>
    <span class="parnum">28</span> 
    <ins><em>Effects:</em> Equivalent to:</ins>
   </p>
<pre class="highlight"><ins>  <c- n>print</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- s>"{}</c-><c- se>\n</c-><c- s>"</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>format</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>...));</c->
</ins></pre>
<pre class="highlight"><ins><c- k>template</c-><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>class</c-><c- p>...</c-> <c- n>Args</c-><c- o>></c->
  <c- b>void</c-> <c- n>println</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- b>FILE</c-><c- o>*</c-> <c- n>stream</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>string_view</c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- k>const</c-> <c- n>Args</c-><c- o>&amp;</c-><c- p>...</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>);</c->
</ins></pre>
   <p>
    <span class="parnum">29</span> 
    <ins><em>Effects:</em> Equivalent to:</ins>
   </p>
<pre class="highlight"><ins>  <c- n>print</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>stream</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- s>"{}</c-><c- se>\n</c-><c- s>"</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>format</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>...));</c->
</ins></pre>
<pre class="highlight"><ins><c- b>void</c-> <c- nf>vprint_unicode</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>string_view</c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>format_args</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>);</c->
</ins></pre>
   <p>
    <span class="parnum">30</span> 
    <ins><em>Effects:</em> <em>Equivalent to</em>:</ins>
   </p>
<pre class="highlight"><ins>  <c- n>vprint_unicode</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>stdout</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>));</c->
</ins></pre>
<pre class="highlight"><ins><c- b>void</c-> <c- nf>vprint_unicode</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- b>FILE</c-><c- o>*</c-> <c- n>stream</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>string_view</c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>format_args</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>);</c->
</ins></pre>
   <ins> <span class="parnum">31</span> <em>Effects:</em> Let <code class="highlight"><c- n>out</c-> <c- o>=</c-> <c- n>vformat</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>)</c-></code>. If <code class="highlight"><c- n>stream</c-></code> refers to a terminal
[ Note: On POSIX and Windows meaning that <code class="highlight"><c- n>isatty</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>fileno</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>stream</c-><c- p>))</c-></code> and <code class="highlight"><c- n>_isatty</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>_fileno</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>stream</c-><c- p>))</c-></code> return 1 respectively. — end note ] capable of
displaying Unicode, writes <code class="highlight"><c- n>out</c-></code> to the terminal using the native Unicode API.
[ Note: On Windows this API is <code class="highlight"><c- n>WriteConsoleW</c-></code>. — end note ]
If this requires transcoding then invalid code points are substituted with 
U+FFFD � REPLACEMENT CHARACTER. Otherwise writes <code class="highlight"><c- n>out</c-></code> to <code class="highlight"><c- n>stream</c-></code> unchanged. </ins>
   <p>
    <ins> <em>Throws:</em> As specified in <a href="http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2020/n4861.pdf#subsection.20.20.3">[format.err.report</a>]
or <code class="highlight"><c- n>system_error</c-></code> if a call by the implementation to an operating system or
other underlying API results in an error that prevents the function from meeting
its specifications. </ins>
   </p>
<pre class="highlight"><ins><c- b>void</c-> <c- nf>vprint_nonunicode</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>string_view</c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>format_args</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>);</c->
</ins></pre>
   <p>
    <span class="parnum">32</span> 
    <ins><em>Effects:</em> <em>Equivalent to</em>:</ins>
   </p>
<pre class="highlight"><ins>  <c- n>vprint_nonunicode</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>stdout</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>));</c->
</ins></pre>
<pre class="highlight"><ins><c- b>void</c-> <c- nf>vprint_nonunicode</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- b>FILE</c-><c- o>*</c-> <c- n>stream</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>string_view</c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>format_args</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>);</c->
</ins></pre>
   <ins> <span class="parnum">33</span> <em>Effects:</em> Writes the result of <code class="highlight"><c- n>vformat</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>)</c-></code> to <code class="highlight"><c- n>stream</c-></code>. </ins>
   <p>
    <ins> <em>Throws:</em> As specified in <a href="http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2020/n4861.pdf#subsection.20.20.3">[format.err.report</a>]
or <code class="highlight"><c- n>system_error</c-></code> if a call by the implementation to an operating system or
other underlying API results in an error that prevents the function from meeting
its specifications. </ins>
   </p>
   <p>Add subsection "Print [ostream.formatted.print]" to
"Formatted output functions <a href="http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2020/n4861.pdf#subsubsection.29.7.5.2">[ostream.formatted</a>]":</p>
<pre class="highlight"><ins><c- k>template</c-><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>class</c-><c- p>...</c-> <c- n>Args</c-><c- o>></c->
  <c- b>void</c-> <c- n>print</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>ostream</c-><c- o>&amp;</c-> <c- n>os</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>string_view</c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- k>const</c-> <c- n>Args</c-><c- o>&amp;</c-><c- p>...</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>);</c->
</ins></pre>
   <p>
    <span class="parnum">1</span> 
    <ins><em>Effects:</em> If string literal encoding is UTF-8, equivalent to:</ins>
   </p>
<pre class="highlight"><ins>  <c- n>vprint_unicode</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>os</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>make_format_args</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>args</c-><c- p>...));</c->
</ins></pre>
   <ins>Otherwise, equivalent to:</ins>
<pre class="highlight"><ins>  <c- n>vprint_nonunicode</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>os</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>make_format_args</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>args</c-><c- p>...));</c->
</ins></pre>
<pre class="highlight"><ins><c- b>void</c-> <c- nf>vprint_unicode</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>ostream</c-><c- o>&amp;</c-> <c- n>os</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>string_view</c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>format_args</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>);</c->
</ins></pre>
   <ins> <span class="parnum">2</span> <em>Effects:</em> Let <code class="highlight"><c- n>out</c-> <c- o>=</c-> <c- n>vformat</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>os</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>getloc</c-><c- p>(),</c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>)</c-></code>. If <code class="highlight"><c- n>os</c-></code> is a file stream (its
associated stream buffer is an instance of <code class="highlight"><c- n>basic_filebuf</c-></code>) that refers to a
terminal capable of displaying Unicode, writes <code class="highlight"><c- n>out</c-></code> transcoded to the native
system Unicode encoding to the terminal using the native API that preserves the
encoding. Otherwise writes <code class="highlight"><c- n>out</c-></code> to <code class="highlight"><c- n>stream</c-></code> without transcoding. </ins>
   <p>
    <ins> <em>Throws:</em> As specified in <a href="http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2020/n4861.pdf#subsection.20.20.3">[format.err.report</a>]
or <code class="highlight"><c- n>system_error</c-></code> if a call by the implementation to an operating system or
other underlying API results in an error that prevents the function from meeting
its specifications. </ins>
   </p>
<pre class="highlight"><ins><c- b>void</c-> <c- nf>vprint_nonunicode</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>ostream</c-><c- o>&amp;</c-> <c- n>os</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>string_view</c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>format_args</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>);</c->
</ins></pre>
   <ins> <span class="parnum">3</span> <em>Effects:</em> Writes the result of <code class="highlight"><c- n>vformat</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>os</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>getloc</c-><c- p>(),</c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>)</c-></code> to <code class="highlight"><c- n>os</c-></code>. </ins>
   <p>
    <ins> <em>Throws:</em> As specified in <a href="http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2020/n4861.pdf#subsection.20.20.3">[format.err.report</a>]
or <code class="highlight"><c- n>system_error</c-></code> if a call by the implementation to an operating system or
other underlying API results in an error that prevents the function from meeting
its specifications. </ins>
   </p>
   <h2 class="heading settled" id="lst"><span class="content">Appendix A: Unicode tests</span><a class="self-link" href="#lst"></a></h2>
   <p>This appendix gives full listings of programs for testing Unicode handling in
various formatting facilities as well as test commands and their output on
different platforms. The code contains additional sanity checks to ensure that
the strings are encoded in some form of UTF as opposed to a legacy encoding.</p>
   <p>C (<code class="highlight"><c- n>test</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>c</c-></code>):</p>
<pre class="language-c highlight"><c- cp>#include</c-> &lt;stdio.h>
<c- cp>#include</c-> &lt;stdlib.h>

<c- b>int</c-> <c- nf>main</c-><c- p>()</c-> <c- p>{</c->
  <c- k>const</c-> <c- b>char</c-><c- o>*</c-> <c- n>message</c-> <c- o>=</c-> <c- s>"Привет, κόσμος!</c-><c- se>\n</c-><c- s>"</c-><c- p>;</c->
  <c- k>if</c-> <c- p>((</c-><c- b>unsigned</c-> <c- b>char</c-><c- p>)</c-><c- n>message</c-><c- p>[</c-><c- mi>0</c-><c- p>]</c-> <c- o>!=</c-> <c- mh>0xD0</c-> <c- o>&amp;&amp;</c-> <c- p>(</c-><c- b>unsigned</c-> <c- b>char</c-><c- p>)</c-><c- n>message</c-><c- p>[</c-><c- mi>1</c-><c- p>]</c-> <c- o>!=</c-> <c- mh>0x9F</c-><c- p>)</c->
    <c- n>abort</c-><c- p>();</c->
  <c- n>printf</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>message</c-><c- p>);</c->
<c- p>}</c->
</pre>
   <p>Go (<code class="highlight"><c- n>test</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>go</c-></code>):</p>
<pre class="language-go highlight"><c- kn>package</c-> main

<c- kn>import</c-> <c- s>"fmt"</c->
<c- kn>import</c-> <c- s>"log"</c->

<c- a>func</c-> main<c- p>()</c-> <c- p>{</c->
  <c- a>var</c-> message <c- p>=</c-> <c- s>"Привет, κόσμος!"</c->
  <c- k>if</c-> message<c- p>[</c-><c- mi>0</c-><c- p>]</c-> <c- o>!=</c-> <c- mh>0xD0</c-> <c- o>&amp;&amp;</c-> message<c- p>[</c-><c- mi>1</c-><c- p>]</c-> <c- o>!=</c-> <c- mh>0x9F</c-> <c- p>{</c->
    log<c- p>.</c->Fatal<c- p>(</c-><c- s>"wrong encoding"</c-><c- p>)</c->
  <c- p>}</c->
  fmt<c- p>.</c->Println<c- p>(</c->message<c- p>)</c->
<c- p>}</c->
</pre>
   <p>Java (<code class="highlight"><c- n>Test</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>java</c-></code>):</p>
<pre class="language-java highlight"><c- a>class</c-> <c- nc>Test</c-> <c- p>{</c->
  <c- a>public</c-> <c- a>static</c-> <c- b>void</c-> <c- nf>main</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>String</c-><c- o>[]</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>)</c-> <c- p>{</c->
    <c- n>String</c-> <c- n>message</c-> <c- o>=</c-> <c- s>"Привет, κόσμος!\n"</c-><c- p>;</c->
    <c- k>if</c-> <c- p>(</c-><c- n>message</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- e>charAt</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- mi>0</c-><c- p>)</c-> <c- o>!=</c-> <c- mh>0x41F</c-><c- p>)</c-> <c- k>throw</c-> <c- k>new</c-> <c- n>RuntimeException</c-><c- p>();</c->
    <c- n>System</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- e>out</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- e>print</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>message</c-><c- p>);</c->
  <c- p>}</c->
<c- p>}</c->
</pre>
   <p>JavaScript / Node.js (<code class="highlight"><c- n>test</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>js</c-></code>):</p>
<pre class="language-js highlight">message <c- o>=</c-> <c- u>"Привет, κόσμος!"</c-><c- p>;</c->
<c- k>if</c-> <c- p>(</c->message<c- p>.</c->charCodeAt<c- p>(</c-><c- mi>0</c-><c- p>)</c-> <c- o>!=</c-> <c- mh>0x41F</c-><c- p>)</c-> <c- k>throw</c-> <c- u>"wrong encoding"</c-><c- p>;</c->
console<c- p>.</c->log<c- p>(</c->message<c- p>);</c->
</pre>
   <p>Python (<code class="highlight"><c- n>test</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>py</c-></code>):</p>
<pre class="language-python highlight"><c- n>message</c-> <c- o>=</c-> <c- u>"Привет, κόσμος!"</c->
<c- k>if</c-> ord<c- p>(</c-><c- n>message</c-><c- p>[</c-><c- mi>0</c-><c- p>])</c-> <c- o>!=</c-> <c- mh>0x41F</c-><c- p>:</c->
    <c- k>raise</c-> <c- ne>Exception</c-><c- p>()</c->
print<c- p>(</c-><c- n>message</c-><c- p>)</c->
</pre>
   <p>Rust (<code class="highlight"><c- n>test</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>rs</c-></code>):</p>
<pre class="language-rust highlight"><c- k>fn</c-> <c- nf>main</c-><c- p>()</c-> <c- p>{</c->
  <c- k>if</c-> <c- s>"Привет, κόσμος!"</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>chars</c-><c- p>().</c-><c- n>nth</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- mi>0</c-><c- p>).</c-><c- n>unwrap</c-><c- p>()</c-> <c- k>as</c-> <c- b>u32</c-> <c- o>!=</c-> <c- mh>0x41F</c-> <c- p>{</c->
    <c- n>panic</c-><c- o>!</c-><c- p>();</c->
  <c- p>}</c->
  <c- n>println</c-><c- o>!</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- s>"Привет, κόσμος!"</c-><c- p>);</c->
<c- p>}</c->
</pre>
   <p>Linux:</p>
<pre class="highlight">$ <c- n>cc</c-> <c- n>test</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>c</c-> <c- o>-</c-><c- n>o</c-> <c- n>c</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>test</c->
$ <c- p>.</c-><c- o>/</c-><c- n>c</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>test</c->
Привет<c- p>,</c-> κόσμος<c- o>!</c->
$ <c- p>.</c-><c- o>/</c-><c- n>c</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>test</c-> <c- o>></c-> <c- n>out</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>c</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>linux</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>txt</c->

$ <c- n>go</c-> <c- n>build</c-> <c- o>-</c-><c- n>o</c-> <c- n>go</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>test</c-> <c- n>test</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>go</c->
$ <c- p>.</c-><c- o>/</c-><c- n>go</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>test</c->
Привет<c- p>,</c-> κόσμος<c- o>!</c->
$ <c- p>.</c-><c- o>/</c-><c- n>go</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>test</c-> <c- o>></c-> <c- n>out</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>go</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>linux</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>txt</c->

$ <c- n>java</c-> <c- n>Test</c->
Привет<c- p>,</c-> κόσμος<c- o>!</c->
$ <c- n>java</c-> <c- n>Test</c-> <c- o>></c-> <c- n>out</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>java</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>linux</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>txt</c->

$ <c- n>node</c-> <c- n>test</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>js</c->
Привет<c- p>,</c-> κόσμος<c- o>!</c->
$ <c- n>node</c-> <c- n>test</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>js</c-> <c- o>></c-> <c- n>out</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>js</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>linux</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>txt</c->

$ <c- n>python3</c-> <c- n>test</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>py</c->
Привет<c- p>,</c-> κόσμος<c- o>!</c->
$ <c- n>python3</c-> <c- n>test</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>py</c-> <c- o>></c-> <c- n>out</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>py</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>linux</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>txt</c->

$ <c- n>rustc</c-> <c- n>test</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>rs</c-> <c- o>-</c-><c- n>o</c-> <c- n>rust</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>test</c->
$ <c- p>.</c-><c- o>/</c-><c- n>rust</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>test</c->
Привет<c- p>,</c-> κόσμος<c- o>!</c->
$ <c- p>.</c-><c- o>/</c-><c- n>rust</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>test</c-> <c- o>></c-> <c- n>out</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>rust</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>linux</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>txt</c->
</pre>
   <p>All output files are in UTF-8:</p>
   <ul>
    <li data-md>
     <p><a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vitaut/unicode-test/main/out-c-linux.txt">out-c-linux.txt</a></p>
    <li data-md>
     <p><a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vitaut/unicode-test/main/out-go-linux.txt">out-go-linux.txt</a></p>
    <li data-md>
     <p><a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vitaut/unicode-test/main/out-java-linux.txt">out-java-linux.txt</a></p>
    <li data-md>
     <p><a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vitaut/unicode-test/main/out-js-linux.txt">out-js-linux.txt</a></p>
    <li data-md>
     <p><a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vitaut/unicode-test/main/out-py-linux.txt">out-py-linux.txt</a></p>
    <li data-md>
     <p><a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vitaut/unicode-test/main/out-rust-linux.txt">out-rust-linux.txt</a></p>
   </ul>
   <p>Linux configuration:</p>
   <ul>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Ubuntu Focal 20.04 with the ru_RU.UTF-8 locale</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>cc: gcc 9.3.0</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>go: go1.13.8</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>java: openjdk 11.0.9.1</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>node: v14.5.0</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>python3: 3.7.5</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>rustc: 1.47.0</p>
   </ul>
   <p>macOS:</p>
<pre class="highlight"><c- o>%</c-> <c- n>cc</c-> <c- n>test</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>c</c-> <c- o>-</c-><c- n>o</c-> <c- n>c</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>test</c->
<c- o>%</c-> <c- p>.</c-><c- o>/</c-><c- n>c</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>test</c->
Привет<c- p>,</c-> κόσμος<c- o>!</c->
<c- o>%</c-> <c- p>.</c-><c- o>/</c-><c- n>c</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>test</c-> <c- o>></c-> <c- n>out</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>c</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>macos</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>txt</c->

<c- o>%</c-> <c- n>go</c-> <c- n>build</c-> <c- o>-</c-><c- n>o</c-> <c- n>test</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>go</c-> <c- n>test</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>go</c->
<c- o>%</c-> <c- p>.</c-><c- o>/</c-><c- n>test</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>go</c->
Привет<c- p>,</c-> κόσμος<c- o>!</c->
<c- o>%</c-> <c- p>.</c-><c- o>/</c-><c- n>test</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>go</c-> <c- o>></c-> <c- n>out</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>go</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>macos</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>txt</c->

<c- o>%</c-> <c- n>java</c-> <c- n>Test</c->
Привет<c- p>,</c-> κόσμος<c- o>!</c->
<c- o>%</c-> <c- n>java</c-> <c- n>Test</c-> <c- o>></c-> <c- n>out</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>java</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>macos</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>txt</c->

<c- o>%</c-> <c- n>node</c-> <c- n>test</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>js</c->
Привет<c- p>,</c-> κόσμος<c- o>!</c->
<c- o>%</c-> <c- n>node</c-> <c- n>test</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>js</c-> <c- o>></c-> <c- n>out</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>js</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>macos</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>txt</c->

<c- o>%</c-> <c- n>python3</c-> <c- n>test</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>py</c->
Привет<c- p>,</c-> κόσμος<c- o>!</c->
<c- o>%</c-> <c- n>python3</c-> <c- n>test</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>py</c-> <c- o>></c-> <c- n>out</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>py</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>macos</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>txt</c->

<c- o>%</c-> <c- n>rustc</c-> <c- n>test</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>rs</c-> <c- o>-</c-><c- n>o</c-> <c- n>rust</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>test</c->
<c- o>%</c-> <c- p>.</c-><c- o>/</c-><c- n>rust</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>test</c->
Привет<c- p>,</c-> κόσμος<c- o>!</c->
<c- o>%</c-> <c- p>.</c-><c- o>/</c-><c- n>rust</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>test</c-> <c- o>></c-> <c- n>out</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>rust</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>macos</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>txt</c->
</pre>
   <p>All output files are in UTF-8:</p>
   <ul>
    <li data-md>
     <p><a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vitaut/unicode-test/main/out-c-macos.txt">out-c-macos.txt</a></p>
    <li data-md>
     <p><a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vitaut/unicode-test/main/out-go-macos.txt">out-go-macos.txt</a></p>
    <li data-md>
     <p><a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vitaut/unicode-test/main/out-java-macos.txt">out-java-macos.txt</a></p>
    <li data-md>
     <p><a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vitaut/unicode-test/main/out-js-macos.txt">out-js-macos.txt</a></p>
    <li data-md>
     <p><a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vitaut/unicode-test/main/out-py-macos.txt">out-py-macos.txt</a></p>
    <li data-md>
     <p><a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vitaut/unicode-test/main/out-rust-macos.txt">out-rust-macos.txt</a></p>
   </ul>
   <p>macOS configuration:</p>
   <ul>
    <li data-md>
     <p>macOS Catalina 10.15.7 with the ru_RU.UTF-8 locale which is the default for
Russian</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>cc: Apple clang version 12.0.0 (clang-1200.0.32.27)</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>go: go1.15.5</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>java: openjdk 14.0.1</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>node: v14.5.0</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>python3: 3.7.5</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>rustc: 1.47.0</p>
   </ul>
   <p>Windows:</p>
<pre class="highlight"><c- o>></c-><c- n>cl</c-> <c- o>/</c-><c- nl>Fe</c-><c- p>:</c-><c- n>c</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>test</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>exe</c-> <c- n>test</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>c</c->
<c- p>...</c->
<c- o>></c-><c- n>c</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>test</c->
╨Я╤А╨╕╨▓╨╡╤В<c- p>,</c-> ╬║╧М╧Г╬╝╬┐╧В<c- o>!</c->
<c- o>></c-><c- n>c</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>test</c-> <c- o>></c-> <c- n>out</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>c</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>windows</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>txt</c->
<c- o>></c-><c- n>c</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>test</c-> <c- o>|</c-> <c- n>findstr</c-> <c- p>,</c->
╨Я╤А╨╕╨▓╨╡╤В<c- p>,</c-> ╬║╧М╧Г╬╝╬┐╧В<c- o>!</c->

<c- o>></c-><c- n>go</c-> <c- n>build</c-> <c- o>-</c-><c- n>o</c-> <c- n>go</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>test</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>exe</c-> <c- n>test</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>go</c->
<c- o>></c-><c- n>go</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>test</c->
Привет<c- p>,</c-> κόσμος<c- o>!</c->
<c- o>></c-><c- n>go</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>test</c-> <c- o>></c-> <c- n>out</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>go</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>windows</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>txt</c->
<c- o>></c-><c- n>go</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>test</c-> <c- o>|</c-> <c- n>findstr</c-> <c- p>,</c->
╨Я╤А╨╕╨▓╨╡╤В<c- p>,</c-> ╬║╧М╧Г╬╝╬┐╧В<c- o>!</c->

<c- o>></c-><c- n>java</c-> <c- n>Test</c->
Привет<c- p>,</c-> <c- o>??????!</c->
<c- o>></c-><c- n>java</c-> <c- n>Test</c-> <c- o>></c-> <c- n>out</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>java</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>windows</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>txt</c->
<c- o>></c-><c- n>java</c-> <c- n>Test</c-> <c- o>|</c-> <c- n>findstr</c-> <c- p>,</c->
╧ЁштхЄ<c- p>,</c-> <c- o>??????!</c->

<c- o>></c-><c- n>node</c-> <c- n>test</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>js</c->
Привет<c- p>,</c-> κόσμος<c- o>!</c->
<c- o>></c-><c- n>node</c-> <c- n>test</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>js</c-> <c- o>></c-> <c- n>out</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>js</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>windows</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>txt</c->
<c- o>></c-><c- n>node</c-> <c- n>test</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>js</c-> <c- o>|</c-> <c- n>findstr</c-> <c- p>,</c->
╨Я╤А╨╕╨▓╨╡╤В<c- p>,</c-> ╬║╧М╧Г╬╝╬┐╧В<c- o>!</c->

<c- o>></c-><c- n>python</c-> <c- n>test</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>py</c->
Привет<c- p>,</c-> κόσμος<c- o>!</c->
<c- o>></c-><c- n>python</c-> <c- n>test</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>py</c-> <c- o>></c-> <c- n>out</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>py</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>windows</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>txt</c->
<c- n>Traceback</c-> <c- p>(</c-><c- n>most</c-> <c- n>recent</c-> <c- n>call</c-> <c- n>last</c-><c- p>)</c-><c- o>:</c->
  <c- n>File</c-> <c- s>"...</c-><c- se>\t</c-><c- s>est.py"</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>line</c-> <c- mi>4</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>in</c-> <c- o>&lt;</c-><c- k>module</c-><c- o>></c->
    <c- n>print</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>message</c-><c- p>)</c->
  <c- n>File</c-> <c- s>"...\Python39\lib\encodings\cp1251.py"</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>line</c-> <c- mi>19</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>in</c-> <c- n>encode</c->
    <c- k>return</c-> <c- n>codecs</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>charmap_encode</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>input</c-><c- p>,</c-><c- n>self</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>errors</c-><c- p>,</c-><c- n>encoding_table</c-><c- p>)[</c-><c- mi>0</c-><c- p>]</c->
<c- nl>UnicodeEncodeError</c-><c- p>:</c-> '<c- n>charmap</c->' <c- n>codec</c-> <c- n>can</c->’<c- n>t</c-> <c- n>encode</c-> <c- n>characters</c-> <c- n>in</c-> <c- n>position</c-> <c- mi>8</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- mi>13</c-><c- o>:</c-> <c- n>character</c-> <c- n>maps</c-> <c- n>to</c-> <c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>undefined</c-><c- o>></c->
<c- o>></c-><c- n>python</c-> <c- n>test</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>py</c-> <c- o>|</c-> <c- n>findstr</c-> <c- p>,</c->
<c- n>Traceback</c-> <c- p>(</c-><c- n>most</c-> <c- n>recent</c-> <c- n>call</c-> <c- n>last</c-><c- p>)</c-><c- o>:</c->
  <c- n>File</c-> <c- s>"...</c-><c- se>\t</c-><c- s>est.py"</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>line</c-> <c- mi>4</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>in</c-> <c- o>&lt;</c-><c- k>module</c-><c- o>></c->
    <c- n>print</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>message</c-><c- p>)</c->
  <c- n>File</c-> <c- s>"...\Python39\lib\encodings\cp1251.py"</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>line</c-> <c- mi>19</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>in</c-> <c- n>encode</c->
    <c- k>return</c-> <c- n>codecs</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>charmap_encode</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>input</c-><c- p>,</c-><c- n>self</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>errors</c-><c- p>,</c-><c- n>encoding_table</c-><c- p>)[</c-><c- mi>0</c-><c- p>]</c->
<c- nl>UnicodeEncodeError</c-><c- p>:</c-> '<c- n>charmap</c->' <c- n>codec</c-> <c- n>can</c->’<c- n>t</c-> <c- n>encode</c-> <c- n>characters</c-> <c- n>in</c-> <c- n>position</c-> <c- mi>8</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- mi>13</c-><c- o>:</c-> <c- n>character</c-> <c- n>maps</c-> <c- n>to</c-> <c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>undefined</c-><c- o>></c->

<c- o>></c-><c- n>rustc</c-> <c- n>test</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>rs</c-> <c- o>-</c-><c- n>o</c-> <c- n>rust</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>test</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>exe</c->
<c- o>></c-><c- n>rust</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>test</c->
Привет<c- p>,</c-> κόσμος<c- o>!</c->
<c- o>></c-><c- n>rust</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>test</c-> <c- o>></c-> <c- n>out</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>rust</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>windows</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>txt</c->
<c- o>></c-><c- n>rust</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>test</c-> <c- o>|</c-> <c- n>findstr</c-> <c- p>,</c->
╨Я╤А╨╕╨▓╨╡╤В<c- p>,</c-> ╬║╧М╧Г╬╝╬┐╧В<c- o>!</c->
</pre>
   <p>C, JavaScript (node.js), Rust and Go produced valid UTF-8 when the output was
redirected to files. Java produced a file in the legacy CP1251 encoding with <code class="highlight"><c- o>?</c-></code> for non-representable code points. Python failed on transcoding to CP1251.
Output files:</p>
   <ul>
    <li data-md>
     <p><a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vitaut/unicode-test/main/out-c-windows.txt">out-c-windows.txt</a></p>
    <li data-md>
     <p><a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vitaut/unicode-test/main/out-go-windows.txt">out-go-windows.txt</a></p>
    <li data-md>
     <p><a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vitaut/unicode-test/main/out-java-windows.txt">out-java-windows.txt</a></p>
    <li data-md>
     <p><a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vitaut/unicode-test/main/out-js-windows.txt">out-js-windows.txt</a></p>
    <li data-md>
     <p><a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vitaut/unicode-test/main/out-py-windows.txt">out-py-windows.txt</a></p>
    <li data-md>
     <p><a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vitaut/unicode-test/main/out-rust-windows.txt">out-rust-windows.txt</a></p>
   </ul>
   <p>Windows configuration:</p>
   <ul>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Windows 10 10.0.19041 with Russian Region and Language settings</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>cl: Microsoft (R) C/C++ Optimizing Compiler Version 19.28.29335</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>go: go1.15.6</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>java: Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 15.0.1+9-18)</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>node: v14.15.3</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>python: 3.9.1</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>rustc: v14.15.3</p>
   </ul>
   <h2 class="heading settled" data-level="12" id="ack"><span class="secno">12. </span><span class="content">Acknowledgements</span><a class="self-link" href="#ack"></a></h2>
   <p>Thanks to Corentin Jabot for his work on text encodings in C++ and in particular <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-p1885">[P1885]</a> that will simplify implementation of the current proposal.</p>
   <p>Thanks to Roger Orr, Peter Brett, the BSI C++ panel and Tom Honermann for their feedback,
support, constructive criticism and contributions to the proposal.</p>
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  <h2 class="no-num no-ref heading settled" id="references"><span class="content">References</span><a class="self-link" href="#references"></a></h2>
  <h3 class="no-num no-ref heading settled" id="informative"><span class="content">Informative References</span><a class="self-link" href="#informative"></a></h3>
  <dl>
   <dt id="biblio-dotnet-write">[DOTNET-WRITE]
   <dd><a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.console.write">.NET documentation, Console.Write Method</a>. URL: <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.console.write">https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.console.write</a>
   <dt id="biblio-encoding-trends">[ENCODING-TRENDS]
   <dd><a href="https://w3techs.com/technologies/history_overview/character_encoding/ms/y">Historical yearly trends in the usage statistics of character encodings for websites</a>. URL: <a href="https://w3techs.com/technologies/history_overview/character_encoding/ms/y">https://w3techs.com/technologies/history_overview/character_encoding/ms/y</a>
   <dt id="biblio-fmt">[FMT]
   <dd>Victor Zverovich; et al. <a href="https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt">The fmt library</a>. URL: <a href="https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt">https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt</a>
   <dt id="biblio-folly">[FOLLY]
   <dd><a href="https://github.com/facebook/folly">Folly: Facebook Open-source Library</a>. URL: <a href="https://github.com/facebook/folly">https://github.com/facebook/folly</a>
   <dt id="biblio-format">[FORMAT]
   <dd>Richard Smith. <a href="https://wg21.link/n4861#section.20.20">Working Draft, Standard for Programming Language C++, Formatting [format]</a>. URL: <a href="https://wg21.link/n4861#section.20.20">https://wg21.link/n4861#section.20.20</a>
   <dt id="biblio-go-fmt">[GO-FMT]
   <dd><a href="https://golang.org/pkg/fmt/">Go Package Documentation, Package fmt</a>. URL: <a href="https://golang.org/pkg/fmt/">https://golang.org/pkg/fmt/</a>
   <dt id="biblio-google-bench">[GOOGLE-BENCH]
   <dd><a href="https://github.com/google/benchmark">Google Benchmark: A microbenchmark support library</a>. URL: <a href="https://github.com/google/benchmark">https://github.com/google/benchmark</a>
   <dt id="biblio-java-print">[JAVA-PRINT]
   <dd><a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/io/PrintStream.html">Java™ Platform, Standard Edition 7 API Specification, Class PrintStream</a>. URL: <a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/io/PrintStream.html">https://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/io/PrintStream.html</a>
   <dt id="biblio-msvc-utf8">[MSVC-UTF8]
   <dd><a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/build/reference/utf-8-set-source-and-executable-character-sets-to-utf-8">Visual C++ Documentation, /utf-8 (Set Source and Executable character sets to UTF-8)</a>. URL: <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/build/reference/utf-8-set-source-and-executable-character-sets-to-utf-8">https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/build/reference/utf-8-set-source-and-executable-character-sets-to-utf-8</a>
   <dt id="biblio-n0147">[N0147]
   <dd><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020124065139/http://www.ncits.org/tc_home/j4htm/cobolv200112.zip">ISO/IEC IS 1989:2001 – Programming language COBOL, 14.8.10 DISPLAY statement</a>. URL: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020124065139/http://www.ncits.org/tc_home/j4htm/cobolv200112.zip">https://web.archive.org/web/20020124065139/http://www.ncits.org/tc_home/j4htm/cobolv200112.zip</a>
   <dt id="biblio-n2162">[N2162]
   <dd>ISO/IEC 1539-1:2018 Information technology — Programming languages — Fortran. 
   <dt id="biblio-n2176">[N2176]
   <dd>ISO/IEC 9899:2017 Programming languages — C, 7.21.6.3. The fprintf function. 
   <dt id="biblio-p0645">[P0645]
   <dd>Victor Zverovich. <a href="https://wg21.link/p0645">Text Formatting</a>. URL: <a href="https://wg21.link/p0645">https://wg21.link/p0645</a>
   <dt id="biblio-p1885">[P1885]
   <dd>Corentin Jabot. <a href="https://wg21.link/p1885">Naming Text Encodings to Demystify Them</a>. URL: <a href="https://wg21.link/p1885">https://wg21.link/p1885</a>
   <dt id="biblio-perl-printf">[PERL-PRINTF]
   <dd><a href="https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/printf.html">Perl 5 version 30.0 documentation, Language reference, printf</a>. URL: <a href="https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/printf.html">https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/printf.html</a>
   <dt id="biblio-php-printf">[PHP-PRINTF]
   <dd><a href="https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.printf.php">PHP Manual, Function Reference, printf</a>. URL: <a href="https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.printf.php">https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.printf.php</a>
   <dt id="biblio-py-func">[PY-FUNC]
   <dd><a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html">The Python Standard Library, Built-in Functions</a>. URL: <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html">https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html</a>
   <dt id="biblio-r-print">[R-PRINT]
   <dd>The R Core Team. <a href="https://cran.r-project.org/doc/manuals/r-release/fullrefman.pdf#page=457">R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, Reference Index, printf</a>. URL: <a href="https://cran.r-project.org/doc/manuals/r-release/fullrefman.pdf#page=457">https://cran.r-project.org/doc/manuals/r-release/fullrefman.pdf#page=457</a>
   <dt id="biblio-ruby-print">[RUBY-PRINT]
   <dd><a href="https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/2.7.0/ARGF.html#method-i-print">Documentation for Ruby, print</a>. URL: <a href="https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/2.7.0/ARGF.html#method-i-print">https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/2.7.0/ARGF.html#method-i-print</a>
   <dt id="biblio-rust-print">[RUST-PRINT]
   <dd><a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/macro.print.html">The Rust Standard Library, Macro std::print</a>. URL: <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/macro.print.html">https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/macro.print.html</a>
   <dt id="biblio-swift-print">[SWIFT-PRINT]
   <dd><a href="https://developer.apple.com/documentation/swift/1541053-print">Swift Standard Library, print</a>. URL: <a href="https://developer.apple.com/documentation/swift/1541053-print">https://developer.apple.com/documentation/swift/1541053-print</a>
   <dt id="biblio-whatwg-console">[WHATWG-CONSOLE]
   <dd><a href="https://console.spec.whatwg.org/">WHATWG Standards, Console</a>. URL: <a href="https://console.spec.whatwg.org/">https://console.spec.whatwg.org/</a>
  </dl>