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  <title>P2093R14: Formatted output</title>
<style data-fill-with="stylesheet">/******************************************************************************
 *                   Style sheet for the W3C specifications                   *
 *
 * Special classes handled by this style sheet include:
 *
 * Indices
 *   - .toc for the Table of Contents (<ol class="toc">)
 *     + <span class="secno"> for the section numbers
 *   - #toc for the Table of Contents (<nav id="toc">)
 *   - ul.index for Indices (<a href="#ref">term</a><span>, in §N.M</span>)
 *   - table.index for Index Tables (e.g. for properties or elements)
 *
 * Structural Markup
 *   - table.data for general data tables
 *     -> use 'scope' attribute, <colgroup>, <thead>, and <tbody> for best results !
 *     -> use <table class='complex data'> for extra-complex tables
 *     -> use <td class='long'> for paragraph-length cell content
 *     -> use <td class='pre'> when manual line breaks/indentation would help readability
 *   - dl.switch for switch statements
 *   - ol.algorithm for algorithms (helps to visualize nesting)
 *   - .figure and .caption (HTML4) and figure and figcaption (HTML5)
 *     -> .sidefigure for right-floated figures
 *   - ins/del
 *     -> ins/del.c### for candidate and proposed changes (amendments)
 *
 * Code
 *   - pre and code
 *
 * Special Sections
 *   - .note       for informative notes             (div, p, span, aside, details)
 *   - .example    for informative examples          (div, p, pre, span)
 *   - .issue      for issues                        (div, p, span)
 *   - .advisement for loud normative statements     (div, p, strong)
 *   - .annoying-warning for spec obsoletion notices (div, aside, details)
 *   - .correction for "candidate corrections"       (div, aside, details, section)
 *   - .addition   for "candidate additions"         (div, aside, details, section)
 *   - .correction.proposed for "proposed corrections" (div, aside, details, section)
 *   - .addition.proposed   for "proposed additions"   (div, aside, details, section)
 *
 * Definition Boxes
 *   - pre.def   for WebIDL definitions
 *   - table.def for tables that define other entities (e.g. CSS properties)
 *   - dl.def    for definition lists that define other entitles (e.g. HTML elements)
 *
 * Numbering
 *   - .secno for section numbers in .toc and headings (<span class='secno'>3.2</span>)
 *   - .marker for source-inserted example/figure/issue numbers (<span class='marker'>Issue 4</span>)
 *   - ::before styled for CSS-generated issue/example/figure numbers:
 *     -> Documents wishing to use this only need to add
 *        figcaption::before,
 *        .caption::before { content: "Figure "  counter(figure) " ";  }
 *        .example::before { content: "Example " counter(example) " "; }
 *        .issue::before   { content: "Issue "   counter(issue) " ";   }
 *
 * Header Stuff (ignore, just don't conflict with these classes)
 *   - .head for the header
 *   - .copyright for the copyright
 *
 * Outdated warning for old specs
 *
 * Miscellaneous
 *   - .overlarge for things that should be as wide as possible, even if
 *     that overflows the body text area. This can be used on an item or
 *     on its container, depending on the effect desired.
 *     Note that this styling basically doesn't help at all when printing,
 *     since A4 paper isn't much wider than the max-width here.
 *     It's better to design things to fit into a narrower measure if possible.
 *
 *   - js-added ToC jump links (see fixup.js)
 *
 ******************************************************************************/

/* color variables included separately for reliability */

/******************************************************************************/
/*                                    Body                                    */
/******************************************************************************/

	html {
	}

	body {
		counter-reset: example figure issue;

		/* Layout */
		max-width: 50em;			  /* limit line length to 50em for readability   */
		margin: 0 auto;				/* center text within page                    */
		padding: 1.6em 1.5em 2em 50px; /* assume 16px font size for downlevel clients */
		padding: 1.6em 1.5em 2em calc(26px + 1.5em); /* leave space for status flag    */

		/* Typography */
		line-height: 1.5;
		font-family: sans-serif;
		widows: 2;
		orphans: 2;
		word-wrap: break-word;
		overflow-wrap: break-word;
		hyphens: auto;

		color: black;
		color: var(--text);
		background: white top left fixed no-repeat;
		background: var(--bg) top left fixed no-repeat;
		background-size: 25px auto;
	}


/******************************************************************************/
/*                         Front Matter & Navigation                          */
/******************************************************************************/

/** Header ********************************************************************/

	div.head { margin-bottom: 1em; }
	div.head hr { border-style: solid; }

	div.head h1 {
		font-weight: bold;
		margin: 0 0 .1em;
		font-size: 220%;
	}

	div.head h2 { margin-bottom: 1.5em;}

/** W3C Logo ******************************************************************/

	.head .logo {
		float: right;
		margin: 0.4rem 0 0.2rem .4rem;
	}

	.head img[src*="logos/W3C"] {
		display: block;
		border: solid #1a5e9a;
		border: solid var(--logo-bg);
		border-width: .65rem .7rem .6rem;
		border-radius: .4rem;
		background: #1a5e9a;
		background: var(--logo-bg);
		color: white;
		color: var(--logo-text);
		font-weight: bold;
	}

	.head a:hover > img[src*="logos/W3C"],
	.head a:focus > img[src*="logos/W3C"] {
		opacity: .8;
	}

	.head a:active > img[src*="logos/W3C"] {
		background: #c00;
		background: var(--logo-active-bg);
		border-color: #c00;
		border-color: var(--logo-active-bg);
	}

	/* see also additional rules in Link Styling section */

/** Copyright *****************************************************************/

	p.copyright,
	p.copyright small { font-size: small; }

/** Back to Top / ToC Toggle **************************************************/

	@media print {
		#toc-nav {
			display: none;
		}
	}
	@media not print {
		#toc-nav {
			position: fixed;
			z-index: 3;
			bottom: 0; left: 0;
			margin: 0;
			min-width: 1.33em;
			border-top-right-radius: 2rem;
			box-shadow: 0 0 2px;
			font-size: 1.5em;
		}
		#toc-nav > a {
			display: block;
			white-space: nowrap;

			height: 1.33em;
			padding: .1em 0.3em;
			margin: 0;

			box-shadow: 0 0 2px;
			border: none;
			border-top-right-radius: 1.33em;

			color: #707070;
			color: var(--tocnav-normal-text);
			background: white;
			background: var(--tocnav-normal-bg);
		}
		#toc-nav > a:hover,
		#toc-nav > a:focus {
			color: black;
			color: var(--tocnav-hover-text);
			background: #f8f8f8;
			background: var(--tocnav-hover-bg);
		}
		#toc-nav > a:active {
			color: #c00;
			color: var(--tocnav-active-text);
			background: white;
			background: var(--tocnav-active-bg);
		}

		#toc-nav > #toc-jump {
			padding-bottom: 2em;
			margin-bottom: -1.9em;
		}

		/* statusbar gets in the way on keyboard focus; remove once browsers fix */
		#toc-nav > a[href="#toc"]:not(:hover):focus:last-child {
			padding-bottom: 1.5rem;
		}

		#toc-nav:not(:hover) > a:not(:focus) > span + span {
			/* Ideally this uses :focus-within on #toc-nav */
			display: none;
		}
		#toc-nav > a > span + span {
			padding-right: 0.2em;
		}
	}

/** ToC Sidebar ***************************************************************/

	/* Floating sidebar */
	@media screen {
		body.toc-sidebar #toc {
			position: fixed;
			top: 0; bottom: 0;
			left: 0;
			width: 23.5em;
			max-width: 80%;
			max-width: calc(100% - 2em - 26px);
			overflow: auto;
			padding: 0 1em;
			padding-left: 42px;
			padding-left: calc(1em + 26px);
			color: black;
			color: var(--tocsidebar-text);
			background: inherit;
			background-color: #f7f8f9;
			background-color: var(--tocsidebar-bg);
			z-index: 1;
			box-shadow: -.1em 0 .25em rgba(0,0,0,.1) inset;
			box-shadow: -.1em 0 .25em var(--tocsidebar-shadow) inset;
		}
		body.toc-sidebar #toc h2 {
			margin-top: .8rem;
			font-variant: small-caps;
			font-variant: all-small-caps;
			text-transform: lowercase;
			font-weight: bold;
			color: gray;
			color: hsla(203,20%,40%,.7);
			color: var(--tocsidebar-heading-text);
		}
		body.toc-sidebar #toc-jump:not(:focus) {
			width: 0;
			height: 0;
			padding: 0;
			position: absolute;
			overflow: hidden;
		}
	}
	/* Hide main scroller when only the ToC is visible anyway */
	@media screen and (max-width: 28em) {
		body.toc-sidebar {
			overflow: hidden;
		}
	}

	/* Sidebar with its own space */
	@media screen and (min-width: 78em) {
		body:not(.toc-inline) #toc {
			position: fixed;
			top: 0; bottom: 0;
			left: 0;
			width: 23.5em;
			overflow: auto;
			padding: 0 1em;
			padding-left: 42px;
			padding-left: calc(1em + 26px);
			color: black;
			color: var(--tocsidebar-text);
			background: inherit;
			background-color: #f7f8f9;
			background-color: var(--tocsidebar-bg);
			z-index: 1;
			box-shadow: -.1em 0 .25em rgba(0,0,0,.1) inset;
			box-shadow: -.1em 0 .25em var(--tocsidebar-shadow) inset;
		}
		body:not(.toc-inline) #toc h2 {
			margin-top: .8rem;
			font-variant: small-caps;
			font-variant: all-small-caps;
			text-transform: lowercase;
			font-weight: bold;
			color: gray;
			color: hsla(203,20%,40%,.7);
			color: var(--tocsidebar-heading-text);
		}

		body:not(.toc-inline) {
			padding-left: 29em;
		}
		/* See also Overflow section at the bottom */

		body:not(.toc-inline) #toc-jump:not(:focus) {
			width: 0;
			height: 0;
			padding: 0;
			position: absolute;
			overflow: hidden;
		}
	}
	@media screen and (min-width: 90em) {
		body:not(.toc-inline) {
			margin: 0 4em;
		}
	}

/******************************************************************************/
/*                                Sectioning                                  */
/******************************************************************************/

/** Headings ******************************************************************/

	h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, dt {
		page-break-after: avoid;
		page-break-inside: avoid;
		font: 100% sans-serif;   /* Reset all font styling to clear out UA styles */
		font-family: inherit;	/* Inherit the font family. */
		line-height: 1.2;		/* Keep wrapped headings compact */
		hyphens: manual;		/* Hyphenated headings look weird */
	}

	h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
		margin-top: 3rem;
	}

	h1, h2, h3 {
		color: #005A9C;
		color: var(--heading-text);
	}

	h1 { font-size: 170%; }
	h2 { font-size: 140%; }
	h3 { font-size: 120%; }
	h4 { font-weight: bold; }
	h5 { font-style: italic; }
	h6 { font-variant: small-caps; }
	dt { font-weight: bold; }

/** Subheadings ***************************************************************/

	h1 + h2,
	#profile-and-date {
		/* #profile-and-date is a subtitle in an H2 under the H1 */
		margin-top: 0;
	}
	h2 + h3,
	h3 + h4,
	h4 + h5,
	h5 + h6 {
		margin-top: 1.2em; /* = 1 x line-height */
	}

/** Section divider ***********************************************************/

	:not(.head) > :not(.head) + hr {
		font-size: 1.5em;
		text-align: center;
		margin: 1em auto;
		height: auto;
		color: black;
		color: var(--hr-text);
		border: transparent solid 0;
		background: transparent;
	}
	:not(.head) > hr::before {
		content: "\2727\2003\2003\2727\2003\2003\2727";
	}

/******************************************************************************/
/*                            Paragraphs and Lists                            */
/******************************************************************************/

	p {
		margin: 1em 0;
	}

	dd > p:first-child,
	li > p:first-child {
		margin-top: 0;
	}

	ul, ol {
		margin-left: 0;
		padding-left: 2em;
	}

	li {
		margin: 0.25em 0 0.5em;
		padding: 0;
	}

	dl dd {
		margin: 0 0 .5em 2em;
	}

	.head dd + dd { /* compact for header */
		margin-top: -.5em;
	}

	/* Style for algorithms */
	ol.algorithm ol:not(.algorithm),
	.algorithm > ol ol:not(.algorithm) {
	border-left: 0.5em solid #DEF;
	border-left: 0.5em solid var(--algo-border);
	}

	/* Put nice boxes around each algorithm. */
	[data-algorithm]:not(.heading) {
	 padding: .5em;
	 border: thin solid #ddd;
	 border: thin solid var(--algo-border);
	 border-radius: .5em;
	 margin: .5em calc(-0.5em - 1px);
	}
	[data-algorithm]:not(.heading) > :first-child {
	 margin-top: 0;
	}
	[data-algorithm]:not(.heading) > :last-child {
	 margin-bottom: 0;
	}

	/* Style for switch/case <dl>s */
	dl.switch > dd > ol.only,
	dl.switch > dd > .only > ol {
	margin-left: 0;
	}
	dl.switch > dd > ol.algorithm,
	dl.switch > dd > .algorithm > ol {
	margin-left: -2em;
	}
	dl.switch {
	padding-left: 2em;
	}
	dl.switch > dt {
	text-indent: -1.5em;
	margin-top: 1em;
	}
	dl.switch > dt + dt {
	margin-top: 0;
	}
	dl.switch > dt::before {
	content: '\21AA';
	padding: 0 0.5em 0 0;
	display: inline-block;
	width: 1em;
	text-align: right;
	line-height: 0.5em;
	}

/** Terminology Markup ********************************************************/


/******************************************************************************/
/*                                 Inline Markup                              */
/******************************************************************************/

/** Terminology Markup ********************************************************/
	dfn   { /* Defining instance */
		font-weight: bolder;
	}
	a > i { /* Instance of term */
		font-style: normal;
	}
	dt dfn code, code.idl {
		font-size: inherit;
	}
	dfn var {
		font-style: normal;
	}

/** Change Marking ************************************************************/

	del {
		color: #aa0000;
		color: var(--del-text);
		background: transparent;
		background: var(--del-bg);
		text-decoration: line-through;
	}
	ins {
		color: #006100;
		color: var(--ins-text);
		background: transparent;
		background: var(--ins-bg);
		text-decoration: underline;
	}

	/* for amendments (candidate/proposed changes) */

	.amendment ins, .correction ins, .addition ins,
	ins[class^=c] {
		text-decoration-style: dotted;
	}
	.amendment del, .correction del, .addition del,
	del[class^=c] {
		text-decoration-style: dotted;
	}
	.amendment.proposed ins, .correction.proposed ins, .addition.proposed ins,
	ins[class^=c].proposed {
		text-decoration-style: double;
	}
	.amendment.proposed del, .correction.proposed del, .addition.proposed del,
	del[class^=c].proposed {
		text-decoration-style: double;
	}

/** Miscellaneous improvements to inline formatting ***************************/

	sup {
		vertical-align: super;
		font-size: 80%
	}

/******************************************************************************/
/*                                    Code                                    */
/******************************************************************************/

/** General monospace/pre rules ***********************************************/

	pre, code, samp {
		font-family: Menlo, Consolas, "DejaVu Sans Mono", Monaco, monospace;
		font-size: .9em;
		hyphens: none;
		text-transform: none;
		text-align: left;
		text-align: start;
		font-variant: normal;
		orphans: 3;
		widows: 3;
		page-break-before: avoid;
	}
	pre code,
	code code {
		font-size: 100%;
	}

	pre {
		margin-top: 1em;
		margin-bottom: 1em;
		overflow: auto;
	}

/** Inline Code fragments *****************************************************/

	/* Do something nice. */

/******************************************************************************/
/*                                    Links                                   */
/******************************************************************************/

/** General Hyperlinks ********************************************************/

	/* We hyperlink a lot, so make it less intrusive */
	a[href] {
		color: #034575;
		color: var(--a-normal-text);
		text-decoration: underline #707070;
		text-decoration: underline var(--a-normal-underline);
		text-decoration-skip-ink: none;
	}
	a:visited {
		color: #034575;
		color: var(--a-visited-text);
		text-decoration-color: #bbb;
		text-decoration-color: var(--a-visited-underline);
	}

	/* Indicate interaction with the link */
	a[href]:focus,
	a[href]:hover {
		text-decoration-thickness: 2px;
	}
	a[href]:active {
		color: #c00;
		color: var(--a-active-text);
		text-decoration-color: #c00;
		text-decoration-color: var(--a-active-underline);
	}

	/* Backout above styling for W3C logo */
	.head .logo,
	.head .logo a {
		border: none;
		text-decoration: none;
		background: transparent;
	}

/******************************************************************************/
/*                                    Images                                  */
/******************************************************************************/

	img {
		border-style: none;
	}

	img, svg {
		/* Intentionally not color-scheme aware. */
		background: white;
	}

	/* For autogen numbers, add
	  .caption::before, figcaption::before { content: "Figure " counter(figure) ". "; }
	*/

	figure, .figure, .sidefigure {
		page-break-inside: avoid;
		text-align: center;
		margin: 2.5em 0;
	}
	.figure img,	.sidefigure img,	figure img,
	.figure object, .sidefigure object, figure object {
		max-width: 100%;
		margin: auto;
		height: auto;
	}
	.figure pre, .sidefigure pre, figure pre {
		text-align: left;
		display: table;
		margin: 1em auto;
	}
	.figure table, figure table {
		margin: auto;
	}
	@media screen and (min-width: 20em) {
		.sidefigure {
			float: right;
			width: 50%;
			margin: 0 0 0.5em 0.5em;
		}
	}
	.caption, figcaption, caption {
		font-style: italic;
		font-size: 90%;
	}
	.caption::before, figcaption::before, figcaption > .marker {
		font-weight: bold;
	}
	.caption, figcaption {
		counter-increment: figure;
	}

	/* DL list is indented 2em, but figure inside it is not */
	dd > .figure, dd > figure { margin-left: -2em; }

/******************************************************************************/
/*                             Colored Boxes                                  */
/******************************************************************************/

	.issue, .note, .example, .assertion, .advisement, blockquote,
	.amendment, .correction, .addition {
		margin: 1em auto;
		padding: .5em;
		border: .5em;
		border-left-style: solid;
		page-break-inside: avoid;
	}
	span.issue, span.note {
		padding: .1em .5em .15em;
		border-right-style: solid;
	}

	blockquote > :first-child,
	.note  > p:first-child,
	.issue > p:first-child,
	.amendment > p:first-child,
	.correction > p:first-child,
	.addition > p:first-child {
		margin-top: 0;
	}
	blockquote > :last-child,
	.note  > p:last-child,
	.issue > p:last-child,
	.amendment > p:last-child,
	.correction > p:last-child,
	.addition > p:last-child {
		margin-bottom: 0;
	}


	.issue::before, .issue > .marker,
	.example::before, .example > .marker,
	.note::before, .note > .marker,
	details.note > summary > .marker,
	.amendment::before, .amendment > .marker,
	details.amendment > summary > .marker,
	.addition::before, .addition > .marker,
	addition.amendment > summary > .marker,
	.correction::before, .correction > .marker,
	correction.amendment > summary > .marker
	{
		text-transform: uppercase;
		padding-right: 1em;
	}

	.example::before, .example > .marker {
		display: block;
		padding-right: 0em;
	}

/** Blockquotes ***************************************************************/

	blockquote {
		border-color: silver;
		border-color: var(--blockquote-border);
		background: transparent;
		background: var(--blockquote-bg);
		color: currentcolor;
		color: var(--blockquote-text);
	}

/** Open issue ****************************************************************/

	.issue {
		border-color: #e05252;
		border-color: var(--issue-border);
		background: #fbe9e9;
		background: var(--issue-bg);
		color: black;
		color: var(--issue-text);
		counter-increment: issue;
		overflow: auto;
	}
	.issue::before, .issue > .marker {
		color: #831616;
		color: var(--issueheading-text);
	}
	/* Add .issue::before { content: "Issue " counter(issue) " "; } for autogen numbers,
	  or use class="marker" to mark up the issue number in source. */

/** Example *******************************************************************/

	.example {
		border-color: #e0cb52;
		border-color: var(--example-border);
		background: #fcfaee;
		background: var(--example-bg);
		color: black;
		color: var(--example-text);
		counter-increment: example;
		overflow: auto;
		clear: both;
	}
	.example::before, .example > .marker {
		color: #574b0f;
		color: var(--exampleheading-text);
	}
	/* Add .example::before { content: "Example " counter(example) " "; } for autogen numbers,
	  or use class="marker" to mark up the example number in source. */

/** Non-normative Note ********************************************************/

	.note {
		border-color: #52e052;
		border-color: var(--note-border);
		background: #e9fbe9;
		background: var(--note-bg);
		color: black;
		color: var(--note-text);
		overflow: auto;
	}

	.note::before, .note > .marker,
	details.note > summary {
		color: hsl(120, 70%, 30%);
		color: var(--noteheading-text);
	}
	/* Add .note::before { content: "Note "; } for autogen label,
	  or use class="marker" to mark up the label in source. */

	details.note[open] > summary {
		border-bottom: 1px silver solid;
		border-bottom: 1px var(--notesummary-underline) solid;
	}

/** Assertion Box *************************************************************/
	/*  for assertions in algorithms */

	.assertion {
		border-color: #AAA;
		border-color: var(--assertion-border);
		background: #EEE;
		background: var(--assertion-bg);
		color: black;
		color: var(--assertion-text);
	}

/** Advisement Box ************************************************************/
	/*  for attention-grabbing normative statements */

	.advisement {
		border-color: orange;
		border-color: var(--advisement-border);
		border-style: none solid;
		background: #fec;
		background: var(--advisement-bg);
		color: black;
		color: var(--advisement-text);
	}
	strong.advisement {
		display: block;
		text-align: center;
	}
	.advisement::before, .advisement > .marker {
		color: #b35f00;
		color: var(--advisementheading-text);
	}

/** Amendment Box *************************************************************/

	.amendment, .correction, .addition {
		border-color: #330099;
		border-color: var(--amendment-border);
		background: #F5F0FF;
		background: var(--amendment-bg);
		color: black;
		color: var(--amendment-text);
	}
	.amendment.proposed, .correction.proposed, .addition.proposed {
		border-style: solid;
		border-block-width: 0.25em;
	}
	.amendment::before, .amendment > .marker,
	details.amendment > summary::before, details.amendment > summary > .marker,
	.correction::before, .correction > .marker,
	details.correction > summary::before, details.correction > summary > .marker,
	.addition::before, .addition > .marker,
	details.addition > summary::before, details.addition > summary > .marker {
		color: #220066;
		color: var(--amendmentheading-text);
	}
	.amendment.proposed::before, .amendment.proposed > .marker,
	details.amendment.proposed > summary::before, details.amendment.proposed > summary > .marker,
	.correction.proposed::before, .correction.proposed > .marker,
	details.correction.proposed > summary::before, details.correction.proposed > summary > .marker,
	.addition.proposed::before, .addition.proposed > .marker,
	details.addition.proposed > summary::before, details.addition.proposed > summary > .marker {
		font-weight: bold;
	}

/** Spec Obsoletion Notice ****************************************************/
	/* obnoxious obsoletion notice for older/abandoned specs. */

	details {
		display: block;
	}
	summary {
		font-weight: bolder;
	}

	.annoying-warning:not(details),
	details.annoying-warning:not([open]) > summary,
	details.annoying-warning[open] {
		background: hsla(40,100%,50%,0.95);
		background: var(--warning-bg);
		color: black;
		color: var(--warning-text);
		padding: .75em 1em;
		border: red;
		border: var(--warning-border);
		border-style: solid none;
		box-shadow: 0 2px 8px black;
		text-align: center;
	}
	.annoying-warning :last-child {
		margin-bottom: 0;
	}

@media not print {
	details.annoying-warning[open] {
		position: fixed;
		left: 0;
		right: 0;
		bottom: 2em;
		z-index: 1000;
	}
}

	details.annoying-warning:not([open]) > summary {
		text-align: center;
	}

/** Entity Definition Boxes ***************************************************/

	.def {
		padding: .5em 1em;
		background: #def;
		background: var(--def-bg);
		margin: 1.2em 0;
		border-left: 0.5em solid #8ccbf2;
		border-left: 0.5em solid var(--def-border);
		color: black;
		color: var(--def-text);
	}

/******************************************************************************/
/*                                    Tables                                  */
/******************************************************************************/

	th, td {
		text-align: left;
		text-align: start;
	}

/** Property/Descriptor Definition Tables *************************************/

	table.def {
		/* inherits .def box styling, see above */
		width: 100%;
		border-spacing: 0;
	}

	table.def td,
	table.def th {
		padding: 0.5em;
		vertical-align: baseline;
		border-bottom: 1px solid #bbd7e9;
		border-bottom: 1px solid var(--defrow-border);
	}

	table.def > tbody > tr:last-child th,
	table.def > tbody > tr:last-child td {
		border-bottom: 0;
	}

	table.def th {
		font-style: italic;
		font-weight: normal;
		padding-left: 1em;
		width: 3em;
	}

	/* For when values are extra-complex and need formatting for readability */
	table td.pre {
		white-space: pre-wrap;
	}

	/* A footnote at the bottom of a def table */
	table.def td.footnote {
		padding-top: 0.6em;
	}
	table.def td.footnote::before {
		content: " ";
		display: block;
		height: 0.6em;
		width: 4em;
		border-top: thin solid;
	}

/** Data tables (and properly marked-up index tables) *************************/
	/*
		<table class="data"> highlights structural relationships in a table
		when correct markup is used (e.g. thead/tbody, th vs. td, scope attribute)

		Use class="complex data" for particularly complicated tables --
		(This will draw more lines: busier, but clearer.)

		Use class="long" on table cells with paragraph-like contents
		(This will adjust text alignment accordingly.)
		Alternately use class="longlastcol" on tables, to have the last column assume "long".
	*/

	table {
		word-wrap: normal;
		overflow-wrap: normal;
		hyphens: manual;
	}

	table.data,
	table.index {
		margin: 1em auto;
		border-collapse: collapse;
		border: hidden;
		width: 100%;
	}
	table.data caption,
	table.index caption {
		max-width: 50em;
		margin: 0 auto 1em;
	}

	table.data td,  table.data th,
	table.index td, table.index th {
		padding: 0.5em 1em;
		border-width: 1px;
		border-color: silver;
		border-color: var(--datacell-border);
		border-top-style: solid;
	}

	table.data thead td:empty {
		padding: 0;
		border: 0;
	}

	table.data  thead,
	table.index thead,
	table.data  tbody,
	table.index tbody {
		border-bottom: 2px solid;
	}

	table.data colgroup,
	table.index colgroup {
		border-left: 2px solid;
	}

	table.data  tbody th:first-child,
	table.index tbody th:first-child  {
		border-right: 2px solid;
		border-top: 1px solid silver;
		border-top: 1px solid var(--datacell-border);
		padding-right: 1em;
	}

	table.data th[colspan],
	table.data td[colspan] {
		text-align: center;
	}

	table.complex.data th,
	table.complex.data td {
		border: 1px solid silver;
		border: 1px solid var(--datacell-border);
		text-align: center;
	}

	table.data.longlastcol td:last-child,
	table.data td.long {
		vertical-align: baseline;
		text-align: left;
	}

	table.data img {
		vertical-align: middle;
	}


/*
Alternate table alignment rules

	table.data,
	table.index {
		text-align: center;
	}

	table.data  thead th[scope="row"],
	table.index thead th[scope="row"] {
		text-align: right;
	}

	table.data  tbody th:first-child,
	table.index tbody th:first-child  {
		text-align: right;
	}

Possible extra rowspan handling

	table.data  tbody th[rowspan]:not([rowspan='1']),
	table.index tbody th[rowspan]:not([rowspan='1']),
	table.data  tbody td[rowspan]:not([rowspan='1']),
	table.index tbody td[rowspan]:not([rowspan='1']) {
		border-left: 1px solid silver;
	}

	table.data  tbody th[rowspan]:first-child,
	table.index tbody th[rowspan]:first-child,
	table.data  tbody td[rowspan]:first-child,
	table.index tbody td[rowspan]:first-child{
		border-left: 0;
		border-right: 1px solid silver;
	}
*/

/******************************************************************************/
/*                                  Indices                                   */
/******************************************************************************/


/** Table of Contents *********************************************************/

	.toc a {
		/* More spacing; use padding to make it part of the click target. */
		padding: 0.1rem 1px 0;
		/* Larger, more consistently-sized click target */
		display: block;
		/* Switch to using border-bottom for underlines */
		text-decoration: none;
		border-bottom: 1px solid;
		/* Reverse color scheme */
		color: black;
		color: var(--toclink-text);
		border-color: #3980b5;
		border-color: var(--toclink-underline);
	}
	.toc a:visited {
		color: black;
		color: var(--toclink-visited-text);
		border-color: #054572;
		border-color: var(--toclink-visited-underline);
	}
	.toc a:focus,
	.toc a:hover {
		background: rgba(75%, 75%, 75%, .25);
		background: var(--a-hover-bg);
		border-bottom-width: 3px;
		margin-bottom: -2px;
	}
	.toc a:not(:focus):not(:hover) {
		/* Allow colors to cascade through from link styling */
		border-bottom-color: transparent;
	}

	.toc, .toc ol, .toc ul, .toc li {
		list-style: none; /* Numbers must be inlined into source */
		/* because generated content isn't search/selectable and markers can't do multilevel yet */
		margin:  0;
		padding: 0;
	}
	.toc {
		line-height: 1.1em;
	}

	/* ToC not indented until third level, but font style & margins show hierarchy */
	.toc > li			{ font-weight: bold;   }
	.toc > li li		 { font-weight: normal; }
	.toc > li li li	  { font-size:   95%;	}
	.toc > li li li li	{ font-size:   90%;	}
	.toc > li li li li li { font-size:   85%;	}

	/* @supports not (display:grid) { */
		.toc > li			{ margin: 1.5rem 0;	}
		.toc > li li		 { margin: 0.3rem 0;	}
		.toc > li li li	  { margin-left: 2rem;   }

		/* Section numbers in a column of their own */
		.toc .secno {
			float: left;
			width: 4rem;
			white-space: nowrap;
		}
		.toc > li li li li .secno { font-size: 85%; }
		.toc > li li li li li .secno { font-size: 100%; }

		.toc li {
			clear: both;
		}

		:not(li) > .toc			 { margin-left:  5rem; }
		.toc .secno				 { margin-left: -5rem; }
		.toc > li li li .secno	  { margin-left: -7rem; }
		.toc > li li li li .secno	{ margin-left: -9rem; }
		.toc > li li li li li .secno { margin-left: -11rem; }

		/* Tighten up indentation in narrow ToCs */
		@media (max-width: 30em) {
			:not(li) > .toc			 { margin-left:  4rem; }
			.toc .secno				 { margin-left: -4rem; }
			.toc > li li li			 { margin-left:  1rem; }
			.toc > li li li .secno	  { margin-left: -5rem; }
			.toc > li li li li .secno	{ margin-left: -6rem; }
			.toc > li li li li li .secno { margin-left: -7rem; }
		}
		/* Loosen it on wide screens */
		@media screen and (min-width: 78em) {
			body:not(.toc-inline) :not(li) > .toc			 { margin-left:  4rem; }
			body:not(.toc-inline) .toc .secno				 { margin-left: -4rem; }
			body:not(.toc-inline) .toc > li li li			 { margin-left:  1rem; }
			body:not(.toc-inline) .toc > li li li .secno	  { margin-left: -5rem; }
			body:not(.toc-inline) .toc > li li li li .secno	{ margin-left: -6rem; }
			body:not(.toc-inline) .toc > li li li li li .secno { margin-left: -7rem; }
	}
	/* } */

	@supports (display:grid) and (display:contents) {
		/* Use #toc over .toc to override non-@supports rules. */
		#toc {
			display: grid;
			align-content: start;
			grid-template-columns: auto 1fr;
			grid-column-gap: 1rem;
			column-gap: 1rem;
			grid-row-gap: .6rem;
			row-gap: .6rem;
		}
		#toc h2 {
			grid-column: 1 / -1;
			margin-bottom: 0;
		}
		#toc ol,
		#toc li,
		#toc a {
			display: contents;
			/* Switch <a> to subgrid when supported */
		}
		#toc span {
			margin: 0;
		}
		#toc > .toc > li > a > span {
			/* The spans of the top-level list,
			  comprising the first items of each top-level section. */
			margin-top: 1.1rem;
		}
		#toc#toc .secno { /* Ugh, need more specificity to override base.css */
			grid-column: 1;
			width: auto;
			margin-left: 0;
		}
		#toc .content {
			grid-column: 2;
			width: auto;
			margin-right: 1rem;
		}
		#toc .content:hover,
		#toc .content:focus {
			background: rgba(75%, 75%, 75%, .25);
			background: var(--a-hover-bg);
			border-bottom: 3px solid #054572;
			border-bottom: 3px solid var(--toclink-underline);
			margin-bottom: -3px;
		}
		#toc li li li .content {
			margin-left: 1rem;
		}
		#toc li li li li .content {
			margin-left: 2rem;
		}
	}


/** Index *********************************************************************/

	/* Index Lists: Layout */
	ul.index	  { margin-left: 0; columns: 15em; text-indent: 1em hanging; }
	ul.index li	{ margin-left: 0; list-style: none; break-inside: avoid; }
	ul.index li li { margin-left: 1em; }
	ul.index dl	{ margin-top: 0; }
	ul.index dt	{ margin: .2em 0 .2em 20px;}
	ul.index dd	{ margin: .2em 0 .2em 40px;}
	/* Index Lists: Typography */
	ul.index ul,
	ul.index dl { font-size: smaller; }
	@media not print {
		ul.index li span:not(.dfn-paneled) {
			white-space: nowrap;
			color: transparent; }
		ul.index li a:hover + span,
		ul.index li a:focus + span {
			color: #707070;
			color: var(--indexinfo-text);
		}
	}

/** Index Tables *****************************************************/
	/* See also the data table styling section, which this effectively subclasses */

	table.index {
		font-size: small;
		border-collapse: collapse;
		border-spacing: 0;
		text-align: left;
		margin: 1em 0;
	}

	table.index td,
	table.index th {
		padding: 0.4em;
	}

	table.index tr:hover td:not([rowspan]),
	table.index tr:hover th:not([rowspan]) {
		color: black;
		color: var(--indextable-hover-text);
		background: #f7f8f9;
		background: var(--indextable-hover-bg);
	}

	/* The link in the first column in the property table (formerly a TD) */
	table.index th:first-child a {
		font-weight: bold;
	}

/** Outdated warning **********************************************************/

.outdated-spec {
	color: black;
	color: var(--outdatedspec-text);
	background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.5);
	background-color: var(--outdatedspec-bg);
}

.outdated-warning {
	position: fixed;
	bottom: 50%;
	left: 0;
	right: 0;
	margin: 0 auto;
	width: 50%;
	background: maroon;
	background: var(--outdated-bg);
	color: white;
	color: var(--outdated-text);
	border-radius: 1em;
	box-shadow: 0 0 1em red;
	box-shadow: 0 0 1em var(--outdated-shadow);
	padding: 2em;
	text-align: center;
	z-index: 2;
}

.outdated-warning a {
	color: currentcolor;
	background: transparent;
}

.edited-rec-warning {
	background: darkorange;
	background: var(--editedrec-bg);
	box-shadow: 0 0 1em;
}

.outdated-warning button {
	color: var(--outdated-text);
	border-radius: 1em;
	box-shadow: 0 0 1em red;
	box-shadow: 0 0 1em var(--outdated-shadow);
	padding: 2em;
	text-align: center;
	z-index: 2;
}

.outdated-warning a {
	color: currentcolor;
	background: transparent;
}

.edited-rec-warning {
	background: darkorange;
	background: var(--editedrec-bg);
	box-shadow: 0 0 1em;
}

.outdated-warning button {
	position: absolute;
	top: 0;
	right:0;
	margin: 0;
	border: 0;
	padding: 0.25em 0.5em;
	background: transparent;
	color: white;
	color: var(--outdated-text);
	font:1em sans-serif;
	text-align:center;
}

.outdated-warning span {
	display: block;
}

.outdated-collapsed {
	bottom: 0;
	border-radius: 0;
	width: 100%;
	padding: 0;
}

/******************************************************************************/
/*                                    Print                                   */
/******************************************************************************/

	@media print {
		/* Pages have their own margins. */
		html {
			margin: 0;
		}
		/* Serif for print. */
		body {
			font-family: serif;
		}

		.outdated-warning {
			position: absolute;
			border-style: solid;
			border-color: red;
		}

		.outdated-warning input {
			display: none;
		}
	}
	@page {
		margin: 1.5cm 1.1cm;
	}



/******************************************************************************/
/*                             Overflow Control                               */
/******************************************************************************/

	.figure .caption, .sidefigure .caption, figcaption {
		/* in case figure is overlarge, limit caption to 50em */
		max-width: 50rem;
		margin-left: auto;
		margin-right: auto;
	}
	.overlarge {
		/* Magic to create good item positioning:
		  "content column" is 50ems wide at max; less on smaller screens.
		  Extra space (after ToC + content) is empty on the right.

		  1. When item < content column, centers item in column.
		  2. When content < item < available, left-aligns.
		  3. When item > available, fills available + scroll bar.
		*/
		display: grid;
		grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 50em);
	}
	.overlarge > table {
		/* limit preferred width of table */
		max-width: 50em;
		margin-left: auto;
		margin-right: auto;
	}

	@media (min-width: 55em) {
		.overlarge {
			margin-right: calc(13px + 26.5rem - 50vw);
			max-width: none;
		}
	}
	@media screen and (min-width: 78em) {
		body:not(.toc-inline) .overlarge {
			/* 30.5em body padding 50em content area */
			margin-right: calc(40em - 50vw) !important;
		}
	}
	@media screen and (min-width: 90em) {
		body:not(.toc-inline) .overlarge {
			/* 4em html margin 30.5em body padding 50em content area */
			margin-right: calc(84.5em - 100vw) !important;
		}
	}

	@media not print {
		.overlarge {
			overflow-x: auto;
			/* See Lea Verou's explanation background-attachment:
			* http://lea.verou.me/2012/04/background-attachment-local/
			*
			background: top left  / 4em 100% linear-gradient(to right,  #ffffff, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)) local,
						top right / 4em 100% linear-gradient(to left, #ffffff, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)) local,
						top left  / 1em 100% linear-gradient(to right,  #c3c3c5, rgba(195, 195, 197, 0)) scroll,
						top right / 1em 100% linear-gradient(to left, #c3c3c5, rgba(195, 195, 197, 0)) scroll,
						white;
			background-repeat: no-repeat;
			*/
		}
	}
</style>
<style type="text/css">
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      padding: 0px 10px;
    }
    th {
      text-align: center;
    }

    del { background: #fcc; color: #000; text-decoration: line-through; }
    ins { background: #cfc; color: #000; }
    blockquote .highlight:not(.idl) { background: initial; margin: initial; padding: 0.5em }
    blockquote ul { background: inherit; }
    blockquote code.highlight:not(.idl) { padding: initial; }
    blockquote c-[a] { color: inherit; } /* Keyword.Declaration */
    blockquote c-[b] { color: inherit; } /* Keyword.Type */
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    blockquote c-[d] { color: inherit; } /* Comment.Multiline */
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    blockquote c-[k] { color: inherit; } /* Keyword */
    blockquote c-[l] { color: inherit; } /* Literal */
    blockquote c-[m] { color: inherit; } /* Literal.Number */
    blockquote c-[n] { color: inherit; } /* Name */
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    blockquote c-[u] { color: inherit; } /* Literal.String.Double */
    blockquote c-[cp] { color: inherit; } /* Comment.Preproc */
    blockquote c-[c1] { color: inherit; } /* Comment.Single */
    blockquote c-[cs] { color: inherit; } /* Comment.Special */
    blockquote c-[kc] { color: inherit; } /* Keyword.Constant */
    blockquote c-[kn] { color: inherit; } /* Keyword.Namespace */
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    blockquote c-[nl] { color: inherit; } /* Name.Label */
    blockquote c-[nn] { color: inherit; } /* Name.Namespace */
    blockquote c-[py] { color: inherit; } /* Name.Property */
    blockquote c-[ow] { color: inherit; } /* Operator.Word */
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    blockquote c-[mf] { color: inherit; } /* Literal.Number.Float */
    blockquote c-[mh] { color: inherit; } /* Literal.Number.Hex */
    blockquote c-[mi] { color: inherit; } /* Literal.Number.Integer */
    blockquote c-[mo] { color: inherit; } /* Literal.Number.Oct */
    blockquote c-[sb] { color: inherit; } /* Literal.String.Backtick */
    blockquote c-[sc] { color: inherit; } /* Literal.String.Char */
    blockquote c-[sd] { color: inherit; } /* Literal.String.Doc */
    blockquote c-[se] { color: inherit; } /* Literal.String.Escape */
    blockquote c-[sh] { color: inherit; } /* Literal.String.Heredoc */
    blockquote c-[si] { color: inherit; } /* Literal.String.Interpol */
    blockquote c-[sx] { color: inherit; } /* Literal.String.Other */
    blockquote c-[sr] { color: inherit; } /* Literal.String.Regex */
    blockquote c-[ss] { color: inherit; } /* Literal.String.Symbol */
    blockquote c-[vc] { color: inherit; } /* Name.Variable.Class */
    blockquote c-[vg] { color: inherit; } /* Name.Variable.Global */
    blockquote c-[vi] { color: inherit; } /* Name.Variable.Instance */
    blockquote c-[il] { color: inherit; } /* Literal.Number.Integer.Long */
  </style>
  <meta content="Bikeshed version 3d6a6fcbb, updated Wed Jun 16 16:19:39 2021 -0700" name="generator">
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 <body class="h-entry">
  <div class="head">
   <p data-fill-with="logo"></p>
   <h1 class="p-name no-ref" id="title">P2093R14<br>Formatted output</h1>
   <h2 class="no-num no-toc no-ref heading settled" id="profile-and-date"><span class="content">Published Proposal, <time class="dt-updated" datetime="2022-03-25">2022-03-25</time></span></h2>
   <div data-fill-with="spec-metadata">
    <dl>
     <dt class="editor">Author:
     <dd class="editor p-author h-card vcard"><a class="p-name fn u-email email" href="mailto:victor.zverovich@gmail.com">Victor Zverovich</a>
     <dt>Audience:
     <dd>LWG
     <dt>Project:
     <dd>ISO/IEC JTC1/SC22/WG21 14882: Programming Language — C++
    </dl>
   </div>
   <div data-fill-with="warning"></div>
   <hr title="Separator for header">
  </div>
  <nav data-fill-with="table-of-contents" id="toc">
   <h2 class="no-num no-toc no-ref" id="contents">Table of Contents</h2>
   <ol class="toc" role="directory">
    <li><a href="#intro"><span class="secno">1</span> <span class="content">Introduction</span></a>
    <li><a href="#hist"><span class="secno">2</span> <span class="content">Revision history</span></a>
    <li><a href="#sg16-polls8"><span class="secno">3</span> <span class="content">SG16 polls (R8)</span></a>
    <li><a href="#sg16-polls6"><span class="secno">4</span> <span class="content">SG16 polls (R6)</span></a>
    <li><a href="#lewg-polls5"><span class="secno">5</span> <span class="content">LEWG polls (R5)</span></a>
    <li><a href="#sg16-polls3"><span class="secno">6</span> <span class="content">SG16 polls (R3)</span></a>
    <li><a href="#lewg-polls2"><span class="secno">7</span> <span class="content">LEWG polls (R2)</span></a>
    <li><a href="#lewg-polls1"><span class="secno">8</span> <span class="content">LEWG polls (R1)</span></a>
    <li><a href="#motivation"><span class="secno">9</span> <span class="content">Motivating examples</span></a>
    <li><a href="#api"><span class="secno">10</span> <span class="content">API and naming</span></a>
    <li><a href="#unicode"><span class="secno">11</span> <span class="content">Unicode</span></a>
    <li><a href="#perf"><span class="secno">12</span> <span class="content">Performance</span></a>
    <li><a href="#binary"><span class="secno">13</span> <span class="content">Binary code</span></a>
    <li><a href="#impact"><span class="secno">14</span> <span class="content">Impact on existing code</span></a>
    <li><a href="#impl"><span class="secno">15</span> <span class="content">Implementation</span></a>
    <li><a href="#wording"><span class="secno">16</span> <span class="content">Wording</span></a>
    <li><a href="#lst"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">Appendix A: Unicode tests</span></a>
    <li><a href="#ack"><span class="secno">17</span> <span class="content">Acknowledgements</span></a>
    <li>
     <a href="#references"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">References</span></a>
     <ol class="toc">
      <li><a href="#informative"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">Informative References</span></a>
     </ol>
   </ol>
  </nav>
  <main>
   <p style="text-align: right"> "╨ƒ╤Ç╨╕╨▓╨╡╤é, ╬║╧î╧â╬╝╬┐╧é!" <br> ― anonymous user </p>
   <h2 class="heading settled" data-level="1" id="intro"><span class="secno">1. </span><span class="content">Introduction</span><a class="self-link" href="#intro"></a></h2>
   <p>A new I/O-agnostic text formatting library was introduced in C++20 (<a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-format">[FORMAT]</a>).
This paper proposes integrating it with standard I/O facilities via a simple and
intuitive API achieving the following goals:</p>
   <ul>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Usability</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Unicode support</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Good performance</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Small binary footprint</p>
   </ul>
   <h2 class="heading settled" data-level="2" id="hist"><span class="secno">2. </span><span class="content">Revision history</span><a class="self-link" href="#hist"></a></h2>
   <p>Changes since R13:</p>
   <ul>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Removed the value of feature test macro in favor of <code class="highlight"><c- o>**</c-><c- n>placeholder</c-><c- o>**</c-></code>.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Replaced "<code class="highlight"><c- n>system_error</c-></code> if a call by the implementation to an operating
system or other underlying API results in an error that prevents the
function from meeting its specifications." with "<code class="highlight"><c- n>system_error</c-></code> if writing
to the terminal or <code class="highlight"><c- n>stream</c-></code> fails. May throw <code class="highlight"><c- n>bad_alloc</c-></code>." in [print.fun].8
and similar changes in other Throws clauses.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Added "<code class="highlight"><c- n>stream</c-></code> is a valid pointer to an output C stream" preconditions to <code class="highlight"><c- b>FILE</c-><c- o>*</c-></code> overloads of <code class="highlight"><c- n>vprint_unicode</c-></code> and <code class="highlight"><c- n>vprint_nonunicode</c-></code>.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Revised the wording for <code class="highlight"><c- n>ostream</c-></code> overaloads of <code class="highlight"><c- n>vprint_unicode</c-></code> and <code class="highlight"><c- n>vprint_nonunicode</c-></code> per suggestions from Tim Song.</p>
   </ul>
   <p>Changes since R12:</p>
   <ul>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Changed section numbers to permalinks in the wording.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Replaced "string literal encoding" with "the ordinary literal encoding
([lex.charset]) in [print.fun].2.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Added missing template parameter to <code class="highlight"><c- n>forward</c-></code> in [print.fun].3.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Replaced <code class="highlight"><c- n>Let</c-> <c- n>out</c-> <c- o>=</c-> <c- n>vformat</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>)</c-></code> with "The function initializes an
automatic variable via <code class="highlight"><c- n>string</c-> <c- n>out</c-> <c- o>=</c-> <c- n>vformat</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>);</c-></code> in [print.fun].6
and [ostream.formatted.print].3.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Replaced "As specified in <a href="http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2020/n4861.pdf#subsection.20.20.3">[format.err.report</a>]
or" with "Any exception thrown by the call to <code class="highlight"><c- n>vformat</c-></code> (<a href="http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2020/n4861.pdf#subsection.20.20.3">[format.err.report</a>])."
in [print.fun].7 and [print.fun].11.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Removed "�" from [print.fun].8 and [ostream.formatted.print].5.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Clarified that writing to an output stream is done via an unformatted output
function in [ostream.formatted.print].3 and [ostream.formatted.print].6.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Added a missing definition of the <code class="highlight"><c- n>ostream</c-></code> overload of <code class="highlight"><c- n>println</c-></code>.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Moved "The Unicode® Standard Version 14.0 – Core Specification" from
Normative references to Bibliography per LWG request and verified that ISO
10646:2020 doesn’t include an equivalent of "U+FFFD Substitution of Maximal
Subparts" section from the Unicode standard and therefore can’t be
referenced instead.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Rephrased Throws clauses per LWG feedback and clarify that exceptions from
the underlying unformatted functions ([ostream.unformatted]) are propagated
in [ostream.formatted.print].4 and [ostream.formatted.print].7.</p>
   </ul>
   <p>Changes since R11:</p>
   <ul>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Corrected header names in the feature test macro definition replacing
"also in &lt;format>" with "also in &lt;print> and &lt;ostream>".</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Replaced <code class="highlight"><c- n>stream</c-></code> with <code class="highlight"><c- n>os</c-></code> in [ostream.formatted.print].2.</p>
   </ul>
   <p>Changes since R10:</p>
   <ul>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Moved "If invoking the (native Unicode) API requires transcoding,
implementations should substitute invalid code units with U+FFFD �
REPLACEMENT CHARACTER per The Unicode Standard Version 13.0 – Core
Specification, Chapter 3.9." to the <i>Recommended practice</i> clause
in the definition of <code class="highlight"><c- n>vprint_unicode</c-></code> per LEWG feedback.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Made the definition of the <code class="highlight"><c- n>ostream</c-></code> overload of <code class="highlight"><c- n>vprint_unicode</c-></code> consistent
with the <code class="highlight"><c- b>FILE</c-><c- o>*</c-></code> overload.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Namespace-qualified the calls to <code class="highlight"><c- n>forward</c-></code>.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Removed a call to <code class="highlight"><c- n>make_format_args</c-></code> in [print.fun].1.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Removed extra <code class="highlight"><c- p>)</c-></code> in the <em>Effects</em> clauses of <code class="highlight"><c- n>vprint_unicode</c-></code> and <code class="highlight"><c- n>vprint_nonunicode</c-></code>.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Rendered <code class="highlight"><c- n>str</c-></code> in italics in <code class="highlight"><c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>str</c-></code>.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Defined the <code class="highlight"><c- n>println</c-></code> overload that doesn’t take a stream in terms of the one
that does.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Add missing <code class="highlight"><c- p>.</c-><c- n>str</c-></code> to <code class="highlight"><c- n>fmt</c-></code> in the <code class="highlight"><c- n>ostream</c-></code> overload of <code class="highlight"><c- n>print</c-></code>.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Updated The Unicode® Standard Version to 14.</p>
   </ul>
   <p>Changes since R9:</p>
   <ul>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Rebased the wording onto the latest draft, most importantly adding
support for types that are neither const-iterable nor copyable introduced
by <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-p2418">[P2418]</a>.</p>
   </ul>
   <p>Changes since R8:</p>
   <ul>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Added new SG16 poll results.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Improved wording for [print.syn].6 (previously [print.syn].31) to remove
ambiguities per SG16 feedback.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Fixed paragraph numbering in the wording.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Clarified the difference from the Python’s <code class="highlight"><c- n>print</c-></code> in <a href="#api">§ 10 API and naming</a>.</p>
   </ul>
   <p>Changes since R7:</p>
   <ul>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Added a reference to LLVM’s <code class="highlight"><c- n>raw_ostream</c-></code> that implements similar mojibake
prevention mechanism to <a href="#impl">§ 15 Implementation</a>.</p>
   </ul>
   <p>Changes since R6:</p>
   <ul>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Added new SG16 poll results.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Rebased the wording onto the latest draft, most importantly adding
compile-time checks introduced by <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-p2216">[P2216]</a>.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Added "If <code class="highlight"><c- n>out</c-></code> contains invalid code units, the behavior is undefined and
implementations are encouraged to diagnose it."
to the definition of <code class="highlight"><c- n>vprint_unicode</c-></code> per SG16 feedback.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Replaced "invalid code points are substituted with U+FFFD � REPLACEMENT
CHARACTER" with " implementations should substitute invalid code units with
U+FFFD � REPLACEMENT CHARACTER per The Unicode® Standard Version 13.0 – Core
Specification, Chapter 3.9" in <a href="#wording">§ 16 Wording</a> per SG16 feedback.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Added "The Unicode® Standard Version 13.0 – Core Specification" to
Normative references in <a href="#wording">§ 16 Wording</a>.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Clarified the behavior when mixing encodings in <a href="#unicode">§ 11 Unicode</a>.</p>
   </ul>
   <p>Changes since R5:</p>
   <ul>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Added new LEWG poll results.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Added new SG16 poll results.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Replaced <code class="highlight"><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>io</c-><c- o>></c-></code> with <code class="highlight"><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>print</c-><c- o>></c-></code> per LEWG feedback.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Clarified the choice of U+FFFD � REPLACEMENT CHARACTER for transcoding errors
in <a href="#unicode">§ 11 Unicode</a>.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Clarified the choice of literal encoding in <a href="#unicode">§ 11 Unicode</a>.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Clarified that ANSI escape codes for specifying coding systems are not
considered a native system API that supports Unicode in <a href="#unicode">§ 11 Unicode</a>.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Added a reference to Rust’s standard output facility that implements the same
mojibake prevention mechanism to <a href="#impl">§ 15 Implementation</a></p>
   </ul>
   <p>Changes since R4:</p>
   <ul>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Added SG16 Unicode poll results.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Added a list of candidate headers formatted output functions can be added to.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Moved the non-<code class="highlight"><c- n>ostream</c-></code> overloads of formatted output functions to a separate
header for cleaner separation of formatting and I/O facilities.</p>
   </ul>
   <p>Changes since R3:</p>
   <ul>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Replaced <code class="highlight"><c- n>_isatty</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>_fileno</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>stream</c-><c- p>))</c-></code> with <code class="highlight"><c- n>GetConsoleMode</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>_get_osfhandle</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>_fileno</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>stream</c-><c- p>)),</c-> <c- p>...)</c-></code> in a note in
[format.functions] because the former may return 1 for streams not referring
to a terminal.</p>
   </ul>
   <p>Changes since R2:</p>
   <ul>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Added better compatibility with other formatted I/O facilities as another
advantage of using <code class="highlight"><c- n>stdout</c-></code> in <a href="#api">§ 10 API and naming</a> per SG16 feedback.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Clarified that <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-p1885">[P1885]</a> can be used for literal encoding detection per SG16
feedback.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Added comparison of Unicode handling in various languages in <a href="#lst">Appendix A: Unicode tests</a> and a
summary in <a href="#unicode">§ 11 Unicode</a> per SG16 request.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Removed incorrect "exposition-only" in <a href="#unicode">§ 11 Unicode</a>.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Replaced "both source and literal encodings are UTF-8, which is enabled by the <code class="highlight">/utf-8</code> compiler flag" with "the literal
(execution) encoding is UTF-8, which is enabled by the <code class="highlight">/execution-charset:utf-8</code> compiler flag" since
the source encoding is irrelevant there.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Rephrased <em>Effects</em> of <code class="highlight"><c- n>vprint_unicode</c-></code> for clarity.</p>
   </ul>
   <p>Changes since R1:</p>
   <ul>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Added missing <code class="highlight"><c- n>println</c-></code> overloads that take <code class="highlight"><c- b>FILE</c-><c- o>*</c-></code> and <code class="highlight"><c- n>ostream</c-><c- o>&amp;</c-></code>.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Moved the print functions that take <code class="highlight"><c- n>ostream</c-><c- o>&amp;</c-></code> to <code class="highlight"><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>ostream</c-><c- o>></c-></code> since <code class="highlight"><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>format</c-><c- o>></c-></code> shouldn’t depend on <code class="highlight"><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>ostream</c-><c- o>></c-></code>.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Clarified why it is useful to provide <code class="highlight"><c- n>vprint</c-><c- o>*</c-></code> functions in <a href="#binary">§ 13 Binary code</a>.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Rebased the wording onto the latest working draft, N4861, in particular
updating the <em>Throws</em> clauses to match existing wording.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Replaced <code class="highlight"><c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>system_error</c-></code> with <code class="highlight"><c- n>system_error</c-></code> in the wording.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Added paragraph numbers to the wording.</p>
   </ul>
   <p>Changes since R0:</p>
   <ul>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Clarified that adding <code class="highlight"><c- b>wchar_t</c-></code> overloads will be addressed in a separate
paper per the UK C++ panel feedback.</p>
   </ul>
   <h2 class="heading settled" data-level="3" id="sg16-polls8"><span class="secno">3. </span><span class="content">SG16 polls (R8)</span><a class="self-link" href="#sg16-polls8"></a></h2>
   <p><strong>Poll</strong>: Use of UTF-8 as the literal encoding is sufficient for <code class="highlight"><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>print</c-><c- o>></c-></code> facilities to establish encoding expectations.</p>
   <table class="poll">
    <tbody>
     <tr>
      <th>SF 
      <th>F 
      <th>N 
      <th>A 
      <th>SA 
     <tr>
      <td>2 
      <td>3 
      <td>2 
      <td>1 
      <td>0 
   </table>
   <p>Consensus: Consensus in favour.</p>
   <p><strong>Poll</strong>: Correct the P2093R8 wording for [print.syn].31 to remove ambiguities,
and forward P2093 as revised to LEWG with a recommended ship vehicle of C++23.</p>
   <table class="poll">
    <tbody>
     <tr>
      <th>SF 
      <th>F 
      <th>N 
      <th>A 
      <th>SA 
     <tr>
      <td>1 
      <td>4 
      <td>2 
      <td>0 
      <td>0 
   </table>
   <p>Consensus: Consensus in favour.</p>
   <h2 class="heading settled" data-level="4" id="sg16-polls6"><span class="secno">4. </span><span class="content">SG16 polls (R6)</span><a class="self-link" href="#sg16-polls6"></a></h2>
   <p><strong>Poll</strong>: When <code class="highlight"><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>print</c-><c- o>></c-></code> facilities must transcode their formatting results for
display on a device, and during that process invalidly-encoded text is
encountered, <code class="highlight"><c- n>print</c-><c- p>()</c-></code> should replace the erroneously-encoded code units with <code class="highlight"><c- n>U</c-><c- o>+</c-><c- n>FFFD</c-> <c- n>REPLACEMENT</c-> <c- n>CHARACTER</c-></code>.</p>
   <table class="poll">
    <tbody>
     <tr>
      <th>SF 
      <th>F 
      <th>N 
      <th>A 
      <th>SA 
     <tr>
      <td>3 
      <td>3 
      <td>1 
      <td>2 
      <td>0 
   </table>
   <p>Outcome: Consensus for the position</p>
   <p><strong>Poll</strong>: When <code class="highlight"><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>print</c-><c- o>></c-></code> facilities need not transcode their formatting results
for display on a device, and during that process invalidly-encoded text is
encountered, <code class="highlight"><c- n>print</c-><c- p>()</c-></code> should nevertheless replace the erroneously-encoded code
units with <code class="highlight"><c- n>U</c-><c- o>+</c-><c- n>FFFD</c-> <c- n>REPLACEMENT</c-> <c- n>CHARACTER</c-></code>.</p>
   <table class="poll">
    <tbody>
     <tr>
      <th>SF 
      <th>F 
      <th>N 
      <th>A 
      <th>SA 
     <tr>
      <td>1 
      <td>0 
      <td>2 
      <td>2 
      <td>3 
   </table>
   <p>Outcome: Consensus against the direction.</p>
   <p><strong>Poll</strong>: <code class="highlight"><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>format</c-><c- o>></c-></code> and <code class="highlight"><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>print</c-><c- o>></c-></code> facilities should have consistent behavior
with respect to encoding expectations for the format string.</p>
   <p>No objection to unanimous consent.</p>
   <p><strong>Poll</strong>: formatters should not be sensitive to whether they are being used with a <code class="highlight"><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>format</c-><c- o>></c-></code> or <code class="highlight"><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>print</c-><c- o>></c-></code> facility.</p>
   <p>No objection to unanimous consent.</p>
   <p><strong>Poll</strong>: Regardless of format string encoding assumptions, <code class="highlight"><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>format</c-><c- o>></c-></code> facilities
may be used to format binary data.</p>
   <table class="poll">
    <tbody>
     <tr>
      <th>SF 
      <th>F 
      <th>N 
      <th>A 
      <th>SA 
     <tr>
      <td>5 
      <td>1 
      <td>1 
      <td>0 
      <td>0 
   </table>
   <p>Consensus: Strong consensus in favor.</p>
   <p><strong>Poll</strong>: Regardless of format string encoding assumptions, <code class="highlight"><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>print</c-><c- o>></c-></code> facilities may
be used to format binary data.</p>
   <table class="poll">
    <tbody>
     <tr>
      <th>SF 
      <th>F 
      <th>N 
      <th>A 
      <th>SA 
     <tr>
      <td>2 
      <td>1 
      <td>3 
      <td>1 
      <td>0 
   </table>
   <p>Consensus: Weak consensus in favor.</p>
   <p><strong>Poll</strong>: <code class="highlight"><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>print</c-><c- o>></c-></code> facilities exhibit undefined behavior when an encoding
expectation is present and a format string or formatter output does not match
those expectations.</p>
   <table class="poll">
    <tbody>
     <tr>
      <th>SF 
      <th>F 
      <th>N 
      <th>A 
      <th>SA 
     <tr>
      <td>2 
      <td>4 
      <td>0 
      <td>0 
      <td>1 
   </table>
   <p>Consensus: Strong consensus in favor.</p>
   <p><strong>Poll</strong>: <code class="highlight"><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>print</c-><c- o>></c-></code> facilities exhibit undefined behavior when an encoding
expectation is present and a format string or formatter output does not match
those expectations and output is directed to a device that has encoding
expectations.</p>
   <table class="poll">
    <tbody>
     <tr>
      <th>SF 
      <th>F 
      <th>N 
      <th>A 
      <th>SA 
     <tr>
      <td>6 
      <td>0 
      <td>1 
      <td>0 
      <td>0 
   </table>
   <p>Consensus: Stronger consensus in favor relative to previous poll.</p>
   <p><strong>Poll</strong>: <code class="highlight"><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>print</c-><c- o>></c-></code> facility implementors are encouraged to provide a run-time
means for diagnosing format strings and formatter output that is not well-formed
according to the expected encoding.</p>
   <table class="poll">
    <tbody>
     <tr>
      <th>SF 
      <th>F 
      <th>N 
      <th>A 
      <th>SA 
     <tr>
      <td>4 
      <td>0 
      <td>2 
      <td>1 
      <td>0 
   </table>
   <p>Consensus: Consensus in favor.</p>
   <p><strong>Poll</strong>: <code class="highlight"><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>format</c-><c- o>></c-></code> and <code class="highlight"><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>print</c-><c- o>></c-></code> facilities should have consistent behavior
with respect to encoding expectations for the output of formatters.</p>
   <table class="poll">
    <tbody>
     <tr>
      <th>SF 
      <th>F 
      <th>N 
      <th>A 
      <th>SA 
     <tr>
      <td>0 
      <td>1 
      <td>1 
      <td>5 
      <td>1 
   </table>
   <p>Consensus: Strong consensus against.</p>
   <p><strong>Poll</strong>: <code class="highlight"><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>print</c-><c- o>></c-></code> facility implementors are encouraged to substitute <code class="highlight"><c- n>U</c-><c- o>+</c-><c- n>FFFD</c-></code> replacement characters following Unicode guidance when output is directed to a
device and transcoding is necessary.</p>
   <table class="poll">
    <tbody>
     <tr>
      <th>SF 
      <th>F 
      <th>N 
      <th>A 
      <th>SA 
     <tr>
      <td>2 
      <td>5 
      <td>0 
      <td>0 
      <td>1 
   </table>
   <p>Consensus: Consensus in favor.</p>
   <p><strong>Poll</strong>: <code class="highlight"><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>print</c-><c- o>></c-></code> facilities must provide an explicit program-controlled error
handling mechanism for violations of encoding expectations.</p>
   <table class="poll">
    <tbody>
     <tr>
      <th>SF 
      <th>F 
      <th>N 
      <th>A 
      <th>SA 
     <tr>
      <td>0 
      <td>0 
      <td>3 
      <td>3 
      <td>3 
   </table>
   <p><strong>Poll</strong>: Use of UTF-8 as the literal encoding is sufficient for <code class="highlight"><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>print</c-><c- o>></c-></code> facilities to establish encoding expectations.</p>
   <table class="poll">
    <tbody>
     <tr>
      <th>SF 
      <th>F 
      <th>N 
      <th>A 
      <th>SA 
     <tr>
      <td>3 
      <td>1 
      <td>3 
      <td>2 
      <td>0 
   </table>
   <p>Consensus: Very weak consensus.</p>
   <h2 class="heading settled" data-level="5" id="lewg-polls5"><span class="secno">5. </span><span class="content">LEWG polls (R5)</span><a class="self-link" href="#lewg-polls5"></a></h2>
   <p>Poll: Block P2093 until we have a proposal for a lower level facility that can
query tty/console and perform direct output to the console</p>
   <table class="poll">
    <tbody>
     <tr>
      <th>SF 
      <th>F 
      <th>N 
      <th>A 
      <th>SA 
     <tr>
      <td>2 
      <td>1 
      <td>5 
      <td>5 
      <td>6 
   </table>
   <p>Outcome: Consensus Against</p>
   <p>Poll: We want <code class="highlight"><c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>print</c-></code> et al. non <code class="highlight"><c- n>ostream</c-></code> overloads to go to:</p>
   <table class="poll">
    <tbody>
     <tr>
      <th>Header 
      <th>Approve 
      <th>Disapprove 
     <tr>
      <td><code class="highlight"><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>ostream</c-><c- o>></c-></code> 
      <td>3 
      <td>7 
     <tr>
      <td><code class="highlight"><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>io</c-><c- o>></c-></code> 
      <td>6 
      <td>5 
     <tr>
      <td><code class="highlight"><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>print</c-><c- o>></c-></code> 
      <td>10 
      <td>3 
     <tr>
      <td><code class="highlight"><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>format</c-><c- o>></c-></code> 
      <td>12 
      <td>1 
     <tr>
      <td><code class="highlight"><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>utility</c-><c- o>></c-></code> 
      <td>1 
      <td>13 
   </table>
   <p>Outcome: both <code class="highlight"><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>print</c-><c- o>></c-></code> and <code class="highlight"><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>format</c-><c- o>></c-></code> have consensus, author can choose one for the
  next revision.</p>
   <h2 class="heading settled" data-level="6" id="sg16-polls3"><span class="secno">6. </span><span class="content">SG16 polls (R3)</span><a class="self-link" href="#sg16-polls3"></a></h2>
   <p>Poll: Forward P2093R3 to LEWG.</p>
   <table class="poll">
    <tbody>
     <tr>
      <th>SF 
      <th>F 
      <th>N 
      <th>A 
      <th>SA 
     <tr>
      <td>4 
      <td>2 
      <td>2 
      <td>0 
      <td>1 
   </table>
   <p>Consensus? Yes</p>
   <h2 class="heading settled" data-level="7" id="lewg-polls2"><span class="secno">7. </span><span class="content">LEWG polls (R2)</span><a class="self-link" href="#lewg-polls2"></a></h2>
   <p>Poll: We want P2093R2 to revert moving the <code class="highlight"><c- n>print</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>ostream</c-><c- p>)</c-></code> overloads to the <code class="highlight"><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>ostream</c-><c- o>></c-></code> header.</p>
   <table class="poll">
    <tbody>
     <tr>
      <th>SF 
      <th>F 
      <th>N 
      <th>A 
      <th>SA 
     <tr>
      <td>0 
      <td>0 
      <td>6 
      <td>6 
      <td>1 
   </table>
   <p>Outcome: Keep the paper as is</p>
   <h2 class="heading settled" data-level="8" id="lewg-polls1"><span class="secno">8. </span><span class="content">LEWG polls (R1)</span><a class="self-link" href="#lewg-polls1"></a></h2>
   <p>Poll: We prefer <code class="highlight"><c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>cout</c-></code> as the default output target.</p>
   <table class="poll">
    <tbody>
     <tr>
      <th>SF 
      <th>F 
      <th>N 
      <th>A 
      <th>SA 
     <tr>
      <td>3 
      <td>2 
      <td>6 
      <td>6 
      <td>5 
   </table>
   <p>Poll: Add a member function on <code class="highlight"><c- n>ostream</c-></code> instead of a <code class="highlight"><c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>print</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>ostream</c-><c- o>&amp;</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- p>...)</c-></code> free function overload.</p>
   <table class="poll">
    <tbody>
     <tr>
      <th>SF 
      <th>F 
      <th>N 
      <th>A 
      <th>SA 
     <tr>
      <td>0 
      <td>2 
      <td>5 
      <td>17 
      <td>3 
   </table>
   <p>Consensus against.</p>
   <p>Poll: Remove <code class="highlight"><c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>println</c-></code> from the paper?</p>
   <table class="poll">
    <tbody>
     <tr>
      <th>SF 
      <th>F 
      <th>N 
      <th>A 
      <th>SA 
     <tr>
      <td>1 
      <td>10 
      <td>7 
      <td>4 
      <td>4 
   </table>
   <p>No consensus for change.</p>
   <p>Poll: We are happy with the design with regards to UTF-8 output.</p>
   <p>Unanimous consent.</p>
   <p>Attendance: 35</p>
   <h2 class="heading settled" data-level="9" id="motivation"><span class="secno">9. </span><span class="content">Motivating examples</span><a class="self-link" href="#motivation"></a></h2>
   <p>Consider a common task of printing formatted text to <code class="highlight"><c- n>stdout</c-></code>:</p>
   <table width="100%">
    <tbody>
     <tr>
      <th>C++20
      <th>Proposed
     <tr>
      <td>
<pre class="highlight" lang="cpp"><c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>cout</c-> <c- o>&lt;&lt;</c-> <c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>format</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- s>"Hello, {}!"</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>name</c-><c- p>);</c->
</pre>
      <td>
<pre class="highlight" lang="cpp"><c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>print</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- s>"Hello, {}!"</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>name</c-><c- p>);</c->
</pre>
   </table>
   <p>The proposed <code class="highlight"><c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>print</c-></code> function improves usability, avoids allocating a
temporary <code class="highlight"><c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>string</c-></code> object and calling <code class="highlight"><c- k>operator</c-><c- o>&lt;&lt;</c-></code> which performs formatted
I/O on text that is already formatted. The number of function calls is reduced
to one which, together with <code class="highlight"><c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>vformat</c-></code>-like type erasure, results in much
smaller binary code (see <a href="#binary">§ 13 Binary code</a>).</p>
   <p>Existing alternatives in C++20:</p>
   <table width="100%">
    <tbody>
     <tr>
      <th>Code
      <th>Comments
     <tr>
      <td>
<pre class="highlight" lang="cpp"><c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>cout</c-> <c- o>&lt;&lt;</c-> <c- s>"Hello, "</c-> <c- o>&lt;&lt;</c-> <c- n>name</c-> <c- o>&lt;&lt;</c-> <c- s>"!"</c-><c- p>;</c->
</pre>
      <td> Requires even more formatted I/O function calls; message is interleaved
    with parameters; can result in interleaved output. 
     <tr>
      <td>
<pre class="highlight" lang="cpp"><c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>printf</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- s>"Hello, %s!"</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>name</c-><c- p>);</c->
</pre>
      <td> Only works if <code class="highlight"><c- n>name</c-></code> is a null-terminated character string. 
     <tr>
     <tr>
      <td>
<pre class="highlight" lang="cpp"><c- k>auto</c-> <c- n>msg</c-> <c- o>=</c-> <c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>format</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- s>"Hello, {}!"</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>name</c-><c- p>);</c->
<c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>fputs</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>msg</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>c_str</c-><c- p>(),</c-> <c- n>stdout</c-><c- p>);</c->
</pre>
      <td> Constructs a temporary string; requires a call to <code class="highlight"><c- n>c_str</c-><c- p>()</c-></code> and a separate
    I/O function call, although potentially cheaper than <code class="highlight"><c- k>operator</c-><c- o>&lt;&lt;</c-></code>. 
     <tr>
   </table>
   <p>Another problem is formatting of Unicode text:</p>
<pre class="highlight"><c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>cout</c-> <c- o>&lt;&lt;</c-> <c- s>"Привет, κόσμος!"</c-><c- p>;</c->
</pre>
   If the source and execution encoding is UTF-8 this will produce the expected
output on most GNU/Linux and macOS systems. Unfortunately on Windows it is
almost guaranteed to produce <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mojibake">mojibake</a> despite the fact that the system is fully capable of printing Unicode, for
example 
<pre class="highlight">╨ƒ╤Ç╨╕╨▓╨╡╤é<c- p>,</c-> ╬║╧î╧â╬╝╬┐╧é<c- o>!</c->
</pre>
   even when compiled with <code class="highlight">/utf-8</code> using Visual C++
(<a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-msvc-utf8">[MSVC-UTF8]</a>). This happens because the terminal assumes code page 437 in this
case independently of the execution encoding. 
   <p>With the proposed paper</p>
<pre class="highlight"><c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>print</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- s>"Привет, κόσμος!"</c-><c- p>);</c->
</pre>
   will print <code class="highlight"><c- s>"Привет, κόσμος!"</c-></code> as expected allowing programmers to write Unicode
text portably using standard facilities. This will bring C++ on par with other
languages where such functionality has been available for a long time.
For comparison this just works in Python 3.8 on Windows with the same active
code page and console settings: 
<pre class="highlight"><c- o>>>></c-> <c- n>print</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- s>"Привет, κόσμος!"</c-><c- p>)</c->
Привет<c- p>,</c-> κόσμος<c- o>!</c->
</pre>
   <p>This problem is independent of formatting <code class="highlight"><c- b>char8_t</c-></code> strings but the same
solution applies there. Adding <code class="highlight"><c- n>charN_t</c-></code> and <code class="highlight"><c- b>wchar_t</c-></code> overloads will be
explored in a separate paper in a more general context.</p>
   <h2 class="heading settled" data-level="10" id="api"><span class="secno">10. </span><span class="content">API and naming</span><a class="self-link" href="#api"></a></h2>
   <p>Many programming languages provide functions for printing text to standard
output, often combined with formatting:</p>
   <table width="100%">
    <tbody>
     <tr>
      <th style="text-align: left">Language
      <th style="text-align: left">Function(s)
     <tr>
      <td>C
      <td><code class="highlight"><c- n>printf</c-></code> <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-n2176">[N2176]</a>
     <tr>
      <td>C#/.NET
      <td><code class="highlight"><c- n>Console</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>Write</c-></code> <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-dotnet-write">[DOTNET-WRITE]</a>
     <tr>
      <td>COBOL
      <td><code class="highlight"><c- n>DISPLAY</c-></code> statement <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-n0147">[N0147]</a>
     <tr>
      <td>Fortran
      <td><code class="highlight"><c- n>print</c-></code> and <code class="highlight"><c- n>write</c-></code> statements <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-n2162">[N2162]</a>
     <tr>
      <td>Go
      <td><code class="highlight"><c- n>Printf</c-></code> <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-go-fmt">[GO-FMT]</a>
     <tr>
      <td>Java
      <td><code class="highlight"><c- n>PrintStream</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>format</c-></code>, <code class="highlight"><c- n>PrintStream</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>print</c-></code>, <code class="highlight"><c- n>PrintStream</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>printf</c-></code> <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-java-print">[JAVA-PRINT]</a>
     <tr>
      <td>JavaScript
      <td><code class="highlight"><c- n>console</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>log</c-></code> <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-whatwg-console">[WHATWG-CONSOLE]</a>
     <tr>
      <td>Perl
      <td><code class="highlight"><c- n>printf</c-></code> <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-perl-printf">[PERL-PRINTF]</a>
     <tr>
      <td>PHP
      <td><code class="highlight"><c- n>printf</c-></code> <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-php-printf">[PHP-PRINTF]</a>
     <tr>
      <td>Python
      <td><code class="highlight"><c- n>print</c-></code> statement or function <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-py-func">[PY-FUNC]</a>
     <tr>
      <td>R
      <td><code class="highlight"><c- n>print</c-></code> <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-r-print">[R-PRINT]</a>
     <tr>
      <td>Ruby
      <td><code class="highlight"><c- n>print</c-></code> and <code class="highlight"><c- n>printf</c-></code> <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-ruby-print">[RUBY-PRINT]</a>
     <tr>
      <td>Rust
      <td><code class="highlight"><c- n>print</c-><c- o>!</c-></code> <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-rust-print">[RUST-PRINT]</a>
     <tr>
      <td>Swift
      <td><code class="highlight"><c- n>print</c-></code> <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-swift-print">[SWIFT-PRINT]</a>
   </table>
   <p>Variations of <code class="highlight"><c- n>print</c-><c- p>[</c-><c- n>f</c-><c- p>]</c-></code> appear to be the most popular naming choice for this
functionality. It is either provided as a free function (most common) or a
member function (less common) together with a global object representing
standard output stream. Notable exceptions are COBOL, Fortran, and Python 2
which have dedicated language statements and Rust where <code class="highlight"><c- n>print</c-><c- o>!</c-></code> is a
function-like macro.</p>
   <p>We propose adding a free function called <code class="highlight"><c- n>print</c-></code> with overloads for writing to
the standard output (the default) and an explicitly passed output stream object.
The default output stream can be either <code class="highlight"><c- n>stdout</c-></code> or <code class="highlight"><c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>cout</c-></code>. We propose
using <code class="highlight"><c- n>stdout</c-></code> for the following reasons:</p>
   <ul>
    <li data-md>
     <p><code class="highlight"><c- n>stdout</c-></code> is considerably faster on at least two major implementations
(see <a href="#perf">§ 12 Performance</a>).</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Better compatibility with other formatted I/O facilities compared to <code class="highlight"><c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>cout</c-></code> and its associated <code class="highlight"><c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>streambuf</c-></code> that suffer from private
buffering, localization and conversion services that must be synchronized at
a lower level.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p><code class="highlight"><c- n>print</c-></code> won’t use any formatted output functionality of <code class="highlight"><c- n>ostream</c-></code>.</p>
   </ul>
   <p>In some languages like Python <code class="highlight"><c- n>print</c-></code> only provides the default formatting
although some formatting control may be achieved by other means such as named
arguments and/or doing formatting manually via <code class="highlight"><c- n>str</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>format</c-></code> or string
interpolation. The current paper doesn’t propose such a default formatting
facility. A search in a large Python codebase revealed that over 70% of <code class="highlight"><c- n>print</c-></code> calls either take a string literal or use interpolation and this doesn’t even
account for string variables. These use cases are covered by the current
proposal with better usability and potentially better performance because there
are no separate formatting function calls.</p>
   <p>Since <code class="highlight"><c- n>stdout</c-></code> doesn’t have an associated
locale we propose using the current global locale for locale-specific formatting
which is consistent with <code class="highlight"><c- n>format</c-></code>. With <code class="highlight"><c- n>cout</c-></code> or another explicitly passed
stream, the stream’s locale will be used. In all cases the default formatting is
locale-independent.</p>
   <p>Another option is to make <code class="highlight"><c- n>print</c-></code> a member function of <code class="highlight"><c- n>basic_ostream</c-></code>. This
would make usage somewhat more awkward:</p>
<pre class="language-c++ highlight"><c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>cout</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>print</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- s>"Hello, {}!"</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>name</c-><c- p>);</c->
</pre>
   A free function can also be overloaded to take <code class="highlight"><c- b>FILE</c-><c- o>*</c-></code> to simplify migration
(possibly automated) of code from <code class="highlight"><c- n>printf</c-></code> to the new facility. 
   <p>There are multiple approaches to appending a trailing newline:</p>
   <ul>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Don’t append a newline automatically: <code class="highlight"><c- n>printf</c-></code> in C and other languages.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Append a newline but don’t format arguments: <code class="highlight"><c- n>puts</c-></code> in C (inconsistent with <code class="highlight"><c- n>fputs</c-></code>).</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Have two formatting functions/macros, one that appends newline and another
that doesn’t: <code class="highlight"><c- n>print</c-></code>/<code class="highlight"><c- n>println</c-></code> in Java, <code class="highlight"><c- n>print</c-><c- o>!</c-></code>/<code class="highlight"><c- n>println</c-><c- o>!</c-></code> in Rust, <code class="highlight"><c- n>Printf</c-></code>/<code class="highlight"><c- n>Println</c-></code> in Go, <code class="highlight"><c- n>Write</c-></code>/<code class="highlight"><c- n>WriteLine</c-></code> in C#/.NET.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Let the user choose a terminating string defaulting to <code class="highlight"><c- s>"</c-><c- se>\n</c-><c- s>"</c-></code> and do limited
formatting: <code class="highlight"><c- n>print</c-></code> in Python and Swift.</p>
   </ul>
   <p>We propose not appending a newline automatically for consistency with <code class="highlight"><c- n>printf</c-></code> and iostreams:</p>
<pre class="language-c++ highlight"><c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>print</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- s>"Hello, {}!"</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>name</c-><c- p>);</c->    <c- c1>// doesn’t print a newline</c->
<c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>print</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- s>"Hello, {}!</c-><c- se>\n</c-><c- s>"</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>name</c-><c- p>);</c->  <c- c1>// prints a newline</c->
</pre>
   <p>Additionally we can provide a function that appends a newline:</p>
<pre class="language-c++ highlight"><c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>println</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- s>"Hello, {}!"</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>name</c-><c- p>);</c->  <c- c1>// prints a newline</c->
</pre>
   <p>Although <code class="highlight"><c- n>println</c-></code> doesn’t provide much usability improvement compared to <code class="highlight"><c- n>print</c-></code> with explicit <code class="highlight"><c- sc>'\n'</c-></code>, it has been an occasionally requested feature in
the fmt library (<a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-fmt">[FMT]</a>).</p>
   <p>Another question is which header non-<code class="highlight"><c- n>ostream</c-></code> overloads of formatted output
functions should go to. Possible options:</p>
   <ul>
    <li data-md>
     <p><code class="highlight"><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>io</c-><c- o>></c-></code></p>
    <li data-md>
     <p><code class="highlight"><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>print</c-><c- o>></c-></code></p>
    <li data-md>
     <p><code class="highlight"><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>format</c-><c- o>></c-></code></p>
    <li data-md>
     <p><code class="highlight"><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>ostream</c-><c- o>></c-></code></p>
    <li data-md>
     <p><code class="highlight"><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>utility</c-><c- o>></c-></code></p>
   </ul>
   <p>Earlier versions of the paper proposed <code class="highlight"><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>io</c-><c- o>></c-></code> analogous to <code class="highlight"><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>cstdio</c-><c- o>></c-></code> so that
the future I/O facilities that don’t depend on ostream could be added there.
This was changed to a more narrow-focused <code class="highlight"><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>print</c-><c- o>></c-></code> but <code class="highlight"><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>io</c-><c- o>></c-></code> can be added in
the future once a symmetric input facility becomes available. Using <code class="highlight"><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>ostream</c-><c- o>></c-></code> is undesirable because this header and its transitive dependencies are very big
(42 thousand lines preprocessed on libc++):</p>
<pre class="highlight"><c- o>%</c-> <c- n>echo</c-> '#<c- n>include</c-> <c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>ostream</c-><c- o>></c->' <c- o>|</c-> <c- n>clang</c-><c- o>++</c-> <c- o>-</c-><c- n>E</c-> <c- o>-</c-><c- n>x</c-> <c- n>c</c-><c- o>++</c-> <c- o>-</c-> <c- o>|</c-> <c- n>wc</c-> <c- o>-</c-><c- n>l</c->
   <c- mi>42491</c->
</pre>
   <p>It also pulls in a lot of unrelated symbols such as <code class="highlight"><c- n>ostream</c-></code> insertion
operators, global <code class="highlight"><c- n>cout</c-></code>, <code class="highlight"><c- n>cerr</c-></code>, <code class="highlight"><c- n>clog</c-></code> variables and their <code class="highlight"><c- b>wchar_t</c-></code> counterparts.</p>
   <p><code class="highlight"><c- n>ostream</c-></code> overloads are added to the <code class="highlight"><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>ostream</c-><c- o>></c-></code> header.</p>
   <h2 class="heading settled" data-level="11" id="unicode"><span class="secno">11. </span><span class="content">Unicode</span><a class="self-link" href="#unicode"></a></h2>
   <p>We can prevent mojibake in the Unicode example by detecting if the string
literal encoding is UTF-8 and dispatching to a different function that correctly
handles Unicode, for example:</p>
<pre class="highlight"><c- k>constexpr</c-> <c- b>bool</c-> <c- n>is_utf8</c-><c- p>()</c-> <c- p>{</c->
  <c- k>const</c-> <c- b>unsigned</c-> <c- b>char</c-> <c- n>micro</c-><c- p>[]</c-> <c- o>=</c-> <c- s>"</c-><c- se>\u00B5</c-><c- s>"</c-><c- p>;</c->
  <c- k>return</c-> <c- nf>sizeof</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>micro</c-><c- p>)</c-> <c- o>==</c-> <c- mi>3</c-> <c- o>&amp;&amp;</c-> <c- n>micro</c-><c- p>[</c-><c- mi>0</c-><c- p>]</c-> <c- o>==</c-> <c- mh>0xC2</c-> <c- o>&amp;&amp;</c-> <c- n>micro</c-><c- p>[</c-><c- mi>1</c-><c- p>]</c-> <c- o>==</c-> <c- mh>0xB5</c-><c- p>;</c->
<c- p>}</c->

<c- k>template</c-> <c- o>&lt;</c-><c- k>typename</c-><c- p>...</c-> <c- n>Args</c-><c- o>></c->
<c- b>void</c-> <c- n>print</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>string_view</c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- k>const</c-> <c- n>Args</c-><c- o>&amp;</c-><c- p>...</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>)</c-> <c- p>{</c->
  <c- k>if</c-> <c- p>(</c-><c- n>is_utf8</c-><c- p>())</c->
    <c- n>vprint_unicode</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>make_format_args</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>args</c-><c- p>...));</c->
  <c- k>else</c->
    <c- nf>vprint_nonunicode</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>make_format_args</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>args</c-><c- p>...));</c->
<c- p>}</c->
</pre>
   where the <code class="highlight"><c- n>vprint_unicode</c-></code> function formats and prints text in UTF-8 using the
native system API that supports Unicode and <code class="highlight"><c- n>vprint_nonunicode</c-></code> does the same
for other encodings. The latter ensures that interoperability with code using
legacy encodings is preserved even though <code class="highlight"><c- n>print</c-></code> is a new API and it is not
strictly necessary. If calling the system API requires transcoding we propose
substituting invalid code units with U+FFFD � REPLACEMENT CHARACTER
which is consistent with the treatment of malformed UTF-8 in UTF-8-native
terminals. For example 
<pre class="language-c++ highlight"><c- cp>#include</c-> &lt;stdio.h>

<c- b>int</c-> <c- nf>main</c-><c- p>()</c-> <c- p>{</c->
  <c- n>puts</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- s>"</c-><c- se>\xc3\x28</c-><c- s>"</c-><c- p>);</c-> <c- c1>// Invalid 2 Octet Sequence</c->
<c- p>}</c->
</pre>
   prints <code class="highlight">�<c- p>(</c-></code> in iTerm2 and <code class="highlight"><c- o>?</c-><c- p>(</c-></code> in macOS Terminal. So whether transcoding is done
or not in the UTF-8 case, you will normally get similar observed behavior. 
   <p>In Visual C++ <code class="highlight"><c- n>is_utf8</c-></code> will return <code class="highlight">true</code> if the literal (execution) encoding
is UTF-8, which is enabled by the <code class="highlight">/execution-charset:utf-8</code> compiler flags or other means, and <code class="highlight">false</code> otherwise. Literal encoding detection
can be implemented in a more elegant way using <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-p1885">[P1885]</a>.</p>
   <p>Note that ANSI escape codes for specifying coding systems (<a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-iso2022">[ISO2022]</a>) are not
considered a native system API that supports Unicode for the purposes of this
proposal.</p>
   <p>We propose using the literal encoding for the following reasons:</p>
   <ol>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Consistency with the design of <code class="highlight"><c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>format</c-></code> which is locale-independent by
 default (<a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-p0645">[P0645]</a>) and disallows implicitly mixing encodings
 e.g. passing a narrow string into a wide <code class="highlight"><c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>format</c-></code> is ill-formed.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Consistency with the encoding used for width estimation (<a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-p1868">[P1868]</a>).
 The standard wording doesn’t mention the literal encoding explicitly but
 the fact that the format strings are either literals or other compile-time
 strings (<a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-p2216">[P2216]</a>) makes it the only conformant option.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Safety: the result of <code class="highlight"><c- n>formatted_size</c-></code> does not depend on the global locale
 by default and a buffer allocated with this size can be passed safely to <code class="highlight"><c- n>format_to</c-></code> even if the locale has been changed in the meantime, possibly
 from another thread.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Implementation and usage experience.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>In the vast majority of cases format strings are literals. For example,
 analyzing a sample of 100 <code class="highlight"><c- n>printf</c-></code> calls from <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-codesearch">[CODESEARCH]</a> showed that 98
 of them are string literals and 2 are string literals wrapped in the <code class="highlight"><c- n>_</c-></code> gettext macro.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>The active code page and the terminal encoding being unrelated on popular
 Windows localizations such as Russian where the former is CP1251 while the
 latter is CP866. Instead of assuming one encoding regardless of the string
 origin which would often result in mojibake, an explicit encoding
 indication can be done via the standard extension API, e.g.
 (exposition only)</p>
<pre class="highlight"><c- n>print</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- s>"Привет, {}!"</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>locale_enc</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>string_in_locale_encoding</c-><c- p>));</c->
</pre>
      This is already possible to implement by providing appropriate <code class="highlight"><c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>formatter</c-></code> specializations. 
   </ol>
   <p>This approach has been implemented in the fmt library (<a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-fmt">[FMT]</a>), successfully
tested and used on a variety of platforms.</p>
   <p>Users can sometimes restrict the set of used characters to the common subset
among multiple encodings (often ASCII) in which case encoding becomes mostly
irrelevant. Such "polyglot" strings are fully supported for legacy encodings 
and partially supported for UTF-8 by the current proposal even though mixing
encodings in such a way is a clearly bad practice from a general software
engineering point of view.</p>
   <p>Here’s an example output on Windows:</p>
   <p><img alt src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAABDUAAAGqCAYAAAAbeH/QAAAK42lDQ1BJQ0MgUHJvZmlsZQAASImVlwdUU1kagO976SEhQEIEpITeBOkEkBJ66L2JSkgCCSXEhKBgQ2VwBEcFERFQB3BURMHREZCxIBasKDbsAzIoKOtgQVRU9gFLmJk9u3v2f+e++53//fcv99x7zv8AIAdxxOIMWAmATFG2JMLPkxEXn8DA/Q4wgAqwwBbgOFypmBUWFgQQmZn/Kh/uAWhyvm0x6evfv/9XUeHxpVwAoESEk3lSbibC7ch4zRVLsgFAHUH0+suyxZN8B2GaBEkQ4cFJTp3mL5OcPMVopSmbqAgvhA0AwJM4HEkqACQrRM/I4aYifkhhCFuJeEIRwvkIu3EFHB7CSFwwLzMza5KHETZB7MUAkGkIM5P/5DP1L/6T5f45nFQ5T9c1JXhvoVScwcn9P7fmf0tmhmwmhhEySAKJfwQy05H9u5+eFShnUXJI6AwLeVP2UyyQ+UfPMFfqlTDDPI53oHxtRkjQDKcIfdlyP9nsqBnmS30iZ1iSFSGPlSLxYs0wRzIbV5YeLdcL+Gy5/zxBVOwM5whjQmZYmh4ZOGvjJddLZBHy/PkiP8/ZuL7y2jOlf6pXyJavzRZE+ctr58zmzxexZn1K4+S58fjePrM20XJ7cbanPJY4I0xuz8/wk+ulOZHytdnI4ZxdGybfwzROQNgMA2/gA4KQhwGikTtoA6yBEwgHIJu/PHuyGK8sca5EmCrIZrCQG8dnsEVcy3kMGysb5ORN3t/pI/EuYupeQvTTs7qsvchR/oDcmZJZXXIZAC2FAKg9nNUZ7AaAUgBAcwdXJsmZ1qEnXxhABBRAA+pAG+gDE2CBZOcAXIAHknEACAVRIB4sBlwgAJlAApaBlWAtKATFYCvYDirBHlAHDoDD4ChoASfBWXARXAU3wV3wCPSCAfAKjIAPYByCIBxEhqiQOqQDGULmkA3EhNwgHygIioDioSQoFRJBMmgltB4qhkqhSqgGqod+hk5AZ6HLUDf0AOqDhqC30GcYBZNgGqwFG8HzYSbMggPhKHgRnAovhfPgAngzXAHXwofgZvgsfBW+C/fCr+BRFEApoOgoXZQFionyQoWiElApKAlqNaoIVY6qRTWi2lCdqNuoXtQw6hMai6aiGWgLtAvaHx2N5qKXolejN6Er0QfQzejz6NvoPvQI+huGjNHEmGOcMWxMHCYVswxTiCnH7MMcx1zA3MUMYD5gsVg61hjriPXHxmPTsCuwm7C7sE3Ydmw3th87isPh1HHmOFdcKI6Dy8YV4nbiDuHO4G7hBnAf8Qp4HbwN3hefgBfh1+HL8Qfxp/G38C/w4wQlgiHBmRBK4BFyCVsIewlthBuEAcI4UZloTHQlRhHTiGuJFcRG4gXiY+I7BQUFPQUnhXAFoUK+QoXCEYVLCn0Kn0gqJDOSFymRJCNtJu0ntZMekN6RyWQjsgc5gZxN3kyuJ58jPyV/VKQqWiqyFXmKaxSrFJsVbym+phAohhQWZTElj1JOOUa5QRlWIigZKXkpcZRWK1UpnVDqURpVpipbK4cqZypvUj6ofFl5UAWnYqTio8JTKVCpUzmn0k9FUfWpXlQudT11L/UCdYCGpRnT2LQ0WjHtMK2LNqKqomqnGqO6XLVK9ZRqLx1FN6Kz6Rn0LfSj9Hv0z3O05rDm8OdsnNM459acMbW5ah5qfLUitSa1u2qf1RnqPurp6iXqLepPNNAaZhrhGss0dmtc0BieS5vrMpc7t2ju0bkPNWFNM80IzRWadZrXNEe1tLX8tMRaO7XOaQ1r07U9tNO0y7RPaw/pUHXcdIQ6ZTpndF4yVBksRgajgnGeMaKrqeuvK9Ot0e3SHdcz1ovWW6fXpPdEn6jP1E/RL9Pv0B8x0DEINlhp0GDw0JBgyDQUGO4w7DQcMzI2ijXaYNRiNGisZsw2zjNuMH5sQjZxN1lqUmtyxxRryjRNN91letMMNrM3E5hVmd0wh80dzIXmu8y752HmOc0Tzaud12NBsmBZ5Fg0WPRZ0i2DLNdZtli+nm8wP2F+yfzO+d+s7K0yrPZaPbJWsQ6wXmfdZv3WxsyGa1Nlc8eWbOtru8a21faNnbkd32633X17qn2w/Qb7DvuvDo4OEodGhyFHA8ckx2rHHiaNGcbcxLzkhHHydFrjdNLpk7ODc7bzUec/XCxc0l0OugwuMF7AX7B3Qb+rnivHtca1143hluT2o1uvu647x73W/ZmHvgfPY5/HC5YpK411iPXa08pT4nncc8zL2WuVV7s3ytvPu8i7y0fFJ9qn0uepr55vqm+D74ifvd8Kv3Z/jH+gf4l/D1uLzWXXs0cCHANWBZwPJAVGBlYGPgsyC5IEtQXDwQHB24IfhxiGiEJaQkEoO3Rb6JMw47ClYb+GY8PDwqvCn0dYR6yM6IykRi6JPBj5IcozakvUo2iTaFl0RwwlJjGmPmYs1ju2NLY3bn7cqrir8RrxwvjWBFxCTMK+hNGFPgu3LxxItE8sTLy3yHjR8kWXF2sszlh8agllCWfJsSRMUmzSwaQvnFBOLWc0mZ1cnTzC9eLu4L7iefDKeEN8V34p/0WKa0ppymCqa+q21CGBu6BcMCz0ElYK36T5p+1JG0sPTd+fPpERm9GUic9MyjwhUhGli85naWctz+oWm4sLxb1LnZduXzoiCZTsk0LSRdLWbBrSKF2Tmci+k/XluOVU5XxcFrPs2HLl5aLl13LNcjfmvsjzzftpBXoFd0XHSt2Va1f2rWKtqlkNrU5e3bFGf03BmoF8v/wDa4lr09deX2e1rnTd+/Wx69sKtAryC/q/8/uuoVCxUFLYs8Flw57v0d8Lv+/aaLtx58ZvRbyiK8VWxeXFXzZxN135wfqHih8mNqds7trisGX3VuxW0dZ7Je4lB0qVS/NK+7cFb2suY5QVlb3fvmT75XK78j07iDtkO3orgipadxrs3LrzS6Wg8m6VZ1VTtWb1xuqxXbxdt3Z77G7co7WneM/nH4U/3q/xq2muNaotr8PW5dQ93xuzt/Mn5k/1+zT2Fe/7ul+0v/dAxIHz9Y719Qc1D25pgBtkDUOHEg/dPOx9uLXRorGmid5UfAQckR15+XPSz/eOBh7tOMY81viL4S/Vx6nHi5qh5tzmkRZBS29rfGv3iYATHW0ubcd/tfx1/0ndk1WnVE9tOU08XXB64kzemdF2cfvw2dSz/R1LOh6dizt353z4+a4LgRcuXfS9eK6T1Xnmkuulk5edL5+4wrzSctXhavM1+2vHr9tfP97l0NV8w/FG602nm23dC7pP33K/dfa29+2Ld9h3rt4Nudt9L/re/Z7Ent77vPuDDzIevHmY83D8Uf5jzOOiJ0pPyp9qPq39zfS3pl6H3lN93n3XnkU+e9TP7X/1u/T3LwMFz8nPy1/ovKgftBk8OeQ7dPPlwpcDr8SvxocL/6H8j+rXJq9/+cPjj2sjcSMDbyRvJt5ueqf+bv97u/cdo2GjTz9kfhgfK/qo/vHAJ+anzs+xn1+ML/uC+1Lx1fRr27fAb48nMicmxBwJZ6oVQCEDTkkB4O1+pD+OB4B6EwDiwun+ekqg6X+CKQL/iad78ClxAKCuB4CoFQAEXQdgZyXS0iL+Kch/QRgF0bsA2NZWPv4l0hRbm2lfJHekNXkyMfHOBABcCQBfSyYmxusmJr7WIck+AqA9d7qvnxSlQwDUGFoFOwbd3zqWD/4m0z3/n2r8+wwmM7ADf5//CVwIHNZFq3CoAAAAlmVYSWZNTQAqAAAACAAFARIAAwAAAAEAAQAAARoABQAAAAEAAABKARsABQAAAAEAAABSASgAAwAAAAEAAgAAh2kABAAAAAEAAABaAAAAAAAAAJAAAAABAAAAkAAAAAEAA5KGAAcAAAASAAAAhKACAAQAAAABAAAENaADAAQAAAABAAABqgAAAABBU0NJSQAAAFNjcmVlbnNob3SheBvCAAAACXBIWXMAABYlAAAWJQFJUiTwAAACdGlUWHRYTUw6Y29tLmFkb2JlLnhtcAAAAAAAPHg6eG1wbWV0YSB4bWxuczp4PSJhZG9iZTpuczptZXRhLyIgeDp4bXB0az0iWE1QIENvcmUgNS40LjAiPgogICA8cmRmOlJERiB4bWxuczpyZGY9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzE5OTkvMDIvMjItcmRmLXN5bnRheC1ucyMiPgogICAgICA8cmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uIHJkZjphYm91dD0iIgogICAgICAgICAgICB4bWxuczpleGlmPSJodHRwOi8vbnMuYWRvYmUuY29tL2V4aWYvMS4wLyIKICAgICAgICAgICAgeG1sbnM6dGlmZj0iaHR0cDovL25zLmFkb2JlLmNvbS90aWZmLzEuMC8iPgogICAgICAgICA8ZXhpZjpVc2VyQ29tbWVudD5TY3JlZW5zaG90PC9leGlmOlVzZXJDb21tZW50PgogICAgICAgICA8ZXhpZjpQaXhlbFhEaW1lbnNpb24+MTA4MDwvZXhpZjpQaXhlbFhEaW1lbnNpb24+CiAgICAgICAgIDxleGlmOlBpeGVsWURpbWVuc2lvbj40MjY8L2V4aWY6UGl4ZWxZRGltZW5zaW9uPgogICAgICAgICA8dGlmZjpPcmllbnRhdGlvbj4xPC90aWZmOk9yaWVudGF0aW9uPgogICAgICAgICA8dGlmZjpSZXNvbHV0aW9uVW5pdD4yPC90aWZmOlJlc29sdXRpb25Vbml0PgogICAgICA8L3JkZjpEZXNjcmlwdGlvbj4KICAgPC9yZGY6UkRGPgo8L3g6eG1wbWV0YT4KmMfukwAAQABJREFUeAHsvXuQVdWV+H8buscEWh2mfnG+qNiKiTIoMQ6PsUljWuLPTCk+CPLomJkIJBkIX4hjI4FI+Ujlq9hjgxFxpk1gpCJStKIS7AyJSq7SiqOdKgyPQp0Wmoepb/zDkhDKFND9hbXPujdnd58+9zzu+9N/nHXPOXvvtfZn7/PovddZu6K6uronwR8EIAABCEAAAhCAAAQgAAEIQAACECgyAgOKzF7MhQAEIAABCEAAAhCAAAQgAAEIQAACQoBBDToCBCAAAQhAAAIQgAAEIAABCEAAAkVJgEGNomw2jIYABCAAAQhAAAIQgAAEIAABCECAQQ36AAQgAAEIQAACEIAABCAAAQhAAAJFSYBBjaJsNoyGAAQgAAEIQAACEIAABCAAAQhAgEEN+gAEIAABCEAAAhCAAAQgAAEIQAACRUmAQY2ibDaMhgAEIAABCEAAAhCAAAQgAAEIQIBBDfoABCAAAQhAAAIQgAAEIAABCEAAAkVJgEGNomw2jIYABCAAAQhAAAIQgAAEIAABCECgshAQjFv2upixZN8tIie3fFQIZuXdBuXSVPuS2LJyzN0iNw6uyrtthWSAcoqr/xwdsUCq19rydZHDe9y1/Xj9VDlAPzVcBsxrlR9bp57jAjWo/V7ZH7f0VdfxUt2pSIyUqk1b3yJywck1Iuc0GLlzYEWpVp16QcCTQNz3Z09FEU8U6/Vb6Pffo5MelpZ5Z8ZukcV2PyyW/qvdn/cXJWFksbWf23r2IACBIATw1AhCi7QQgAAEIAABCEAAAhCAAAQgAAEIFAwBl6eGjqh3LBzTp4HZmqHe+uQG0ff9e24UOerx1SKZ2eyzGQr2YL5GxOPqPwO7bxa2P3piisgjD4wWWb+lOifM88UvauW6V00znFaZknTm8M2hUUsmfxAC+e4/+dYfhFVfaYvd/r7qlM9jOmM8Z7zxNHxq/ofGHMvTULk3XXW8X3PLzfOrXxh/cZL771/AiPFnpv03LpV6HYT1OM3X+4vqbWy/U1Bc3225tiYOyPHNs43na3Nnbt6nMm0/fV+xPU3tdrX//9HyW5/4G0naNrpvT+o0n1sl3cmZk0XmioNdD/YhUMoE8NQo5dalbhCAAAQgAAEIQAACEIAABCAAgRImIJ4aOlLZMfVTqerm2cZTwx5J7J7XJOfvuvh7Iu3zYTmdufdlyfqLCvMt+uwbHpX9O3I0Qx7W7mzne2vxl0VFvSqyZrj0cLnLuPrPJyNrBOWIxG9Etm08w6AdXNiE1cOqWL9ZLmy6mVvXk9gjiTc0TDBSsxJLQ0kgy4jAWV+tk9oOWTdPpFcsKPs5F3XGOixirt+w5EozX6b9t1Bqn+v3F41Bc+uGhYKgdp3xxKi3YuLp/xfb7p8v6X6doxhTQdsPT7BC6cnYAYHwBPDUCM+OnBCAAAQgAAEIQAACEIAABCAAAQjkkUDl6e+9Gqf/rZiww4kh4OWBMWDVIknXnOj7mzgduQ0a/V9nSFav+28pf8E3zYjuqLb+Vw2w9Y1/8gHJf/juxSLT3/b1/02fjiRvPGFmlKZUmuAA9jd29jd1ouTUxrZj7tCTesrIiqRIe/US33xaikd+Pa1SZ7jsb5OrDq2VJH5Rx3XGP9OYKsotzcn5JvqqZ0RfskEtM9JrJDxTDjuWGQ8i24MnbP9xWxd8T3ntuepdydx88T+L1PZ/58GHZD/dH7tkX78tXfGPv5T9qPyqXzQzJf9aZ1YRWtluPE7s/ibK+tlofTJt/36Kyskpu9/k6/rvfR2Y6nv1d4UT1f7eesNdf2pPUBm3/rD3L5ujXn92fez7R9z22/qC7ke9/qLmD2qvV/rUN+TT/yxJ2mfuc5L2/d7gVU6ujvfuB0Zztq9fu365bj/7uqlde6WYZD9f1S4/T0Cv6zdVz0Nm9ZPUvvXDK3+m7y9WcaF3M+2/UfntXmDek6I+/0NXNGLGAd1fkBJqzusW2dXV93V+5JV2Of/udPNecsmnJ2R/Z5Y8jzNtPzGiADZ2P8r0+WWbrtdpsby/2fazD4E4COCpEQdFyoAABCAAAQhAAAIQgAAEIAABCEAg5wQqT3+HVygxBM7+xTYBsGnRrSKvu2SlyJ0ZRku+YskPJH2PtWqFzsT4fdM3pMGMnG9Tz4YJxlNk+2Xfl3JbW5aLbHzZRC9e3jlO9tUzZUbS55vC578r6d9LfVPo8Q2+pEok7OjKzuFeQmc4HjvxQzk3rv5VVxo9v/rBD8z5pe7z6RHec+S8V0wVV6Gnduyo66onaPTuinn3SdGNnUtFjmtw2ycHZdP/TF/Q/qP9Ij1T4mgyEw+J+W8bzwfjN3TqnOUxs9ZJfqzuNvlVu8zMdC2qf0f2m5YYV5UDM78j+//+Y7OqT62Z4IiNn2NGQr9NnzivVQ5tfXu9yAt9oo6HbX/VWygy19e/erTZ14H2q6Crv1yR6i/OqjvOfS9V3swbBHWzc/3aesNef2HbLy79anfY+1fY+0dc9oflp/miXn9R86sdccme+eZ+eOtrxuNxXIbP77j0By3H7gep621osJKCXr9aeqG1n9qVqfS7frV+78zou0S//Hre6/2l71LDH81V/7X7ndYz0/cn7adh31+8YtxkSu7kgE2S9OEN5nrfuvg52W9837wHP/K+Oa6ryQ1ZZ97ro+r1sy9X7ednR6bnwz6/tHy9vjoWBnt/1/xICJQSATw1Sqk1qQsEIAABCEAAAhCAAAQgAAEIQKCMCFQmPn9BYnjP0ViqrLENwkb/t0d+37RmJv2MtL+Z1vQVK9fJz03T+/cA8fp28+w9XZJ/b8VYLVLkH0dcK/Jr570i8qnlH5rz1reCmeo3mTPf6reD9eONB8aGmW1OZrdHw9YnN8jxXU9cI3LKn8xqMzpiPrGuVo5/vP4WkToDLTs53Byb0Ld9mZoQtP/YMyW2Z4zXuuMJq32136xuGyym7r74sMhBJ4xnxvJOWWQoMc2pSE3NRc6vjxwZr9B6jel6WAruWN0hcphHTJJCaf+oFHJ9/Ue1186/Y5mZ4bKvvyNdJibQ8drhkmXUyaTInUW+qkpc9y/lGPX+oeXkWka9/qLmj6u++m341Drj4vDG2r6fR3HpK7Rywl6/hdJ+QXlmev16lZtpfr/3F6/ygx4vtv6rz/l64xDVy7M30/eXoJzs9GqH/b5xo5NQY/VNzvJqhlHb71jd/WJxMmnX0Ox7vV8keuolQS/PXruYbvMc32wfd/bDPr+K9f7hgYHDEIhEAE+NSPjIDAEIQAACEIAABCAAAQhAAAIQgEC+CJgp5Hxp99Cr0ZK9PAs8skU+XLXfeDzYM6DqAdB0tfmGMKGrv0y6QHReemC3yBWf6Rtn94D35XzX4QtFakyFRKfsht6k1iXvGSZlDHdm5HWEvFfBzkjxhV/8s5yq6LxC5EU1JohEV7Lv6NW9yon5gI70T0xoLIjXRYPGsvCLQm+bk6/+Y9uR9/3/MTMDH1SMEVPGWqsK7Rp4mRzPd/vnnZNjQODrv1AMj2hHykOpxXiKDO+xCrRiyaiHl5Uq8G7U+1eis0p0xn3/CFyRkBl0ZjHs9Rc1f0izPbP9cdIsObfg5BqRcxzPtcRAzyxlfaLQ2i9oY6SuX+dFpu13Z5gijMOib3Gp/CHfX/T691WUYYJy7b9R7/8aC6Sp9iUhvXLMl0W+8FnjGd3Y/lvZf6vuHpHjrJhucjCGTdT283/PdHtAp0z2eT6qR1Jju+GRyuf8CPv8Kvb7h82BfQjEQQBPjTgoUgYEIAABCEAAAhCAAAQgAAEIQAACOSdQeXrFiF8uulMUT5hiZvA3bjEzYDm3xlFYvfdR+fUfb5gZ+yV3mo8GN7aEi0GQmhEIOaPgycGZCX/3gv7X306v571fijpoHDc8i830RDrWx0HJsnvWZJH2N/m9yzMjzhXWiWzHerDU9drVEWv9RlRHonV1mbd+7KyO4jPSH3f/6WVogR/QqOgdUz8VSzfPMp4as3QVAicWQ6G1f7awZu36z5bBOS5Xr5dZXzH3XU/1ViwZz3QZnoh6/7LVxHX/sMvN1X7U+2/U/FHrqd92/2HbQ1KU7fEYtfxSz5/v9ssW37NqjEdrImE8WlVP3Ne/lhtWlmv/DXv/Vw+PObUfCPLNsxaK3DhYPRqMZ/M93zXvxyNavi3nGy9uE+n/nirJMt4Ue/tFfX6V6v0j4w5AQgicIoCnBt0AAhCAAAQgAAEIQAACEIAABCAAgaIkUHk6XkTyjUVifJO1zrQ9kto9r0nS3bXleyLt8/bMeurb2gbzjW3QmZut7dtFz4oZk0SOejxcORNvny75L3/thyJnxTTjeOZes4rIrw63SLnf9PAoGd1k+N584GeSbs57zkenEb811lgf2n6PBVwtRlereab992LX3G/MEzll+d0ig34733HwsOQ7Z0K09pJCTm1s+xpNUH097Svj6j++imJKEJVf729btR115sRtqM03avu7Sy+cvWxd/4VTQ2NJ1P4TtT5B9Ue9f/nZa/dvv/tHUPtt/elvp43n4/U9v5EkK8fodej2gLTtC3r9Rc1v2x92PzVjO/4lKeKp+X2vAha2/FLNl+/2U/37uszcVmPdDQb1lldFaru23mU8/RIH3Z4Wfu8/Ryc9LOV0TD3HlHvICN1m+/pXPX5S6zknYP+Nys+2K+r9xy4v2/tpT5spoqru2otENndaHtWnVlg8/Tc8bk9pKTWRWvUlaPs52QtWaP/S93P7+WWfD/r8KNiKYxgEIhDAUyMCPLJCAAIQgAAEIAABCEAAAhCAAAQgkD8CslzHW4u/LBZMnOesPuGxisbH66dKusn6bX6W7T7zReOZ8ehtxhNi9g0rReMdHutdf2lxh5xPLnYbNqjdeGjEHXVZR0qfnW5mJGranzX6G9zLB1Qdcjw0QnqsuGvTe+/txd+Rg83rDadk8mTvRKeOeEV31m/5vFYf0cJS7e8R26Rn1X2S9NE6Y8fKbd/SrCJt/bZnz9yhfdtddWit5J/dkDTlOTEhzI73Nmj/8S4pN2eC8lOrdEZsxflOP6tzPJoy9EgK2/5+7Xcscb+YqOu+2+2v9sclc339F1r9w/afuPiH1R/2/uXHX+uV6f0jrP2qJ6wMe/2pvqj5tZyw8qyv1knWy19bJTKoJ2TKw+yq444JjrzqGdlPNpjDcd8//PpPru5fYdsvLvu3PrlBAO9qcd+vE86qDj/59nNy/oz7K0xDOFt9/1l9v2mnr7W420uvu4Z/MxnWO+3oKuTUTtjr3y4n7H7U/huWn21vvu4/th2Z7qunjcbMaLXaP13OAfm5edYckemYG+kUUX5FbT/VfazO6v96wpF+779Wct9dv+tXC9DryOv9N+z9Q8tHQqCUCOCpUUqtSV0gAAEIQAACEIAABCAAAQhAAAJlRKCiurra7VZQgJXXmeh3ZphvOuc4Hg+7Bl4m1urqGLVrr5R9L0+OAqxavyZ51TtobJJ+lZTBSTiWZiPbMx2ldv2XZqtRq1IhkI4hcqtU6eTMTFffKhUC1KOYCdB/i7n1Egnar7jbD+shkA0CeGpkgyplQgACEIAABCAAAQhAAAIQgAAEIJB1AhJTI+taIiqoftGsf/3lF52CnJgK7i88IyopoOw6Az37tn8Qq6o6N4vEQyNcI3n1n3ClkQsCEIAABPSb+qarNzkwqoECgaIhQP8tmqbq01Dar08sHIRAWRPAU6Osm5/KQwACEIAABCAAAQhAAAIQgAAEipdAUXhqFC/e/i3X9dFbW74uCYdb0U0GtS+V43Gv2tK/VZyFAAQgAAEIQAACEIAABCAAAQgUBwE8NYqjnbASAhCAAAQgAAEIQAACEIAABCAAAYtAUax+YtnMLgQgAAEIQAACEIAABCAAAQhAAAIQSOCpQSeAAAQgAAEIQAACEIAABCAAAQhAoCgJMKhRlM2G0RCAAAQgAAEIQAACEIAABCAAAQgwqEEfgAAEIAABCEAAAhCAAAQgAAEIQKAoCTCoUZTNhtEQgAAEIAABCEAAAhCAAAQgAAEIMKhBH4AABCAAAQhAAAIQgAAEIAABCECgKAlUxml1RWKkFDdtfYvIBSfXiJzTYOTOgRVxqqMsDwJHRyyQM60tXxc5vMed8OP1U+XA5JaP3CcKbE/rsemeo2LZsumrRcbdj9L9dqmUf/7Sm0Q2d1aLLPbNuGWvSxWW7LtFZKG3e7Hzzpf96X6cn/tvuevPV7uj1xAI2/8GzGuVArZOPceFclD7vbI/bumrruPslCaBsP2nNGlQKwiUJwH9v6PY/38qz9ZLsPpJuTY89YYABCAAAQhAAAIQgAAEIAABCBQ7gcqB3TcnGtvvlHrUrrtVpD2Tm57J+FTOb55tPABKZSa72BtR7T/dlqf/fvTEFJFHHhgtsn5LZh4HhTKjb9fjI6ceOwe662HPrMwdelLqa2+qDq2VQ14eQz2JPXJ+9boPRXaseVjk/jF3i9w4uEpktjdHJxm9HQvH9KkqqIeNjjjPGf+SlPfUfFO/hEd94tbfZyUK8KBvP6pIitUrs9wfCuX6K8AmwqQMCJTr9ZsBmn6TdK+aJufrV5lk+r7z5tB+sxX9Sb3fPHbih1IXP4+UoOmLHlCZVaDXc/DcV4SA33OvVz7rPSzbHk/6vqj/x1zf7XZNDvvepDP1lx7s//0xajeJar9f/kTigJjo9X+bXtdNVx3vsyqZ8uvVDzLsP6q0V36rH2Vqh5YXVCrHsP8/BdVXKumVm9f159f/lENc7U9MDSWKhAAEIAABCEAAAhCAAAQgAAEIQKCoCFR+MrImccXBQ2L0sa/cKHLU4yZ2wa6Bl8n+1LoTIg8fHijSa6Mz3hsaJkiSDZqQWBpKIqvydFue/huR+I3Ito1niEwMNqJYtqObFompteucGBAZeprYI7n2yN/qBz+Qcr1mpKpfXCjnJ9aYb6zfXHGt7G/M8jfVOjPYMVU9oYynhu0J1T2vSey56+LvibTPy8G/2Jz11TrZG7Junkgvj5Ns6f8LUwryp90/GjtNTJVxDe5v6JXPtue/K/V4r0BjBOX7/lvu+vPVybV/xn3/yFd9wurNd/8La3e+8m1t3y6qj911jcgpf3pZpP2c0Jm4+vHmPfCNB9ock92ek87BohXl2n/SHl4mpkxr6xumDaf335T283NG0nhw1zux2uzzz/+LOW97gvevxf+svi+e+8AVklg9k9VTtbVluRxvfHmySK/3JrV39r0m5tz/faNd0l86TETWNmHtV3tv3WDeW2vXufmrwfp82Hb/fDn0a+v95a3FX5bj9ZrBkXrdN7Y/K0ce6TKe33dY7+Nh+4+qS7eTsf/Ig1fKKW1HTZdtWSr/P2Wbk5YfV/+Lu/3x1NAWQkIAAhCAAAQgAAEIQAACEIAABCBQVATM6icV5tu5rQeuE+Ovu+RRkdurzEz12NeelP1fXH27yPNlm97oSGDU6OHpEb9gMQVU/8YTZkZ6SqX5ONa2x57J1xroiJOu2tIrNoPPN/W++R1FO5aZetkjnb75ffRrPYJK5Zbm5HxTd9UzUlSywV1itr+N1BG7TGNAuK3rvaczL8+0/15OLqgdLnLUyaRIr1VUKlauk/PPtn9bZOPFZmbKa4RfEoXYpEbCp/+t5N7hxA7x0jNglfFgaU70P0OWLvfPUm77zH2Ode586XTx6tdvNMOuthI1f6ZN8cdJsyTpXOfbz4duMjOVdsyRnlX3SbpH68yqIrNvWCn7/7plnEi9b4x/8gHZP3z3YpHpb3sPyL79TWtc11/vckRdwu961fvtnqvelQzNF/+zSL3/vfPgQ7Kfrk+X7PvXQ5L56ve975liUluv+2fY+tv6g7afGmaXo/z0vC296mGn89uP6/r1td/j+RO1/yzvjHb9KJ+w7a/545J637K/TfeL6aT2h31/CWv/2b/YJll/uehOkROmmOfFxi3uGFKZzmDmq/6+/dcB5HXdKf/0e5DJ4Hf/dIpN+Or3uH7sfGHvP2pHUKn6Z91m2n3l2AYpYu30n4ic5lPgH0eY/w++dp75/+Gp5R+aHE7MLn3/Wr3uv+X4ghmTRI56PN7VENXT4C3rvejMveZ5/qsPjefFjGsvEv3NnR8ZO61txbz75Iiu2tjQfpnsX22wWKnj2w1r/4DuL4gRNed1i+zq6vs978gr7XL+3enGk/uST43H1U6P2Gpas5MDNsnP5BvmvXNJjeGXSBh+UfuP6pl4u3EJGvK08cyeZXmCaLpClcpB3wN7Pf89rn+tj95/cn3/1/+3NHbMkKfNdWJ7UqXu67UvickaY+eFz8bT/+Jufzw1tGchIQABCEAAAhCAAAQgAAEIQAACECgqApV/ae1L2w7J7k+cEc1BlcYn4/dbtphkV5uPy4aZAZpEotMcjho9XGd8OhaeIwVunt13TAGjzXs7pMF4GGzT1S4mmBHh7Zd9XzLZ39bZM0X2N4GqSUfSvL6p1xFer2/ytZyENZJsj/AF1b97gamvPcOQMAO3iflvvy6qzZd0p37aI4ZW1HcdkQs7w56uZ7hfGgPi8teMp80sn5FkPy32TOYf1r0oWbw8NLS8XiPUPiP8mi+ozHQGLGi5PfNvkyy3OhzHdbo9NLS8bOnX8gtdnlVzgZg4aJvpb/a35Gq/zjjt6zJjwDNSMxaawsgrlvxAfvRYqw6l7h/2N60xXX9R77/H6kx/qV1mvmVdVP+O1KNpiZmiOjDzO7L/7z9eLbI2pvu/cu0Vg0m0JBL6XNhz1WY5Ynu4OckSUeuv5VyRqq+zapRz3Wj7vTnzBknabMXYGbvsp3K8sdNZRcKJyeJ1f/eqh9qRqYx6/XrZp9/Eqx1af/v5t91JELX/qJ7A148Tqyuu9lc7gkp9bqZWEal/1VWEnveL6RT0/cXLo8+lvJ8d+zn3WJ3p34ktbvv9nstav3zVP+z7l6IJ23+iXj+7rBB1Ye8/Wo+gUu+/rQ13m6xB37c+b56fw3uO9q/6f4yn4rsXBPMU6L9Q/7OZejKkZqynGY+V52YZT8w9f/cf/kqymMLPfr1+H95gnt9bFz8n1jS+b2JTPPK+Oa6reQxxVrf0es+xq6JcvDyno/YffT+vH/+BqH7pwEKRyeQ/WKb07elqJQq8q8+1sP8/PTfYxHBRD42g/7/Z/4fk+v5fvdd8kTHtXww6+//j+6vM+8ycWtM+m2eZ9tk4WP+fMJ48YftfttofT43AlwIZIAABCEAAAhCAAAQgAAEIQAACECgEApWJU6OtF3bvFlv++nnzjeWOZ41nw0NdxhXj6b3GoWNkliyeWFcrJX+83nxTFXYGwuvb1bP3dEn5eyvGumrg902gJtYYC5um3yqHrrvEjOTutGbAj024Rs57RRHX8lRG1m/N9OrIausTfyMq2kabEfheI7NBR+TV4CxJnfGYWjdUNBxO7gmlSUc67VggGqticsBv9ToOHhY7zpmQnW9BT197p/98Zzoklf/G5vjG2jYnk46sWmXErN8qveB3xww7z9hoPjGNbK/XN9uZ3j8iGxCyAL1vrm4bLCXsvtj0+0EnjGfG8k5z/9dvrGtSniofhdTYfzYdwb9/0Z8k4UOjzbfRdqyT/ksJfnbHMjPDZT9/jnSZmaLjVkweXR3soppuUWZfbzqTpTF9GofpE9Q9Ex7cUidHxOs36vNHPTXC9x93zYvt+tF+qjONG2b2fb/d+qRZB27XE/2/HyjHOdbqBF7vL2564fe8VkHRmUh9Ltv9u9DqH/T9KzwxkzPq9bPL8XRWO4Lef+yZXi0nV9IvJou+j+hqIsN7XsmVaaJHVxW5+cDPZH+O83xLWB4y9jf9qfv/3+XU3F7KMrVfPY3GdD0sZXSs7hBp1rJMJDJ9/1WPKzsm0Mfrpkp5vf6P6GVx2APmPfj2c007jas3Hq9amnpsdqwx9ds/xuP/Gs2QoVRu9atMhqD/Px31iSmjZmT6/pev+796bHy7tVVM3nb/CpFnDqgXOeTpvt+L5OSpjXIM3//ibX88NbRlkBCAAAQgAAEIQAACEIAABCAAAQgUFQGZgqva/4EY/bu/MjNInzngRLvdbzwndlV9Ts7rPFNcNdSRXJ3p6kr2Hb03U31aD3sEW789a7rafAOUim0xyYwQXXpgt6hY8RkzI2nr6x7wvhzqOnyhSK9vyicmzEjXViuWhWcUbWemLap+295i3/eK4uxXL3t1Gx159vpW2K88naFNGEciv+R5P6+reWj0bq+ZibgMTY2gLxxjFXnc7HusoqMzst+uNN+sdoTMHzU2gXriJIyDkFUHdvNFQGeoznvAfLP6b6lvOPNlUd961RNDY600WjEJ9PmmM91hPdD61h7D0ajPnxhMKOYiUjFNeoZJNYZbM6S96tZtPH4u/OKfzanOKleSwO8vrtzhd7xm3Nfuv1YK1dUt2jaeYZQYh65EodRfZwoDv3+FR2ZyRr1+LE+NqObkOr++V9/zXRMro7XFeAgkzeJfp8wx/f2Fh4yn0gdL/r+cmKixEpquMoCfm+14Vg+sdunX95cV5zueHHf9wZx3YvW4EudwJ1P71SR9z21KrU7xZTn1wmeNZ3lj+29l/626e0SOs2JCaTm6Cku9HnCklv/Wj52YUR75rWwBdk0/2fCfbU4edzul70+mPl73zwAK40ka8/Wfr/u/wrBX+Uv9H/F4/9eF9o/w/S/e9h+gFUJCAAIQgAAEIAABCEAAAhCAAAQgAIFiItCna4KO2E1O1cR8O60zUtmauM72t9qp6uiPDKMyp6MQ75ecB43jhpaSkjpjoN9o6UydRsd968dLJW1qpDRm/SlDivxHXP0g9S1zy/1C5JF/NB4Fmc7w6+oYVfs3S37bAygq5vQI9J1S1IQpZgZv4xb3DF6mejQ2zR+2PZSRvVH1V7+4UPTUv+i2UEduvVfRMSPx1Ylo+d1ag++pJ44dK8Fu5/S34ydESdqjzHiw+WlOzWg6y0W1/c494+mXv1zO68xZahWFgDFw8s3pWJ25zySTbksGtTv3/ZZ4Y5BEvX4TUZ8/OfrmvFCvn3Ssi4PS4LtnmTem1Df57m7wF3vumci/OJGXnzrjnnzDeOiqZ+NZF9eJPV6rkRVa/QO/f0WlHfX6iaq/QPLrN/mzvvJonxbpfX3Pa+Y9Kuqqdn0qOXVQPRy2Tv1Ukmye3X8sAH1fOn6+eS9cue1bfRZ9POE+r56mmb5H9lloHweD2q8xIPxWp1BPmhEt3xatjRcbjwj/+5QxUmPuHJ8xXA6MOpkUab8nmdRhtsZj3l5VM0xJOc1TYte/vYrU/658QHB6rdoVtf89kvo/Ot72x1Mjp1cByiAAAQhAAAIQgAAEIAABCEAAAhCIi0ClzkYHKTCumXT9Jlmjw8/9xjwxY8ryu0VmL9quqe2Ze1+WH7863CLym3euMnqtGTX9xjsVRfk956NSK4qyKTW9tevXODR97vSvbOt3a/Pf0xgDWVvtw8OEXpxiWiVAZxD+Y/t00bzim/NFjmpbI9JvpFlXxzi8L9xqLB7VTR22Z8iarHXG7ZH07nlNkveuLd8TqedTI6bjX5LjT83/0OjwWeUmLv1GWfFtdaZ70yLjKfOj7xmXk8l+179HFHUvAhpd/fLXzDepXjNV+br+vOzO1XHtv62LjorKXK12ErV+6sHzlfHmObJytGnfbD+31O6o1+/yqM+/HHlqZHr9KJdcSZv/YzNvENXNsX9znpsa6YzssYWzReHPD/8vkW/8vO9v3Qu9/r3eK6z3r6hUC+39LWp94s6vHhoddzn39THmPum1ipXeTxvbzfP4+p7fiEkrfVa7SOnJ0END66ke6fV6wJJa7jszdsuZ9KpEfXta5dr+tKfUFLGv7tqLRDZ3Wh6BTuyH4QE9RdXTfPZt/yDlVnXG67Fs3z+83s975t8m+m8+8F8i52T4/5ckzuKmVK5/7ecd08z/OQ851+lvP/vXQu/Z9h+JfOQfR4tUD6Wo/e/kYBPjUj0E42p/PDWy2OkpGgIQgAAEIAABCEAAAhCAAAQgAIHsEegzpkam6nQkT2NGzB160pX1WML9jbHXKiD6LaRX9Got1F7dQo+HlTqS/+z0h6WImvZnRSYbelxFVh36meynR2orZN+v/lqIrj88uyFpDjnRlaPq1/Ljknb0W/sbQ6/2i0v/kVfapahdT1wjcsqfzMh+1JlPja3xbov5ZnL2DSulfB1xtO3XEff68R/Iqfaf7nOS9D1Cb+cPuq8zBhPntUrWrR5R9FP9v9Ntx1lfrZN8Xt8++9kTVb9f+YV6XmcKmg2+RGPg699dsy8t7pAD6ejv5vyg9syihge9/vzuP5nef921yHwvqn7NP/veqaJ0eLd5fsy3Vo9Si+z7j+aP+vzR8oPKVP/ZYGaS7FWv7PJs++3zYffDX79mZibs8y+svV75gl4/Uds/an6tx9uLvyM/m9cbj89k0v0epOmy1f5aflSpnmu/dDzXrj9/qxT5nLXqia0nX/X3az+10+v9yy+/3/0z6vubeYtUK/MnNQZW01XH3UY4r8Gp+3FFUs7bnhNe+ZX7nDrHM9bHc9St3H9P39N+tGisSdxtDL7R4/0p4WG/v6bspIhuv5np1pgZrS3PiKHJBtveA3Jg86w5Ijc6q4n59X8t5eP1JjbJOMuDVc97tX8iw/6j949Hnfun/X9Hqh81ZOZhrXZlW0a9/rNtn1/5KQ8NZ/XBHQ+a2DHaPxIJp381TZCiOpz320ecGDN3bInW/9S+uNsfTw0li4QABCAAAQhAAAIQgAAEIAABCECgqAhUVFdXO+NpRWU3xpYwAR359V49I7uV1yjUbw5dJYpSq9VkV23g0nWkv7H9Vsl7cuZkkRprI3CBZAhEwJ7pqF17peT38gAKVDiJC55AKhZIi5kp9Fr9In2dmm/Fz33A/W1qwVc0SwZy/WQJLMVCAAIQgAAEypAAnhpl2OhUGQIQgAAEIAABCEAAAhCAAAQgUAoEIsXUKAUA1KHwCPx2kVnlY7sT4+CRrtzMbKa+MbOiAHtF6843Of2mv+lq821bIuGOtZFv+9APgZImoFHle4yz426Pyn4yskbOjOgx3zbvft8jIYchAAEIQAACEIAABEIRwFMjFDYyQQACEIAABCAAAQhAAAIQgAAEIJBvAnhq5LsF0N+LgHogaFTnTfcskDSj2laL3OmsHtMrY8gD+m337NvOlRI2z7pJZDoKcMiCyQYBCJQsgeoXF0rdJtb0v2pRImE8NDbPIuZNyXYGKgYBCEAAAhCAQF4J4KmRV/wohwAEIAABCEAAAhCAAAQgAAEIQCAsAVY/CUuOfBCAAAQgAAEIQAACEIAABCAAAQjklQCeGnnFj3IIQAACEIAABCAAAQhAAAIQgAAEwhJgUCMsOfJBAAIQgAAEIAABCEAAAhCAAAQgkFcCDGrkFT/KIQABCEAAAhCAAAQgAAEIQAACEAhLgEGNsOTIBwEIQAACEIAABCAAAQhAAAIQgEBeCTCokVf8KIcABCAAAQhAAAIQgAAEIAABCEAgLIHKsBnJ15tARWKkHJy2vkXkgpNrRM5pMHLnwIremSIcsfXVrr1SSrtjS3WEUgsn69ERC8SYTfccFbls+mqR2eO4VMo/f+lNIps7i4uj3R+y3f8EEpteBLTftrZ8Xc4N73En+Xj9VDkwueUj9wn2IJBHAtw/8gg/guoB81ol99ap57hKGdR+r+yPW/qq67i9EzW/XV6+9nPdf219pfb+la92RG9hETg66WEx6J0Zu0Vm6/+Zwqo11hQrATw1irXlsBsCEIAABCAAAQhAAAIQgAAEIFDmBFyeGjoi17FwTJ9YmGHsE0vJHBy37HWpy5J9t4jM10zywO6bRf+Pnpgi8qMHRovcObB/z4mw/bcnsUfKX73uQ5Eda8zI9P4xd8v+xsFVIuPeaD0b2++UomvX3SrS5p6eSftUzm+ebTwAis2TJG5+hVaetqf22yNOv63P0HMq39df2Oun0NqhXO3Jd/8pV+5x1dv28Lr04Fop2m9mtHvVNElXv8pYos+LN4dmZlnU/JlpIZUfAa5fP0KchwAEINA/ATw1+ufDWQhAAAIQgAAEIAABCEAAAhCAAAQKlIB4aujIfsdUnQk2nhr2THD3vCapxl0Xf0+kfb5A65gzs3TGf0PDBNG5QTXHHEtDiy1VObppkVStdp3jMeIz0x1X/61+caHonVhjvlF+c8W1sr/R55vksO3wycgayXrFwUMij33lRpGjHjexQ3YNvEz2p9adEHn48ECRXhv6nxeZ3BzX9hyR+I0obNt4hlE8ODf6w2qJ6/oJq598hUGA+0d+2+Gsr9aJAUOe/j8iH62fKfK6S1aK3FlkMZ7E6Bxu6L85hI0qCEAAAgVIAE+NAmwUTIIABCAAAQhAAAIQgAAEIAABCEDAn0Dl6e/AG6f/raTc4XwD7uWBMWCVmUFvTrhjG9hRoOcOPenWXJGU/ZVWjAI73/gnH5B0h+9eLPL6bl024IDs27EE0t+gjpXzu2dNFmnb75dOZyo3npgn+adUmo9T7WjiXjFFNL+dPtPo4zaHXvzEqvRmxzLjSfOvW9LHzC8zsz99/VOymy6nb3697T5uirnqGZHJBrOr20zro+mDSm2nOeNfkqxPzTcxLhIeMS00hkHU/mvbWbFynRx6tv3bIhsvbhNp9ys7X+j9ilck69YD14m87pJHRW6vMp4iY197UvZ/cfXtIs+XbXrTux3NuaDtFTamguoPe/349n+P+4cS8M3vJNTrxl4dyDe/j361I6hUbun7Rm6vv7iun6j8lEPQ/mPrDfr80Payy0nfN50UPu0f1n7Vr1K/qW+6yukHesJDv+qN2n96l2MUZ3r/CMvPzhe2/RRTsUrlMLXOBMHoWvu8VOWZ9u+I3HjtRSKbOz8q1ir2a7f2v6DXvxaq+dPXgTkTW/9VRY7U50ihvH9p/9FV93rdvyy77eefVb3Au8o/bPupQq/7X9Wh/mPLxFX/sPrD1l/fd1tbov3/EpWfX349nzi0O/WTHxAoVAJ4ahRqy2AXBCAAAQhAAAIQgAAEIAABCEAAAv0SqDz9HXjYb8DtEdIZSbMqQ32Le0ZBRzK3Pf9dMea9hjUid1khAq5Y8gM53mOtGpDKf/98Of9rzb/3Zdn/1YdTRc7wmNHQb1Uv37ZK0s3y+DZ1SIPxUNimI8MTjJ3bL/u+5GttWS6y8WW3R0jU6OFjl/3UlNv5Q5HjGl4V6cVXR9orJFV686XFZkQ7sexKOairLii/N2feIMebnRgRtt06Up2v1U9S7fSa004eHhpa42zFMDg5YJOoSL5hPJOWePQrtSMu+dI2E1vjJ46+QZXGJ+P3WxyXnKuHiaphX3A0dhppt2OqvTOMfp/20DhHCtw8u++YOo5WTxH0+lneOU7K0hmmoPePnU6smop590k5jZ1LRer1IzuuTf8eZkH1715g7hf2DGGi2yid//br8sPctU79tGfcrVULcn39Rb1+vO5Pmd7/tf20iYL3H81pZODnhxOzJmr/UyuC2q+eX3q9fiN5hRRVv9jdT7VfrHi+S87r83NnTP0n7P0javv3fv4b18ADM81qV/XOc1r52M8v5V7s8o8jjEfe184zHnsai+fIdONhec6MSVLFUY+b9xH7uin2+qv9Ya+fsP1X9Rb7+1fY55/WPy4Ztv30/vbYCef9t968/6pden71gx/IoXFWjLOo9dfyw+pXO4PWf3nA/18uPfhfomrFe4ONSuf/p6j2++XX98N3ZmhNkRAoXAJ4ahRu22AZBCAAAQhAAAIQgAAEIAABCEAAAv0QqEx8/oLE8J6j/STxPmXPMDy1vO8YCBqjYNP0W6Uwjea9y5lpVg36raJ6Iuhxr/w7O/dIktXr/lvkAmtGI716hJmyfmNtm1OkeyZM9Xh9u3f2HjNDtrdirCaNRepM10U1ZmrXtk+jeT/T/nvR1zhspKPXPZKtxnjxO9JlZnyO1w6XpKNOJkUWyoyPctBvig8nTbtqvTzlqb57+i9s//Us1znRcfCw/DpnQpZmyhz7L+zeLXr++vltInc8azyDHuoyF8jTeyvluLa+7MS4mVhXK6V9vN6sNqMzyEFVBL1+ot4/7NUAjk24Rkye8ifjwbXRx9Mnsn5rpjz1jewTfyN2tI2+W2QvO3zsCso9dPqI109kfpbHXND+Y9fb6/7n9fzQmDU6Qx70+WX3v7D260zzHVasKq3f1vbt5meBzZRFbf/ez3/j6Wnffwr9+aXtFFZ6eSie/QvzPNi0yP3eZPe7sHoLLV/Y6ydsPfS9o1Tev4I+/8Jy88oXtP00plP9eOOBsWFm3+/nW5806wjueqL/53vQ+setP2j97ff7BdZ7pv3/y9trnVWQBpr/X6La/8JnzX3Fj79Xe3McAoVIAE+NQmwVbIIABCAAAQhAAAIQgAAEIAABCEDAl4CZAvZN5pHAmem79ICZaV7xmb6L6x7wvhTQdfhCkbVWTACP0jM+7DWjoTNxN/X8p5S1rM39LZqtoGq/GTG2PRg0xkLT1SbWQsJjRs0uz29fR2r3dZmxpcY6E/MiscV4YuhMQmAPBj/FBX6+q2ufY2HfHjW5Ml9nCBPGkSFrarXf/e6vTLt/5sAi0bVkv/Gc2FX1OdmP21ND+5fOVHUlo3HXemR8/UwynjZR7x860z0x0SqctlqxLDyj4BfI/StrHSvbBcfML2j/qYhavzzbr+anPHxajKfCcF30SxOoLLTo8zHz02qWi9T7rz7fbU9Nfe/IdWynfPEPev1HtbNU3r9CP/+iArTyB22/o6fi+Z3+G9EzTOTw1R0ib5RtH5tu43F84Rf/bE52VokMW/9UTKmI+tXSoPXXfOpJ+ML0v5dDl3x6QuT20deKVE9CjbWTcP6NiWr/J1UO/4TxCG773RnGJKd8s8MWAsVFAE+N4movrIUABCAAAQhAAAIQgAAEIAABCEDAIVB52svhl4vulN0JU8wI6MYtZgTUl9L/mJHTdy8wI346wrjT+mZ8QLdxzag5b78UedA4bvgWrwlSI5IeI4peMxpnVdZJEYNenSfSnkHW8gtFHqu7X0xJJt0WDWpfKgfGWavKuFOVzl5NzUVOZT7qt1LqoRO6//ZbeiJxVo3xJKjav1lS5qr/vLX4y6LPrLFz+qfhoB492XIcyZS7GBfHJub7h87Y1K8yxulMqK5u8daPnetIo6fHrD8OJLksI/L1UyT8PJ8fVbl5fnm1qfbP2fdOlSRDnjaeGvbqMQUbfb5I2t+Lf76Pp2KSnHtSTBm+2MxUJxfblh2XA1XnTxJZ6qug2LXP1X6xv38Ffv7lCqyHnnSsuoOSYvcs88Zjx9Tpnb1vD96g9Y9bf287Mzui/7+86qy2940pjZJxbaV5/7z8NfP+Ocv6vyqy/SMys0/fgxMJ45GfWS5SQSA/BPDUyA93tEIAAhCAAAQgAAEIQAACEIAABCAQkUDl6VFC/WazafFzUlzj+2bGyB4x7Z7XJOfv2vI9kal1lg+3yP437zRTpBstj4LRTSZGwM0Hfibp5ljrLMvBfjYTb58uZy9/zaxjbY9YalaNkjynZbkc+vmh90Q+dUvfq7JovnxJjV78lfEviwkrR5v69VotIUcGZn21D4966Letma7yosXoCHfY/mv3by1X5Zhh58nPw/syXI1FM2Yo0yPgGWZwksXlUWFzn/sN49E0Zfndoinb/fBMXac9S/cPu36NQ92cs63frc1/L9fXX9TrJ1f3f39y/afwen7ku/3THozdUgE7lpA+H360aKypoBO7yqu2ue4/+eZnc1Beje3G8/T6nt9IkpVjcnM/s+3x3deYJAfXStI5DWtE2h6B6ZgrE+W8rh5Xqqug+HKLKYH2l1J9//J7/sWEMXQx9vPnsZk3SFnN6kkZumST0a/+2dYf1Hxd5eoxJ7beNZXnSxEbftrmFOX2UIlqv9/9Wz0EO6aeY/Qf6r9Gej0Vzf23/+pwtkgJ4KlRpA2H2RCAAAQgAAEIQAACEIAABCAAgXInIMuV6Df8E+c5qwd4RCH+eP1U4TW5U0cMzQz2s9MfluM17c+KTDb0uLhWHXI8NKyZCDt6/Zc8vikd1G48GMb5jOCmRh4/NHY27jN6szXjrN9E6zf7c4eab2O18scS7hgZ9ioMOtLavOE2yWKv2qDlqLTz6/G4ZM+q+6SoR+uM583Kbd9yFZ1t/UdeaRd9fuuRu4w6tRO+/9olmX0dcdb1u9t/us9JqP2+73y5Phq1/6m9+i2q1+ohmi51/VueWHo+qNSZlPD3j5Gi0uv6U3t0/fjZDUlzaKC580TVr+XHJfN1/YW/fqLd/+PipuUEfX7ku/31/n9P0wSpQkev55+J+fHCg8/I+f3/ZD8xteZGBu0/Ue8fUfn1Xxt33Upxb2KdiY70h20PSfVsDw2ts/1eM+Pai+TU8s7PifS6//m9f0Rtf7UvXzKq/Xr9Fev7l1/9tV28nn96Pt/y7cXfEROa15v3zmTS/R6t9tnvn3HVP6x+tSsueeaLxlOr+TbD4ZGTZt/Psz2s/Xr/Xn2/eb58rcXIZIOpkfabhn8z++ud43HVl3IgkA0CeGpkgyplQgACEIAABCAAAQhAAAIQgAAEIJB1AhXV1dVut4qsq0wrsEdaa9deKSfv2BJuRjzu8tKWZudX+lvZsaLAK/qzeg7ot2rnPjA6Eqfs1Ca+Uscte10KW7LvFpGTY/IMyNTCAY7H0ptDV0kWPw+hTMslHQQgEB+BYrvfx1dzSoIABKIS4P0rKkHyQwACECgsAnhqFFZ7YA0EIAABCEAAAhCAAAQgAAEIQAACGRKQmBoZpi34ZBXz7hMbF+i3aG2Djc0DC9R0J/r58B7jLLPbw8xPRtbImRE95hvr3e97JCyRw79dZFbZ2e7EaHmkKzeeKaloz9NMrICHxphVaRLW+uAlgplqQAACEIAABMqTAO9f5dnu1BoCEChZAnhqlGzTUjEIQAACEIAABCAAAQhAAAIQgEBpEyhqTw2NfbBV11GuSEprLR/zhMidBT7DXv3iQrFzYk3/q84kEsZDY/OsyZK+ObX6jOyW3Eajkt/zXeOhsumeBVLHUW2rRXpFiQ8LQr/Nn33buVLE5lk3idw4OFxsl7B2kA8CEIAABCAAgewT4P0r+4zRAAEIQCCXBPDUyCVtdEEAAhCAAAQgAAEIQAACEIAABCAQG4G8rn4SWy0oCAIQgAAEIAABCEAAAhCAAAQgAIGyI4CnRtk1ORWGAAQgAAEIQAACEIAABCAAAQiUBgEGNUqjHakFBCAAAQhAAAIQgAAEIAABCECg7AgwqFF2TU6FIQABCEAAAhCAAAQgAAEIQAACpUGAQY3SaEdqAQEIQAACEIAABCAAAQhAAAIQKDsCDGqUXZNTYQhAAAIQgAAEIAABCEAAAhCAQGkQYFCjNNqRWkAAAhCAAAQgAAEIQAACEIAABMqOAIMaZdfkVBgCEIAABCAAAQhAAAIQgAAEIFAaBBjUKI12pBYQgAAEIAABCEAAAhCAAAQgAIGyI8CgRtk1ORWGAAQgAAEIQAACEIAABCAAAQiUBgEGNUqjHakFBCAAAQhAAAIQgAAEIAABCECg7AgwqFF2TU6FIQABCEAAAhCAAAQgAAEIQAACpUGAQY3SaEdqAQEIQAACEIAABCAAAQhAAAIQKDsCDGqUXZNTYQhAAAIQgAAEIAABCEAAAhCAQGkQYFCjNNqRWkAAAhCAAAQgAAEIQAACEIAABMqOAIMaZdfkVBgCEIAABCAAAQhAAAIQgAAEIFAaBBjUKI12pBYQgAAEIAABCEAAAhCAAAQgAIGyI8CgRtk1ORWGAAQgAAEIQAACEIAABCAAAQiUBgEGNUqjHakFBCAAAQhAAAIQgAAEIAABCECg7AgwqFF2TU6FIQABCEAAAhCAAAQgAAEIQAACpUGAQY3SaEdqAQEIQAACEIAABCAAAQhAAAIQKDsCDGqUXZNTYQhAAAIQgAAEIAABCEAAAhCAQGkQYFCjNNqRWkAAAhCAAAQgAAEIQAACEIAABMqOAIMaZdfkVBgCEIAABCAAAQhAAAIQgAAEIFAaBBjUKI12pBYQgAAEIAABCEAAAhCAAAQgAIGyI8CgRtk1ORWGAAQgAAEIQAACEIAABCAAAQiUBgEGNUqjHakFBCAAAQhAAAIQgAAEIAABCECg7AgwqFF2TU6FIQABCEAAAhCAAAQgAAEIQAACpUGAQY3SaEdqAQEIQAACEIAABCAAAQhAAAIQKDsCDGqUXZNTYQhAAAIQgAAEIAABCEAAAhCAQGkQYFCjNNqRWkAAAhCAAAQgAAEIQAACEIAABMqOAIMaZdfkVBgCEIAABCAAAQhAAAIQgAAEIFAaBBjUKI12pBYQgAAEIAABCEAAAhCAAAQgAIGyI8CgRtk1ORWGAAQgAAEIQAACEIAABCAAAQiUBgEGNUqjHakFBCAAAQhAAAIQgAAEIAABCECg7AgwqFF2TU6FIQABCEAAAhCAAAQgAAEIQAACpUGAQY3SaEdqAQEIQAACEIAABCAAAQhAAAIQKDsCDGqUXZNTYQhAAAIQgAAEIAABCEAAAhCAQGkQqCykalQkRoo509a3iFxwco3IOQ1G7hxYUUjmYgsEIAABCEAAAhCAAAQgAAEIQAACeSSAp0Ye4aMaAhCAAAQgAAEIQAACEIAABCAAgfAECspTI3w14sk5btnrUtCSfbeInNzyUTwFZ1hKvvVnaKZnsmK337NinIAABCAAAQhAAAIQgAAEIACBgiSAp0ZBNgtGQQACEIAABCAAAQhAAAIQgAAEIOBHoKA8NXoSe8TeDQ0TjFTriaWhJJAQgAAEIAABCEAAAhCAAAQgAAEIOATw1KArQAACEIAABCAAAQhAAAIQgAAEIFCUBCrOrB7Xo6uNjH/yAanE4bsXi7y+u8ep1AGRm2d/XWRzZ7Vz3IgB81rlx8YT80ROqVwlcuvUc0wCZ/vx+qnyy45Vofnt9IPa75X045a+6ipHd+zVUoLa76VXy7elnz12er/9uPVrTIumq467VFcdWiv7XqvI2BznDj3pyq87O5aNkZ93bDHtH7f9qiesPDrpYcnasdDYaZfj1f80XdT8Wg4SAhCAAAQgAAEIQAACEIAABHJDAE+N3HBGCwQgAAEIQAACEIAABCAAAQhAAAIxE3B5augMvdeM/Lba/xL19oy/PWNvewZsv+z7kq+1ZazI3bMmi7Q9PuTgqY2W9+ZQ4/GRqafG3KH7pAjboyTT8tTTodhWP1G7HzvxQ6m/zcvvfKZ8tH28pOrJNb+0h4XxDLLb38tePR41v5aDhAAEIAABCEAAAhCAAAQgAIHcEsBTI7e80QYBCEAAAhCAAAQgAAEIQAACEIBATARcq5/YHhqqo2LlOvm5afqtIq+7ZKXInVZsDdtDY6ezasnZe7ok/d4K46khO1nY7FjWd8yPI10mJsjx2uGiddTJpEi1Lwum5KTIgd03i5768R+I3DCzzdHrjnmy9ckNcnzXE9eInPKnl0VuHFzlpDfi2IT+z7sSF9DOxLpasebj9beI9PIA8jI5an6vcjkOAQhAAAIQgAAEIAABCEAAAtklgKdGdvlSOgQgAAEIQAACEIAABCAAAQhAAAJZIuDy1Iiqo2q/8RiwPSBODtgkRTddbWQi4fYkiKo33/mPjlggJrS2GE+R4bpojBpWkZRfK8fcLdL2kNBkQeUnI2sky4ieYSKHr+4QeaNXQd3GY+XCL/7ZpOg0nhrdq6bJ/sSEWcVm69uvy/58p5y4V31xio0sdNWWi2q6payupImpkmn/ipo/cgUoAAIQgAAEIAABCEAAAhCAAAQiEcBTIxI+MkMAAhCAAAQgAAEIQAACEIAABCCQLwIZeWqkPAISnWJn2+/OMPYOzpfZhaW3eu+jYtCsrxjpaZ0Vw8IzXYYn0rFKDiMg2xYAAEAASURBVEoOv1Vl0sX27SmjHhv1ZtGZhHoyTFvfIlnf+vFSkfbqKuly8/urpuYix4CPQhkSNX8opWSCAAQgAAEIQAACEIAABCAAgdAE8NQIjY6MEIAABCAAAQhAAAIQgAAEIAABCOSTQEaeGhNvny42Xv7aD0XOitnjIJ8A/lJ3x8HDsnvOhEkiRz2+RqQdI+Qv88T5O6h+jVWSfGORmPHYzBtENi99NRazehJ7pJxn2n8vsnFo/8UGtd8uTVdzaWy/U05d3/MbkV6xSGz75n5jnqSfsjyz2CVR89v2sw8BCEAAAhCAAAQgAAEIQAACuSWAp0ZueaMNAhCAAAQgAAEIQAACEIAABCAAgZgIuDw1vrTYrJ6RXOwufVC78dCIO5aCHbNh7tCTLsXHEvfLfjJpDmd7FY6eVfeJokfrTAyJldu+ZRQ720LV//bi74iFzU7si2TSzVErYdvvx1/zVR1aKz9nNyTNoYEVesol88VPY4F4rd6iRn68fqr8nNzijrkRNb+Wj4QABCAAAQhAAAIQgAAEIACB3BLAUyO3vNEGAQhAAAIQgAAEIAABCEAAAhCAQEwEKs6sHtejq1vUrr1Sir1jS9+rY8Skk2IgAAEIQAACEIAABCAAAQhAAAIQgEBkAnhqREZIARCAAAQgAAEIQAACEIAABCAAAQjkgwCDGvmgjk4IQAACEIAABCAAAQhAAAIQgAAEIhNgUCMyQgqAAAQgAAEIQAACEIAABCAAAQhAIB8EGNTIB3V0QgACEIAABCAAAQhAAAIQgAAEIBCZAIMakRFSAAQgAAEIQAACEIAABCAAAQhAAAL5IFBRXV3dkw/F6IQABCAAAQhAAAIQgAAEIAABCEAAAlEI4KkRhR55IQABCEAAAhCAAAQgAAEIQAACEMgbAQY18oYexRCAAAQgAAEIQAACEIAABCAAAQhEIcCgRhR65IUABCAAAQhAAAIQgAAEIAABCEAgbwQY1MgbehRDAAIQgAAEIAABCEAAAhCAAAQgEIUAgxpR6JEXAhCAAAQgAAEIQAACEIAABCAAgbwRqIxTc0VipBQ3bX2LyAUn14ic02DkzoEVcaqjLA8CR0cskDOtLV8XOdxa3+bj9VPl+OSWjzxKKIzDWo9N9xwVg5ZNXy0y7n6U7rdLpfzzl94ksrmzWiQbCJQygQHzWqV6W6ee46rmoPZ7ZX/c0lddxwt1J30d5/b5M27Z64Jkyb5bRBb6fbVQ26/Y7cpX/yt2btgPAQhAAAIQiIMAnhpxUKQMCEAAAhCAAAQgAAEIQAACEIAABHJOoHJg982JxvY7RXHtultF2jNN6Zm8T+X85tnGA4CZ7Jy3V78KT7fl6b8fPTFF5JEHRous35KZx0GhzDja9fjIqcfOge562DNjc4eelPram6pDa+WQl8dQT2KPnF+97kORHWseFrl/zN0iNw6uEpmtjXJvuup4vyqKbea838pwshcB7Qe5nvHvXjVNbKlfZUzS+/2bQ3uZmJUDRyeZ6+2dGbulfK/rNCvKKTQ0Ae2vj534oZTh59ETNH1ow8iYFwK9nsfnviJ2rAz4HFUPTfU0vfRg/8/vqJXV9w19D76+2+3aGtSztdjs96t/InFAEHu99+t17fX+kim/qP2nV37rfTBTO8L2Jy8Ofu+fYfWRDwIQ6E0AT43eTDgCAQhAAAIQgAAEIAABCEAAAhCAQBEQqPxkZE3iioOHxNRjX7lR5KjHTeyCXQMvk/2pdSdEHj48UKTXRme8NzRMkCQbNCGxNJREVuXptjz9NyLxG5FtG88QmRhsRLFsRzctElNr1znfqGfoaWKPxNsj96sf/EDK9ZpRrH5xoZyfWGNiDLy54lrZ35jlmAJvLf6y6KmXbSKhI/65nrF31CMgUJQEeP7kttm2tm8XhcfuukbklD+9LNL2bNOZ4Prx5j3ijQfaHEPdnnfOwaIV5dr/1NOqY6GJydPa+oZpw+nBmlKf17PvNTG//u8b7VLApcOClRM0tb5vnPvAFZJVPVvTHhfL5Xjjy5NFenkoF5v9au+tG8x7T+0644Fdb8VaU8+9bffPl/r/2oqRZ7+/SKJTG73uG9uflUOPdBnP4Tus97mo/SfdTsb+Iw9eKfq0HdWebEl9X1tx/s9ExZwJJoag/v+kMQb93j+zZR/lQqCcCOCpUU6tTV0hAAEIQAACEIAABCAAAQhAAAIlRMCsflJhvn3ceuA6qdp1lzwqcnuVmake+9qTsv+Lq28Xeb5s0xsdyY0aPT89YjsmXfhf/LJn4vWU6t94Yp4cmlJpPg637fHKryPWOqLaKzZDRVLK9fo21De/Y+iOZaZe9ki1b34f/U7xgYVyS3NyYjpc9YyUlWxwF5ntmA464j5n/Eui+Kn5JsZFImRMC505e6b991LegtrhIkedTIr0WkWlYuU6Of9s+7dFNl5sZha9ZmgkUR42dr8Z/+QDYsXhuxeLTH8b3P83sWp6vq4/1a8zHva3uV7fpKq9e656V4povvifRer1+86DD8l+mkeX7Af9NthLf1T+cV9/XvwSWbp/CMwC2PTmaIzyu19FbT+/qtvlzx26T7LE1f9Uv9Y/7PNPywkqz/7FNsnyy0V3ipww5c8iN25xxyDK1IPQq/96XX9qb9T6926nk1q0S3o9v1V/+jlqsvn1Py3cV7/H9Wvni3r/V3sylap/1m2m3VeONS8Ma6f/RIowkXoyLS2RqJh3nyTWVfMa2o2n8NWm2MwLCphSPQ3eSrg9h87cazyPfvWh8RyZce1FUnJz50d9aig2+wd0f0HqUXNet8iuLnN/SlgcjrxiPGbenW48gS/51Hhc7fR5Lzs5YJOUm3zDeN4uqTH8EgnDL67+M/F24xI05Gnj2TvL8gTps7FiOKieKPXjjQfwczNXSqnp2G97ZH/1/eZ9+msthf0+GQMSioBA3gngqZH3JsAACEAAAhCAAAQgAAEIQAACEIAABMIQqPzLTC9tOyS7P3FGpAdVGp+M32/ZYpJdbT5uHGYGeBOJTnM4avR8nXHVbzI3zzYeDUFnxoc0mBHRbbrahfNt2/bLvi+Gtra4v41c3jlOjquHxoykzzeFz39X0r9nfVOoI/SNnUvl/LiGV0X23rhnAnSkOqz+3QtMfe0ZooQZeE/Mf/t1McF8CXnqpz3jY616oDNl+YrlcNZX68Tey18znjazfGYCevN1H9GR9Mbpfysn/rDuRZFeHhqau9cMg88MjebLt7xiiZnSOjDTWfWm0/Q3nUl8c+YNYmKzFSMkX9efXt/a71KrKNS7rx897/VN6rG626RetcvMt7SL6t+R/aYUj+/I/r//eLVJZ92/tPyw+qXQU5ug/O37ptoR9PrT9v1G0vkmfLH7PqPlrni+S0y1719qf7FKm6PyCLp6S9D28+Jl39d7Pxf6bp+o/S/o80+vP696+B2375OP1Zn7S2KL+/r1u69r/8xX/cM+v5VP2P5n95Og7x+7rBBncfVfrZefVE/I1oa7TdKQz2v10GydZjw+nptlZrz3/N1/+JmQ1fOZejIUq/16/T68wTw/ty5+Tng2vm/egx953xzX1fSGOKsj2jFzvBpBuXh53kbtP/p+p54SLx1YKKYkk/9gmZSZp6qVyXf3k5smSJrre8w/Qit/d4bJM9gIrb+u4jO8xxw/Yr1/mKNsIQCBOAjgqREHRcqAAAQgAAEIQAACEIAABCAAAQhAIOcEKhOfvyBxYfduUfzXz5tvZHc8azwbHuoyI5BP7zUOHSOzZN7Eulop+eP15pu4sDNIXt/enr3HzFDurRjrqsEfR1wr+1877xWRTy3vO4aDxljYNP1WSXfdJc63c85MuBZ6bMI18tMrCrymUxlZv+VpkRoZfuJvREXbaDOD0mtkPeSMitodt9QZq6l1Q6Xow0nzLWJQPTpTaccC2fGA8VyYHPBby46Dh8WEcyZMEjnq8TUi/Tw9gtodV/ody8wMi339HOkyMxXHPWKK5Ov6s2daNsxsc1C4Z7K3PmnWUdr1hPv6Wuuk1ut+dZuZItl9sWm3QSdWS4rlneb+Nc1JX+N82zuwe7wc0ZmeoPqfc2ZknGITYflr/rBSZ4rvsL6F1vJ0lYrEDD2C7ItA9Pb7khQ7bf09IlMeGpZnlOqO2v/t+7peB3MsT0Kv55/aEVVq/7JXQXlusPEc0vv6G2vd13eh1T/o8zsqt6jP/13m9SxlRvT+myoqpz/smAip59ff5dSMXsp0VZSbD/xMzs1xni8Jy0Om2O3X58eYroelnh2rO0SatRATiUzfn9Tjyo6J9fG6qVKefb+Sg7FsLpBSbj/XtNO4+h+4Sk15oq4x9ds/xuO92JUr852qg+b/iz1/3yiZ1jxh3sOG9zgeIrOMh/ev1FM086JJCQEIBCSAp0ZAYCSHAAQgAAEIQAACEIAABCAAAQhAoDAIyBRm1f4PxJrf/dWrIj9zYJHIJfuN58Suqs/JftyeGjpDf1FNt5Tflew7+rKczGCj9bBn0vXbwaarTTTmVHTnSWaE99IDu6X0FZ8xM7q2qu4B78uhrsMXiqy1vonTke6JiVY5v9WKZeEZBf2Ul8zpv6j6pZAS2nhF4faror26jc4ceH3r7VeeejgkjCORX/KiO5/v6+/oSBNNfUTPMGE33Joh6gW028x8XPhF8+11r/MBD6RWZQir35opDag+tuQpD60WnSHyKPqQuc95nOVwRAJDnNgCcxPmObZhaZtTotvzSNVE739VWpTIwM8/V+7wO16roKzdf60Uqp6QbRvd35wXSv1DP7/DIzM5y/z5rzPoK853PCHu+oPhMrAiKtlI+TUmT9NV5gb/3GzHM3eg+zoudvsVkr4nNdW+JIdWjvmyyBc+azyTG9t/K/tv1d0jcpyH55muIlMvqdIbLf+tH/+w3/zpHEF/mfeCDf/Z9/02fX8y9Um9P3S6759BtWr64+d/S37+e4t6ZoyR/VmOJ7e+Z6mnqOZDQgAC8RPAUyN+ppQIAQhAAAIQgAAEIAABCEAAAhCAQA4I9OmaoCOuk1MGfCS/9nWZMZBsTVzrt+66jnVKfbZ+/I8ZWX33AjNj7LX+djoK9n6x5KBx3Ohllc741K8yp1IjtOtb5MBbP14qMjXSHbP+XgYV6YG4+kEqFkPL/ULikX80I+h3ZBhb46wa40lTtX+z5Lc9gIoUr6fZcXH3VGCdSH/rf1DO7J5l7jipb6qt9OldZ8Ys4jfXUfXndz7x1GJGCeM7N/veqYJmyNPGU6O+xdyvlZfOKL5DTA1FkhWpnmL//2HzTXfHarOaQGJ237Fuova/rFQiRKHqCZl8w3h4qmfcWRfXSWleq1kVWv0DP79DsHJlKfPnv8ZyOn6+eS6v3GZmvF2MTu0cT7jP71gW7Dlul+e1rx4aW6d+Kkk2e1y3mr/Y7VcPvzm1H5j6zloocuNg9Ugxns33fNe8H49o+bacb7zYeET4P6cNKY25c3zGcDkw6mRSZHzvU+Y9zV6V0WjP4ta5fj+oMP3xyIN93+dTsXPO3S/G7Pb4/yGLllI0BMqGAJ4aZdPUVBQCEIAABCAAAQhAAAIQgAAEIFBaBCp1NjpIteKa0dV1qp9p/72on/uNeSKnLL9bZPaiJZvanrn3Zfnxq8PGk+KbdxoXi43WTGevKNjvOcseWFGwTanprV2/xqHpc6d/ZVu/W5v/Xr5W++jFaZhGbzExXvwt7ztF9d5H5cR/bJ8ucsU354sc1bZGpN9MwZhh50m6w/v2iCy1jc0919dfrxnemTcI4maPb3bj5p9v/XZ9gl5/aQ+ybinKjkWjq0v8aNFYo8qJHWTrZT9eAtUvmhnPiTVOjCUPj41C639RKeiM7LGFs6Wonx/+XyLf+LmZ2U3FsnIUFXr97fuj/fyOyqvQnv9R6xM0v3oE13tkTHuY7ZYU6VV91JPAnVHvd43td8qJ63t+I3Klz2oXqqcjQw8N1Vrs9qc9paZIlequvUhkc6fb0+/0Comn/4YnTIyRtt+5Y+PIyT42KU/C2/5BzlZ1xuvxat8/vN7veubfJvpvPvBfIud4vL8H7T+Zvl/q6jiXbzMxRTTWRh/IOAQBCEQkgKdGRIBkhwAEIAABCEAAAhCAAAQgAAEIQCA/BPqMqZGpKToSO82JGTF36ElX1mMJE8sgmTSHvVYB0W9ZvVYP0UL1m+XJlieFng8qdSbm2ekPS9aa9mdFJht6XEVVHXKicze4Z/j96q+FVB1aKz9nNyTNISe6d1T9Wn5csmfVfVLUo3XGc8X+xtWr/eLSf+SVdilq1xPXiJzyJ+NJE9VjR2NrvNvyLSl39g0mmrlXbA0dsa8f/4Gkb//pPpH2TKNzMLLQ6ODp9d2PmzKvekZkssHsZot/vq4/Bff24u/Iz2bnPpJMuu8jmi5b9c+3fq1f0OtPZ6ruaZogRXQs7hCZXKwlmphBLzxo+tH+f6rQEyL97l+Z3r9dhUbY0Sjy9n1Hi9T7qM7Y7hp4mZyK+vzR8uOWva4rZ3WfYVZMgELpf1Hrn15lwJkpP3+rFPmcteqJrSdf9ffr/2qn9jv7+e2X3+/6ifr8d1/Nam3uZe/nl2OD8xo1X1eDq0jKCT/PiVzVQJ/zKU+2bmPwjV6rcJWc/e6YGa0t7veNdDuY58jmWXPkkMbc8Ov/mv/j9SbWxDiP9/ao/UfvH4867w/280OvX31u+Hnoqt2ZSj/9g9qztepLphaSDgLlQwBPjfJpa2oKAQhAAAIQgAAEIAABCEAAAhAoKQIV1dXVznh6SdWLyhQxAR25X7LvFqlFXJ45mSLRKOhvDjUxVlKr1WRaAOkgAAEIQAACEIAABCAAAQhAICcE8NTICWaUQAACEIAABCAAAQhAAAIQgAAEIBA3gUgxNeI2hvIgcJrAbxc1CYjtToyTR7pGy75XDAw5GcMmFQV9mlnt5KExJqZHYnBVDKVTBAQgAAEIQAACEIAABCAAAQjETQBPjbiJUh4EIAABCEAAAhCAAAQgAAEIQAACOSFATI2cYEZJGAJHRyyQbJvuOSpy2fTVIuOOXp2O4r1Uyj9/6U0imzurRbKBAAQgAAEIQAACEIAABCAAgcIkgKdGYbYLVkEAAhCAAAQgAAEIQAACEIAABCDgQwBPDR9AnIYABCAAAQhAAAIQgAAEIAABCECgMAngqVGY7YJVEIAABCAAAQhAAAIQgAAEIAABCPgQYFDDBxCnIQABCEAAAhCAAAQgAAEIQAACEChMAgxqFGa7YBUEIAABCEAAAhCAAAQgAAEIQAACPgQY1PABxGkIQAACEIAABCAAAQhAAAIQgAAECpMAgxqF2S5YBQEIQAACEIAABCAAAQhAAAIQgIAPgUqf85wOQKAiMVJST1vfInLByTUi5zQYuXNgRYDS/JPa+mrXXimZ7thS7Z+5CFIcHbFArNx0z1GRy6avFpk9jkul/POX3iSyubO4ONr9Idv9TyCx6UVA+21ry9fl3PAed5KP10+VA5NbPnKfYA8CeSTA/SOP8COoHjCvVXJvnXqOq5RB7ffK/rilr7qO2ztR89vl5Ws/1/3X1ldq71/5akf0FhaBo5MeFoPembFbZLb+nymsWmNNsRLAU6NYWw67IQABCEAAAhCAAAQgAAEIQAACZU7A5amhI3IdC8f0iYUZxj6xlMzBcctel7os2XeLyHzNJA/svln0/+iJKSI/emC0yJ0D+/ecCNt/exJ7pPzV6z4U2bHGjEzvH3O37G8cXCUy7o3Ws7H9Tim6dt2tIm3u6Zm0T+X85tnGA6DYPEni5ldo5Wl7ar894vTb+gw9p/J9/YW9fgqtHcrVnnz3n3LlHle9bQ+vSw+ulaL9Zka7V02TdPWrjCX6vHhzaGaWRc2fmRZS+RHg+vUjxHkIQAAC/RPAU6N/PpyFAAQgAAEIQAACEIAABCAAAQhAoEAJiKeGjux3TNWZYOOpYc8Ed89rkmrcdfH3RNrnC7SOOTNLZ/w3NEwQnRtUc8yxNLTYUpWjmxZJ1WrXOR4jPjPdcfXf6hcXit6JNeYb5TdXXCv7G32+SQ7bDp+MrJGsVxw8JPLYV24UOepxEztk18DLZH9q3QmRhw8PFOm1of95kcnNcW3PEYnfiMK2jWcYxYNzoz+slriun7D6yVcYBLh/5LcdzvpqnRgw5On/I/LR+pkir7tkpcidRRbjSYzO4Yb+m0PYqIIABCBQgATw1CjARsEkCEAAAhCAAAQgAAEIQAACEIAABPwJVJ7+Drxx+t9Kyh3ON+BeHhgDVpkZ9OaEO7aBHQV67tCTbs0VSdlfacUosPONf/IBSXf47sUir+/WZQMOyL4dSyD9DepYOb971mSRtv1+6XSmcuOJeZJ/SqX5ONWOJu4VU0Tz2+kzjT5uc+jFT6xKb3YsM540/7olfcz8MjP709c/Jbvpcvrm19vu46aYq54RmWwwu7rNtD6aPqjUdpoz/iXJ+tR8E+Mi4RHTQmMYRO2/tp0VK9fJoWfbvy2y8eI2kXa/svOF3q94RbJuPXCdyOsueVTk9irjKTL2tSdl/xdX3y7yfNmmN73b0ZwL2l5hYyqo/rDXj2//97h/KAHf/E5CvW7s1YF88/voVzuCSuWWvm/k9vqL6/qJyk85BO0/tt6gzw9tL7uc9H3TSeHT/mHtV/0q9Zv6pqucfqAnPPSr3qj9p3c5RnGm94+w/Ox8YdtPMRWrVA5T60wQjK61z0tVnmn/jsiN114ksrnzo2KtYr92a/8Lev1roZo/fR2YM7H1X1XkSH2OFMr7l/YfXXWv1/3Lstt+/lnVC7yr/MO2nyr0uv9VHeo/tkxc9Q+rP2z99X23tSXa/y9R+fnl1/OJQ7tTP/kBgUIlgKdGobYMdkEAAhCAAAQgAAEIQAACEIAABCDQL4HK09+Bh/0G3B4hnZE0qzLUt7hnFHQkc9vz3xVj3mtYI3KXFSLgiiU/kOM91qoBqfz3z5fzv9b8e1+W/V99OFXkDI8ZDf1W9fJtqyTdLI9vU4c0GA+FbToyPMHYuf2y70u+1pblIhtfdnuERI0ePnbZT025nT8UOa7hVZFefHWkvUJSpTdfWmxGtBPLrpSDuuqC8ntz5g1yvNmJEWHbrSPV+Vr9JNVOrznt5OGhoTXOVgyDkwM2iYrkG8YzaYlHv1I74pIvbTOxNX7i6BtUaXwyfr/Fccm5epioGvYFR2OnkXY7pto7w+j3aQ+Nc6TAzbP7jqnjaPUUQa+f5Z3jpCydYQp6/9jpxKqpmHeflNPYuVSkXj+y49r072EWVP/uBeZ+Yc8QJrqN0vlvvy4/zF3r1E97xt1atSDX11/U68fr/pTp/V/bT5soeP/RnEYGfn44MWui9j+1Iqj96vml1+s3kldIUfWL3f1U+8WK57vkvD4/d8bUf8LeP6K2f+/nv3ENPDDTrHZV7zynlY/9/FLuxS7/OMJ45H3tPOOxp7F4jkw3HpbnzJgkVRz1uHkfsa+bYq+/2h/2+gnbf1Vvsb9/hX3+af3jkmHbT+9vj51w3n/rzfuv2qXnVz/4gRwaZ8U4i1p/LT+sfrUzaP2XB/z/5dKD/yWqVrw32Kh0/n+Kar9ffn0/fGeG1hQJgcIlgKdG4bYNlkEAAhCAAAQgAAEIQAACEIAABCDQD4HKxOcvSAzvOdpPEu9T9gzDU8v7joGgMQo2Tb9VCtNo3rucmWbVoN8qqieCHvfKv7NzjyRZve6/RS6wZjTSq0eYKes31rY5RbpnwlSP17d7Z+8xM2R7K8Zq0likznRdVGOmdm37NJr3M+2/F32Nw0Y6et0j2WqMF78jXWbG53jtcEk66mRSZKHM+CgH/ab4cNK0q9bLU57qu6f/wvZfz3KdEx0HD8uvcyZkaabMsf/C7t2i56+f3yZyx7PGM+ihLnOBPL23Uo5r68tOjJuJdbVS2sfrzWozOoMcVEXQ6yfq/cNeDeDYhGvE5Cl/Mh5cG308fSLrt2bKU9/IPvE3Ykfb6LtF9rLDx66g3EOnj3j9ROZnecwF7T92vb3uf17PD41ZozPkQZ9fdv8La7/ONN9hxarS+m1t325+FthMWdT27/38N56e9v2n0J9f2k5hpZeH4tm/MM+DTYvc7012vwurt9Dyhb1+wtZD3ztK5f0r6PMvLDevfEHbT2M61Y83HhgbZvb9fr71SbOO4K4n+n++B61/3PqD1t9+v19gvWfa/7+8vdZZBWmg+f8lqv0vfNbcV/z4e7U3xyFQiATw1CjEVsEmCEAAAhCAAAQgAAEIQAACEIAABHwJmClg32QeCZyZvksPmJnmFZ/pu7juAe9LAV2HLxRZa8UE8Cg948NeMxo6E3dTz39KWcva3N+i2Qqq9psRY9uDQWMsNF1tYi0kPGbU7PL89nWkdl+XGVtqrDMxLxJbjCeGziQE9mDwU1zg57u69jkW9u1RkyvzdYYwYRwZsqZW+93v/sq0+2cOLBJdS/Ybz4ldVZ+T/bg9NbR/6UxVVzIad61HxtfPJONpE/X+oTPdExOtwmmrFcvCMwp+gdy/staxsl1wzPyC9p+KqPXLs/1qfsrDp8V4KgzXRb80gcpCiz4fMz+tZrlIvf/q89321NT3jlzHdsoX/6DXf1Q7S+X9K/TzLypAK3/Q9jt6Kp7f6b8RPcNEDl/dIfJG2fax6TYexxd+8c/mZGeVyLD1T8WUiqhfLQ1af82nnoQvTP97OXTJpydEbh99rUj1JNRYOwnn35io9n9S5fBPGI/gtt+dYUxyyjc7bCFQXATw1Ciu9sJaCEAAAhCAAAQgAAEIQAACEIAABBwClae9HH656E7ZnTDFjIBu3GJGQH0p/Y8ZOX33AjPipyOMO61vxgd0G9eMmvP2S5EHjeOGb/GaIDUi6TGi6DWjcVZlnRQx6NV5Iu0ZZC2/UOSxuvvFlGTSbdGg9qVyYJy1qow7Vens1dRc5FTmo34rpR46oftvv6UnEmfVGE+Cqv2bJWWu+s9bi78s+swaO6d/Gg7q0ZMtx5FMuYtxcWxivn/ojE39KmOczoTq6hZv/di5jjR6esz640CSyzIiXz9Fws/z+VGVm+eXV5tq/5x971RJMuRp46lhrx5TsNHni6T9vfjn+3gqJsm5J8WU4YvNTHVysW3ZcTlQdf4kkaW+Copd+1ztF/v7V+DnX67AeuhJx6o7KCl2zzJvPHZMnd7Z+/bgDVr/uPX3tjOzI/r/y6vOanvfmNIoGddWmvfPy18z75+zrP+rIts/IjP79D04kTAe+ZnlIhUE8kMAT438cEcrBCAAAQhAAAIQgAAEIAABCEAAAhEJVJ4eJdRvNpsWPyfFNb5vZozsEdPueU1y/q4t3xOZWmf5cIvsf/NOM0W60fIoGN1kYgTcfOBnkm6Otc6yHOxnM/H26XL28tfMOtb2iKVm1SjJc1qWy6GfH3pP5FO39L0qi+bLl9ToxV8Z/7KYsHK0qV+v1RJyZGDWV/vwqId+25rpKi9ajI5wh+2/dv/WclWOGXae/Dy8L8PVWDRjhjI9Ap5hBidZXB4VNve53zAeTVOW3y2ast0Pz9R12rN0/7Dr1zjUzTnb+t3a/Pdyff1FvX5ydf/3J9d/Cq/nR77bP+3B2C0VsGMJ6fPhR4vGmgo6sau8apvr/pNvfjYH5dXYbjxPr+/5jSRZOSY39zPbHt99jUlycK0kndOwRqTtEZiOuTJRzuvqcaW6Coovt5gSaH8p1fcvv+dfTBhDF2M/fx6beYOU1ayelKFLNhn96p9t/UHN11WuHnNi611Teb4UseGnbU5Rbg+VqPb73b/VQ7Bj6jlG/6H+a6TXU9Hcf/uvDmeLlACeGkXacJgNAQhAAAIQgAAEIAABCEAAAhAodwKyXIl+wz9xnrN6gEcU4o/XTxVekzt1xNDMYD87/WE5XtP+rMhkQ4+La9Uhx0PDmomwo9d/yeOb0kHtxoNhnM8Ibmrk8UNjZ+M+ozdbM876TbR+sz93qPk2Vit/LOGOkWGvwqAjrc0bbpMs9qoNWo5KO78ej0v2rLpPinq0znjerNz2LVfR2dZ/5JV20ee3HrnLqFM74fuvXZLZ1xFnXb+7/af7nITa7/vOl+ujUfuf2qvfonqtHqLpUte/5Yml54NKnUkJf/8YKSq9rj+1R9ePn92QNIcGmjtPVP1aflwyX9df+Osn2v0/Lm5aTtDnR77bX+//9zRNkCp09Hr+mZgfLzz4jJzf/0/2E1NrbmTQ/hP1/hGVX/+1cdetFPcm1pnoSH/Y9pBUz/bQ0Drb7zUzrr1ITi3v/JxIr/uf3/tH1PZX+/Ilo9qv11+xvn/51V/bxev5p+fzLd9e/B0xoXm9ee9MJt3v0Wqf/f4ZV/3D6le74pJnvmg8tZpvMxweOWn2/Tzbw9qv9+/V95vny9dajEw2mBppv2n4N7O/3jkeV30pBwLZIICnRjaoUiYEIAABCEAAAhCAAAQgAAEIQAACWSdQUV1d7XaryLrKtAJ7pLV27ZVy8o4t4WbE4y4vbWl2fqW/lR0rCryiP6vngH6rdu4DoyNxyk5t4it13LLXpbAl+24ROTkmz4BMLRzgeCy9OXSVZPHzEMq0XNJBAALxESi2+318NackCEAgKgHev6ISJD8EIACBwiKAp0ZhtQfWQAACEIAABCAAAQhAAAIQgAAEIJAhAYmpkWHagk9WMe8+sXGBfovWNtjYPLBATXeinw/vMc4yuz3M/GRkjZwZ0WO+sd79vkfCEjn820VmlZ3tToyWR7py45mSivY8zcQKeGiMWZUmYa0PXiKYqQYEIAABCECgPAnw/lWe7U6tIQCBkiWAp0bJNi0VgwAEIAABCEAAAhCAAAQgAAEIlDaBovbU0NgHW3Ud5YqktNbyMU+I3FngM+zVLy4UOyfW9L/qTCJhPDQ2z5os6ZtTq8/IbsltNCr5Pd81Hiqb7lkgdRzVtlqkV5T4sCD02/zZt50rRWyedZPIjYPDxXYJawf5IAABCEAAAhDIPgHev7LPGA0QgAAEckkAT41c0kYXBCAAAQhAAAIQgAAEIAABCEAAArERyOvqJ7HVgoIgAAEIQAACEIAABCAAAQhAAAIQKDsCeGqUXZNTYQhAAAIQgAAEIAABCEAAAhCAQGkQYFCjNNqRWkAAAhCAAAQgAAEIQAACEIAABMqOAIMaZdfkVBgCEIAABCAAAQhAAAIQgAAEIFAaBBjUKI12pBYQgAAEIAABCEAAAhCAAAQgAIGyI8CgRtk1ORWGAAQgAAEIQAACEIAABCAAAQiUBgEGNUqjHakFBCAAAQhAAAIQgAAEIAABCECg7AgwqFF2TU6FIQABCEAAAhCAAAQgAAEIQAACpUGAQY3SaEdqAQEIQAACEIAABCAAAQhAAAIQKDsCDGqUXZNTYQhAAAIQgAAEIAABCEAAAhCAQGkQYFCjNNqRWkAAAhCAAAQgAAEIQAACEIAABMqOAIMaZdfkVBgCEIAABCAAAQhAAAIQgAAEIFAaBBjUKI12pBYQgAAEIAABCEAAAhCAAAQgAIGyI8CgRtk1ORWGAAQgAAEIQAACEIAABCAAAQiUBgEGNUqjHakFBCAAAQhAAAIQgAAEIAABCECg7AgwqFF2TU6FIQABCEAAAhCAAAQgAAEIQAACpUGAQY3SaEdqAQEIQAACEIAABCAAAQhAAAIQKDsCDGqUXZNTYQhAAAIQgAAEIAABCEAAAhCAQGkQYFCjNNqRWkAAAhCAAAQgAAEIQAACEIAABMqOAIMaZdfkVBgCEIAABCAAAQhAAAIQgAAEIFAaBBjUKI12pBYQgAAEIAABCEAAAhCAAAQgAIGyI8CgRtk1ORWGAAQgAAEIQAACEIAABCAAAQiUBgEGNUqjHakFBCAAAQhAAAIQgAAEIAABCECg7AgwqFF2TU6FIQABCEAAAhCAAAQgAAEIQAACpUGAQY3SaEdqAQEIQAACEIAABCAAAQhAAAIQKDsCDGqUXZNTYQhAAAIQgAAEIAABCEAAAhCAQGkQYFCjNNqRWkAAAhCAAAQgAAEIQAACEIAABMqOAIMaZdfkVBgCEIAABCAAAQhAAAIQgAAEIFAaBBjUKI12pBYQgAAEIAABCEAAAhCAAAQgAIGyI8CgRtk1ORWGAAQgAAEIQAACEIAABCAAAQiUBgEGNUqjHakFBCAAAQhAAAIQgAAEIAABCECg7AgwqFF2TU6FIQABCEAAAhCAAAQgAAEIQAACpUGAQY3SaEdqAQEIQAACEIAABCAAAQhAAAIQKDsCDGqUXZNTYQhAAAIQgAAEIAABCEAAAhCAQGkQYFCjNNqRWkAAAhCAAAQgAAEIQAACEIAABMqOAIMaZdfkVBgCEIAABCAAAQhAAAIQgAAEIFAaBBjUKI12pBYQgAAEIAABCEAAAhCAAAQgAIGyI8CgRtk1ORWGAAQgAAEIQAACEIAABCAAAQiUBoHKTKoxbtnrkmzJvltETm75KJNspMkxgYrESNE4bX2LyAUn14ic02DkzoEVObYIdRCAAAQgAAEIQAACEIAABCAAgewRwFMje2wpGQIQgAAEIAABCEAAAhCAAAQgAIEsEujXU+PoiAWies74l0Q+Nf9DY8rgqiyaFL5oPErCs4sjZ77551t/VIbFbn/U+pMfAhCAAAQgAAEIQAACEIBAUAJ4agQlRnoIQAACEIAABCAAAQhAAAIQgAAECoJAv54aZ321Towcsm6eyI0F6qFRECQLwIiexB6xYkPDBCPVJmJpKAkkBCAAAQhAAAIQgAAEIAABCJQQATw1SqgxqQoEIAABCEAAAhCAAAQgAAEIQKCcCFRUV1f32BUe2H2zHGpsv1XkyZmTRTZ3VttJZd9edWPu0JPudBVJ2V855m6R6vFh56tde6Wcv2OLW8/RSQ/L8Xdm7Bapq3nsXvCM7G+deo5Iv82g9nslybilr/aZ1LbHb/UQO/34Jx+Qcg/fvVjk9d2K9oDsb579dZE2xwHzWuX4xhPGI2ZK5SrZt+v18fqpctxefUbz2+mD1jeo/V56xcg+Nn729JGl30Nx69eYFk1XHXfprTq0Vva139mryNj9oFf/d0rbsWyM/NL+Hbf9LqND7AStv8bcaW0x/XrI0333z1S5tSY2j30fUFNT6QLy1/xICEAAAhCAAAQgAAEIQKD8COCpUX5tTo0hAAEIQAACEIAABCAAAQhAAAIlQaDPmBo982+Tyt36mvEYGJehh8aMpJmxrW/5yAVHZ6S3Pf9dOf5ewxqRuwa6kgXe6V41TfLUGzMTOtO7ZN8tctz2aAisIGCGK5b8QHL0PDBaZL3jcZKq//3z5fivnfrbM/5DGoznyTb1DJhgOG2/7PuSr7VlucjGl92eMzYH1ffmUEme8eaKJQ2S9sBMx36n3VPlzbxBzjc7ni623lzzj0u/2v3YiR9K/cbVuz159PzqBz8w5y1Pn4p598nxxs6l5nyDO78clI3bAyku+9Plh/ul9Qta/+q9j4rCaf9i9Nr98/4qw3NOreG2edZCSbhxsJtDWP3haksuCEAAAhCAAAQgAAEIQKCUCOCpUUqtSV0gAAEIQAACEIAABCAAAQhAAAJlRMDlqaGxAabWmSn+N9a2OSjcM6vK548jrpWfXzvvFZFPLf/QnLJWSalYuU6Ob5puYnRcd8lK2d/VaZIXyjbq6iF2zAStl1f9d1oeMF6xG87e0yVF7a0Yq0VmRe5Y1nfMjyNdJibI8drhonfUyaRI29MkK0ZlsVCNHVM/3ngSbJjZd3/f+uQGsWLXE9eInPKnl0VqbBg18diE/s9rukKRcdVfPTa+3Wpiw2y7f4VU8cwB9SKHPN13v4pLvyhhAwEIQAACEIAABCAAAQiUJQE8Ncqy2ak0BCAAAQhAAAIQgAAEIAABCECg+Am4PDX+OGmW1Ci16kfbYFNDr9gXn79Azl96YLfIFZ9xFWfyntp2D3hffncdvlBk7RdEJBIF5qnhWJU3UbXfeAzYHhAnB2wSm5quNjKR6NtzJm+GR1Rsr6IxXBeN0XI9Vs/R02HlJyNrJOuInmEih6/uEHmjV4HdxmPlwi/+2aTorBKpsTEmJoynwtb/1979x9hZ1gsCP9N2gluGZdc/SHpRilWxQfFKqJUiaGWN3gAuYqGlC1mlXTfldq2EAltoo2IMYEPBS6m5Q4TQRG+3lbpBrLeuWgcYxEB3A7YlFS3QX5pc/iBqJRrbmcXvc54p5+05PefMOTNzpvPpH+d73h/Pr8/7nv7xvt95nmefiv1pBpVSqd2rvtTqXrP72zX+3O7guq/E1/su7I049P/IN/8tnTK5K8XyZ7vbr6jcBgECBAgQIECAAAECE0JApsaEuMwGSYAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIETjyBitSKiy+cEyP8tye/HrGYMXDM8H+T3lz/6oz0xvusPx9O5QpzakwaSKkZ009/JY7vT4kbx1R3ou4YeiNdTk3Z8suT0lDLiTAn6rgbHVeek2HRR9NqGjXLFe6rmuc1eODoXCX7o8SuRZWrytSupnqmTM7YyKvx5Dlq5m9ImQvPfK28Okph9ZTa7YzskXaPv7gKzP+YckcMoNaqMe1uf2S11E6AAAECBAgQIECAQCcKyNToxKuiTwQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgEBdgcjUyHMaLLngx1Hg21+ovopJsbZTdqdVIH50ML2JvvbGdXHK5t5XK049b/UtsX35vm9FXPJiSlEYnPxCbL+8Nz1bWX7hpanc1scj5n5tunlW2r8/zd2RNo793L7/YOw87aLLIp7zzYci1s04KVdVfLM+NCfAwubqKVc3FC7+3IL4/r4nbou4qM0ZB0MNjfGXVv1b7X6z7ee5Svp+nu7P+69L99+aNmVS5NV0vtv/uxja8mnHH2Gz/S/WllcTWd5/Yxy6ZPBnEdfOWhmxuFpLu8Z/6LK7o/7t89Pv+euz0v8L//ff/YfY/0j/VyN+4x/Oi3jD1pTp0q72o1IfBAgQIECAAAECBAhMSAGZGhPyshs0AQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAY/wKRqfHv/9OFMZL3PZEyLRrNJMhvoh9ZkN7UTu9/JOrpW1i5fEX3gXKGRo2Mh20Pb4xyO3tvT+X7IpRK5VUv/um/fS92nHR75eoJ5bOGQnH1hbVPfnbo2N++jPQqFB9YsT3a61tR0ewb7aYMjdltygDItRczS66fdiQfivh6qdJzpMc/1v7Dbf/ZFZ8PrzXluS/6+iodM2rRr55/Ltd9YH18XbywL+0qrAKSzxtu/3P54cbhjn8oQ+OmlEn13J0pbj45ZWKUSmm1ni+tvii6tr38+/hGKZ2XMzaG2/5wx6scAQIECBAgQIAAAQInjoBMjRPnWhoJAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBCYUAJdp069ZnB5/5Ux6CPXNbr6w4QyqjnY4pv6OevPjXPzG+iaBR0gQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIEWhaQqdEyoQoIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgACBsRCY8rcVCFZ/JP3te6mU/xZ+LLqiTQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIBA4wIyNRq3ciYBAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECDQQQIeanTQxdAVAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAoHEBDzUat3ImAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAg0EECXT09PYMd1B9dIUCAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAg0JCBToyEmJxEgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQKdJuChRqddEf0hQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIEGhLwUKMhJicRIECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECnSbgoUanXRH9IUCAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBBoS8FCjISYnESBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAp0mMKWTOtRVOju6M39Db8RlRx6KuGRhijsmd3VSd/VlnAsU77c568+NEd2wtactI5t911NRz+o5P464dtbKiJtP7m5L/SohQIAAAQIECBAgQIDARBeQqTHR7wDjJ0CAAAECBAgQIECAAAEC41SgozI1xtowv1m/9eVPR1eu6H11VLs01u23Otjx3v9Wx688AQIECBAgQIAAAQIECIyugEyN0fXWGgECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQINAmgY7K1BgsvRDD2rjwohTzIM2lkSXEcSTwzIoPR2/n5j6bSyNLiAQIECBAgAABAgQIEGiLgEyNtjCqhAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIEBhtga5TemYP5tVGLnj4jmj/4MoVES8ZGCz3Z1/ExxZ/JuKaPZWrQ0xauin2bz68NOK8KesibrvqtIj547UNV8XX4lwVuXzx/Kn9X47zZ696PFdREYurVzTb/1rtVjTypo16/XnTqQ19bXf7eU6L1ef/taL97gPrY7vWKjJFx+unHakonzeeu2tWfM2rg7S7/7mdZmPd/nf1RZXF1UeK5easvzbOe/qz34541KH6/V8sf/T8KH70o0b7R0/wjQABAgQIECBAgAABAgSGIyBTYzhqyhAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQJjLlCRqZHfNNd6I//knH+NDhff+Bff2BczA55+7xej3KbeD0bcteiKiMWMj9j5xkeu7xfTUsZHo5ka1097OaooZpQ0Wl/OdBhvq5/kft9/+LYYf9Gr3vFGffL1qRVzO6PlV8yUuLovZRLVygQq3r87J783hpIzlWrd/4cuuzvO237zoYjFjI9aHodmLotDmx54a8Qt562MuNncGrXI7CdAgAABAgQIECBAgEBTAjI1muJyMgECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQINApAhWrnxQzNHInu9Z+J74+uuDKiJ84a23EHYW5NYoZGjvKq5ac+sLeOH93V8rUiI0R+Hjurupzfvxhb5oT4a9zZkSr5xzpi5j7NwJdGZUqJw9cHu3MveCliBuv21Jut3LOk20Pb4z9Ox/4WMR5f/pJxGLGwOsXHf94ufKOCX+c+fHoyydP/2nEb9/z29S3QiZErft3557KodS6/0/9/pNx4g9vSff/me//Syq4p7uyAlsECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgMKoCMjVGlVtjBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAQLsEKjI1Wq20+5WUMVDMgDgy6dGoevVHUiyVKjMJWm13rMsPzZ3QmzJFZuRFY3LHRmj1i9+fPT1amDn49ogzHtwe8VO53WIcSBkrxUyDgXXz48yLS2kVm23PPhXbXyiXb/eqL8VuDXv7XWdE0ffs2xXx3rdUv50HJv06ju89eGbEOe+OUCoVMjXKewUCBAgQIECAAAECBAgQGCcCMjXGyYXSTQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQKBSoPqr7cpzSkMZAeVX21t+eVI64+TCiRN0s2f3fTHyRR9NsSZDYa6Hmuc1eODoXCX7o0S9VWWOVls9UyZnbMxNi86UiquLPPO1VVFFcXWVo/WO8rffpMyTX52RMlbO+vPh6MCOgvOkgZSaMf30V+L4/pS4Mcqd1RwBAgQIECBAgAABAgQItFtApka7RdVHgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIjIpAQ5kaF39uQXTmfU/cFnFR4U34qPR0FBrZvv9gtHLaRZdFPOebD0UszhEyUl1ptv08V0nfz2+JLt1/3aUR16x6vC1dHCy9EPV8t/93EZdPO361zfa/WFtezWV5/41x6JLBn0VcO2tlxOJqLafsTqu4/Ohgbxy/9saUYrK599XYzh/nrU4+l+/7Vuxa8mI5xWhyPuP4MZe/snz/zy6s+nP80o4SIECAAAECBAgQIECAwEgJyNQYKVn1EiBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAiMqUJGp8YEVafWMvhWVbU7tTxka7Z5LoThnw/XTjlQ0/Hrp9tju60u7R3oVjsF1X4mG7rswvflf++RnU8Plz05t/9kVn48ertmQ+t3XV+mYB1Hsfz3/XK77wPr4unhhX9o1uSsfqoij7ZczSR5ZcHf0Y3r/IxH7Fg5W9Kv7QDlDY2Fl5k1xFKN9/1d00gYBAgQIECBAgAABAgQINC0gU6NpMgUIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgACBThDoOqVn9uD88hv+OevPjT7dsLWnE/qmDwTGtcChy1IGyfNX74pxLClkiozrwek8AQIECBAgQIAAAQIEOkBApkYHXARdIECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBJoXqJhTo/niShAgUBTIc5UsvuZDcah7z2MRR2sVnWJ/bBMgQIAAAQIECBAgQOBEFZCpcaJeWeMiQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQInuIBMjRP8AhveyAkcmrksKt/U+5mIMyoXXSlN7V8V+9u9atDIjUjNBAgQIECAAAECBAgQGF8CMjXG1/XSWwIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQKAs0NXT01N4v8yGAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIND5AjI1Ov8a6SEBAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBQRcBDjSoodhEgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQKdL+ChRudfIz0kQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIEqgh4qFEFxS4CBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECg8wU81Oj8a6SHBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAQBUBDzWqoNhFgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIdL6Ahxqdf430kAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIEKgi4KFGFRS7CBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAgc4X8FCj86+RHhIgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQJVBDzUqIJiFwECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIND5Ah5qdP410kMCBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECgioCHGlVQ7CJAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQ6X8BDjc6/RnpIgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIVBHwUKMKil0ECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIBA5wt4qNH510gPCRAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAgSoCHmpUQbGLAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQ6HwBDzU6/xrpIQECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIFBFwEONKih2ESBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAp0v4KFG518jPSRAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgSqCHioUQXFLgIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQKDzBTzU6PxrpIcECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIBAFQEPNaqg2EWAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAh0voCHGp1/jfSQAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQqCLgoUYVFLsIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgACBzhfwUKPzr5EeEiBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAlUEPNSogmIXAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAg0PkCHmp0/jXSQwIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQKCKgIcaVVDsIkCAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBDpfwEONzr9GekiAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAhUEfBQowqKXQQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgEDnC3io0fnXSA8JECBAgAABAgQIECBAgACBKgIealRBsYsAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBDofAEPNTr/GukhAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgUEXAQ40qKHYRIECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECnS/goUbnXyM9JECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBKoIeKhRBcUuAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAoPMFPNTo/GukhwQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgEAVgSlV9o36rtl3PRVt3vrypyNe0fvqqPehExvMLqvn/Di6t3bWyoibT+7uxO6OWZ+yU7vun0Mzl8VYNvV+JuKMwcqhvbbhqtjhPq10aXWrq3R2VDF/Q2/EZUceirhkYYo7Jne12oTyBAgQIECAAAECBAicYAIyNU6wC2o4BAgQIECAAAECBAgQIEBgoghUZGocuuzuGPf2m2ZVHf9IvaHe9vDGaO+LX/pUxHO++WBEb2arXoaO3dnujIlGB9qu+2fywOXR5FcfmBfxD3ecF3Hu1p5Gu9LSeWPl11KnT6DCY+0/1u23einHe/9bHb/yBAgQIECAAAECYyMgU2Ns3LVKgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQItCgQmRqTlm6KarZf9eeIjy1OmRpr9lS+oR5YujqO3/zOf4xYPB47h/Fxyu6fRKnvd6W/pV/ElNwNAAATE0lEQVR86X2xfcMovSEfRpdHpcgzKz4c7czNrZlLI0tUxHbdP78/e3rUO7P0s4hbNp+U2jm5ormO28gZVs9fvSv6Nl7noBgsvRD937jwohSztLk0soRIgAABAgQIECBAgEBBQKZGAcQmAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgMD4Euk6des3g8v4bo7d/V55DYLgZEq2uXtDsG+diexc8fEeM4+DKFREvGcjLVuyL7ccWp9UsihkmOVNl8+Glcd68KesibrvqtIj5o9acIsV+XD/tSC6SYldfxOLqJXXL5VpqlM+Hc8x/0776/L/mXRG7D6yPWO8NfvZvdE6V7FZ0qmj8TRtT+78cW7NXPf6mvaVSow7P3ZUyiGrdn7n/w81YGFr15IG3Rv+2nHf81WZyey+c/6s4f807/2vEfP2fv/PrsX30ftwb2/k+vPcffhjbrfpFJW98DF3/BlfLKbqP1e+n1n1U637J4221/7XazfUXY73+FM+vt93u9oeuf5O//6Jjvn+L/S/+/trd/2J7tgkQIECAAAECBAg0IiBToxEl5xAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIdJ9BVmnXb4KYG30zX633xjd+yIw9FkXoZArnevPrE8v4rY9eR666IWMysyOcX28tvGGu9UXxyzr9G0WJ/im8ci5kNT7/3i1FuU+8HI+5alPp1z57ZsT1/Q5oL5Oq+lAlyRe+rsT9/5PprtZ/PK8ZGMwfyG9r7D98WVRQzIeodzxkH229KmSk5k6CWe7GfeTu3c+vLn45dRYd8XjFmn19MSxkyxf4Xz6+13ez9k9ttNFOiVMiYWb/gn6IrObMl33f/Mvf52L/6/D0RH1v8tYgHvpZW9Zmz/tzYLmacDNcvKnvTx9Fx5TlyqmcojfXvp9b9lftf7344tv8vh0Lx/m20vnb5v+lSNPV1uO3ncsP9/TfqU28wuR/N/v7r1es4AQIECBAgQIAAgeMJyNQ4no5jBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAQMcKTCm964zSjMFDbelgq6sXHJn0aPTj7o3XRPzFdZdGXFOYg6FWZ/Ob8uIb8K6134kijy5IGSCfOGttbO8orO5SzNDYUV514dQX0lwIu7tSpkZu/48zPx5fP3n6TyN++57fpkOFVUoabT/X22jMmQlzL3gpimy8bku5aOWqNdse3hj7dz7wsYjz/pRWm9lc7ufFF86J/a9tSBkWtd6glysfsfD6RdX712iDzd4/A+vmR9VzU4JIqdHMmFLh+ub75sEtaZmUXe88GPVOPZwyM+7ZE4sMlVJrpdL06e8oD6kyo6fRcdY7L49r1t6749TtD26P+PY6c5KM9u+n3jiaPf7cXdUzUv6wN82p89c5M6LKc470Rcy/72bb6ZTz2/X7z+Np9feX6xEJECBAgAABAgQIjKaATI3R1NYWAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAg0DaB9Aq5bdW1p6I//LQ/KqqVWdCeVo6tpfuVlPFQfIObMwBWfyRlkpRK5UyIy86ISt6zb1fEe99SnXNg0q/j+N6DZ0ac8+4IpVKacqG80Xz4/dnTo9DMwbdHnFF+I/+pWlUNpDfWZ77/L3FG156/j/iO6QMR9/alOQmGxlernjbvz5kFF5c2Rc3bnn0q4hfK7TS76sRY3T9tZmm9ut+k6/1SV1o15oPXJtFztjwUde+c3HoTb66h6d/PmwuP4+9DGT69KVNkxmBhMIW5WHKGVOGspjdb/f2X9nRHm+3+/TU9EAUIECBAgAABAgQItCAgU6MFPEUJECBAgAABAgQIECBAgACBsROYcur3nyz98JYbowcXzUtv8DdvTW/wxqpbPbvvi6b/+efpjf2tN6ZJDzYXVhVptH9DbzTLqRFbfnlSKpqmQGi0mmPPK78J/9UZKWPirD8fjnN2FOZcmDTw7tg//fRXIu5PiRvxvZWPo3N97I9q8qos9efESJkmXYXGR3quh0Jzx2zmN8Z5jovi6hbPfG1VlKm3Okq7759jOtrhO/JqFtuvKq9+sihlaizKc8iU54opXv9awxqx30+tBsfZ/ny/Lfpo+n+rZvcL/y/UPK/BA63+/ovNtOv3V6zXNgECBAgQIECAAIGRFJCpMZK66iZAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgRGTGDK3+aL6Pv5LdHA6hXfi7j81+lvw4tv/AeWro7jN2/9x4jF48U368uOpL/dX7IwxeJcFVHJcT629T8dR++9+rKI53xzePVc/LkFUf59T9wWcVGb3piesjutIvKjg71R77U1MkrOW518L9/3rThvyYvlFJEW5zTIc33k63d/k6vF5NVqvtv/u+jX9f9lacR596yM2Ozf/m/ffzDKnXZRa9crKnnjo9i/5dPykcZiu+6fxlpr/axW/WbflTKbVs/5cXRm7ax8HctzwAyziyP1+xlmd0asWKv+rXas2fZb/f3X62+zv79m+1+vfccJECBAgAABAgQINCIgU6MRJecQIECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECHScQy3U8s+LD0bGLl5ZXn6ixisZrG66K867If5s/wsM55QcpM+O+a1ImxOJL10aLN2yt/ub5Ayu2x/G+FZUdm9qfMjTqzcVQWar+Vn6T+ciCu+Pk6f2PROxbWLn8QfeBcobGMDNW6vXk2RWfj1PWbEhOfX1HqhaptYpI/lv6WquP5MqGrn+NuU0G130lTr3vwtSPtU9+NheNWGy/mNlz/bTq/e4+sD7KL17Yl+orzwmRNmp/Nnv/1K5pdI4065d7deiydP/d+7byfXZhOaOpyYyk0f791Lv+r5dujyH29aWRFu+fPP52xeH6j3X7w/391/PP42r09zfWfrm/IgECBAgQIECAwMQSkKkxsa630RIgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAgRNGoKunp6cyraADh5bfRD9/9a7oXZ6jY+fk98b2/HKGwpz158Z2rUyODhzacbtUa9zNzk1y3EYmwEGO1S9y8U39ifb7qT5qewkQIECAAAECBAgQOJEEZGqcSFfTWAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAwAQSiDk1On28PT+4Kbr44R+Ue1qeU6Gr0zs+zP7lN+iLr/lQ1NC957GIMjSGB1rr/hlebUoRIECAAAECBAgQIECAQKcIyNTolCuhHwQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgEBTAuMiU6OpEY2jkw/NXBa93dT7mYgzCrObTO1fFfvbvWrLOCLSVQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgUFNApkZNGgcIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgACBThYYF6ufdDKgvhEgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQJjIyBTY2zctUqAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAi0KOChRouAihMgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQJjI+Chxti4a5UAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBBoUcBDjRYBFSdAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgTGRsBDjbFx1yoBAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECDQosCUFssrTuAYgckDl8e+5f03RpzznSsjXtH76jHn2nGswOy7noqd9x++LeLsVY8fe5I9BAgQIECAAAECBAgQIFCSqeEmIECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBMalwJRDM5eVNvV+Jjo/Y7DeGPbFCY8tTuev2dNTr4DjE1Bg8AvXxKivfOJLEWfL0JiAd4EhEyBAgAABAgQIECBAYOQFZGqMvLEWCBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAgREQSHNqdPVF1WtnrYy4+eTuiqaOzpGQ5kaoOGiDQEFgYN382DO7sN9mcwIH97/QXAFnEyBAgAABAgQIECBAYIIJyNSYYBfccAkQIECAAAECBAgQIECAwIki0NLqJ12ls8Nh/obeiBc8fEfEgytXRLxkIE/SUX0ujmL5q/vSXB3FVTJqrQZRLH/9tCPRbq2P5+6aFYdu2Fp9LpDczurz/1pRRfeB9bG9ZOFDEXdM7or4t/lI/vZvvM9Jksd968ufjvFk/2N8/+6ncbyY0XPMecXrUCcTqG75aPXox9T+L8fGh1al1VTy/Tdn/bmxv3h9D112d+x//updEYvXsW77dfoflb7xkdvZflO6z/L+HHO/rWaSRUQCBAgQIECAAAECBAi0JiBTozU/pQkQIECAAAECBAgQIECAAIExEmgpU6PY57+/9X/GrsE7zos4t5wRMWnppth+8vYvRPw/5YyHnZNjs+ZHfvM9lDnRX/PUOFArEyPXs/3W9MZ+3ubKuUNypsL9h2+LembPfbyioXz8wTtfSsdXpeM9u++L7UUfTTEXyucXMx/y8VKpeqbI0eNj+62YubB8z6ro0OyFZZfynCvF83KmzdzCaidD1/9///eo58Wh6//e2M6ZFse0U2Yoeub6c/vl05oOuXxuv9n+D2XslDNBtt90WvThscUpU8PqQE1fEgUIECBAgAABAgQIECDQlIBMjaa4nEyAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAh0ikBbMzVqZUp0rf1OjPfRBWn1lE+ctTa2d+6pzpBXW/nqLR+MEw7uPxDx3dVPb3hv9/69ce6Lb0nDzu3MvSBlYGy8bku5rspMim0Pb4z9Ox/4WMR5f/pJxOIqMeXC4zh8IPo+f8OXIg5lTpQzU4oD++PMj8euT56e5tr49j2/TacUVs+pdf2f7q4s//X/nFxLhfLb+p+OelffvDTivHtSps33Tk7NDfez1f7v3JPWd1l8zYeiC69tSHPCtJqhsX3/weEOSTkCBAgQIECAAAECBAhMKAGZGhPqchssAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBA4cQRSykKHjee81bdEj658Is1xcf7v0hv6X0w7fkc/sGJ7nNCXFl85enJ59Yp7Zj0Q+3aUMwEOzZwe2zMH3x5xxoOp/KeOlqz8NpBWcTnz/X9J+/d0Vx4f51v/cWHKgLi+9HKMZOOq6pkrQ8N81xnx9T370qoi95YzYIaOl78MTPp1fNt78MyIc3LKzZTGypd+k9xf6nprucY2hVb7X8g02rs3uXX6nClt0lMNAQIECBAgQIAAAQIExlxApsaYXwIdIECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBIYjMCqZGr8/u5wRUUqvtrf88qTU18KcCK9/5Buxf/Xbfhzx67PKcyzckjI16g2w1pweh2Yui6Kbtv+viGcuuiLiN15Ic2zs7tof27vK++vPiVA550YUPgE+XttwVYxi3pR1Ebc9+L00qsU15oooZ1D86ox0fc/68+E4P2fCpMKl0qSBlJox/fRXYtf+lLhRKnWnDIx65UvljIoZg4dyle2Jrfa/0Ivp099R3vNq4UhzmwPr5keBdJc2V9bZBAgQIECAAAECBAgQmEgCMjUm0tU2VgIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgcAIJjEqmxsWfWxBk7yvPkbGoPKdFVwHy9NNPjz3P3Xl5xM0np4yIkXrycmTSo9FO38/THB73X3dpbK+psdpHHBzBj7way/L+G6OVSwZ/FnHtrJURR2u1lZwpcHFpU7S77aG7I75S6Mcpu1MmzY8O9sbxa29MGR6beyszFfIcKZfv+1act+TFkyOeMvn45btKZ8d5Q6uL/EvKGMkOxfvnggvT9SttfTzKDWXo3Dwrtkv709wfaaNUarX/g5NfiKq+2/+7iNcvXBNx+U9qZLbkhmvEPN75G5LnsiMPxZlLFqa4Y3JxxDUqspsAAQIECBAgQIAAAQITRGCknhdMED7DJECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBMZKoK2ZGrVWH5nan1YxmV0nA2Jq/5fD4Yatw5uzolb7Gfe5O9Mb++KcGc+u+Hycsqb8hryv70guUhFz/+qNo6JQExvFzJFLzp8RpcdqtZWcsXHL25+Kfqx+ttyfoTk2UqbCIwtSJsf0/kfivL6FgxWj7j5QztA4JuOgsfJT+1dFfbMLGSAVjbyx8fqFt8euvr7ykfKqN/efd0/s2P3/lkd88M6XIubrOPz+p3ay01BmyzGr6OyLEx8bchve/Z1a80mAAAECBAgQIECAAAECWUCmRpYQCRAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAgXEl0NXT01P5Wr2J7hfnAJiz/twoPdxMiyaaPqFPnbS0PJfF/JTJMNpzaowX3PFy/82+K2W63Pu2Whkr40VcPwkQIECAAAECBAgQINBZAjI1Out66A0BAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECDQoEBb59RosE2nFQSGVunoTatmzCj1xRkyNApQ43RzW//TqedXj9MB6DYBAgQIECBAgAABAgQ6VECmRodeGN0iQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIEji8gU+P4PqNytGf3fdHOoo+mONToyd1DX30ZfwJ5zo/F13woOv/s+iURd0y2+sn4u5p6TIAAAQIECBAgQIBAJwrI1OjEq6JPBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAQF2BllY/qVu7EwgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECIyQgU2OEYFVLgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIjKyAhxoj66t2AgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAYIQEPNQYIVjVEiBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAiMr4KHGyPqqnQABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIEBghAQ81RghWtQQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgMDICvx/5EBL6MjoO5IAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" width="100%"></p>
   <p>At the same time interoperability with legacy code is preserved when literal
encoding is not UTF-8. In particular, in case of EBCDIC, Shift JIS or a
non-Unicode Windows code page, <code class="highlight"><c- n>print</c-></code> will perform no transcoding and the text
will be printed as is.</p>
   <p>The following table summarizes the behavior of formatted output facilities in
different programming languages:</p>
   <table width="100%">
    <tbody>
     <tr>
      <th>
      <th colspan="2">Linux
      <th colspan="2">macOS
      <th colspan="2">Windows
     <tr>
      <th style="text-align: left">Language
      <th style="text-align: left">Terminal
      <th style="text-align: left">Redirect
      <th style="text-align: left">Terminal
      <th style="text-align: left">Redirect
      <th style="text-align: left">Terminal
      <th style="text-align: left">Redirect
     <tr>
      <td>C
      <td>Correct
      <td>UTF-8
      <td>Correct
      <td>UTF-8
      <td>Wrong
      <td>UTF-8
     <tr>
      <td>Go
      <td>Correct
      <td>UTF-8
      <td>Correct
      <td>UTF-8
      <td>Correct
      <td>UTF-8
     <tr>
      <td>Java
      <td>Correct
      <td>UTF-8<sup>*</sup>
      <td>Correct
      <td>UTF-8<sup>*</sup>
      <td>Wrong
      <td>CP1251 (lossy)
     <tr>
      <td>JavaScript
      <td>Correct
      <td>UTF-8<sup>*</sup>
      <td>Correct
      <td>UTF-8<sup>*</sup>
      <td>Correct
      <td>UTF-8<sup>*</sup>
     <tr>
      <td>Python
      <td>Correct
      <td>UTF-8<sup>*</sup>
      <td>Correct
      <td>UTF-8<sup>*</sup>
      <td>Correct
      <td>Error
     <tr>
      <td>Rust
      <td>Correct
      <td>UTF-8
      <td>Correct
      <td>UTF-8
      <td>Correct
      <td>UTF-8
   </table>
   <p><sup>*</sup> - the output is transcoded from a different UTF representation.</p>
   <p>Correct means that the test message "Привет, κόσμος!" was fully readable in the
terminal output. None of the tested language facilities were able to produce
readable output when piped through the standard <code class="highlight"><c- n>findstr</c-></code> command on Windows.
Java gave the worst results producing both mojibake and replacement characters
in this case: "╧ЁштхЄ, ??????!". Most other languages produced valid UTF-8
when the output of <code class="highlight"><c- n>findstr</c-></code> was redirected to a file.</p>
   <p>The current paper proposes following C, Go, JavaScript and Rust and preserving
the original encoding (modulo UTF conversion). The only difference compared to <code class="highlight"><c- n>printf</c-></code> is that we fix the console output on Windows. Java’s approach is
problematic for the following reasons:</p>
   <ul>
    <li data-md>
     <p>There is a silent data loss for <strong>valid</strong> Unicode code points when the output
is redirected to a file.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>It is more expensive because of transcoding.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>It may give an unusable result when piped through standard Windows commands
like <code class="highlight"><c- n>findstr</c-></code>.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>It transcodes into legacy encodings that are rarely used in practice nowadays.
For example, usage of CP1251 dropped from 4.3% to 0.6% in the last 12+ years
(<a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-encoding-trends">[ENCODING-TRENDS]</a>), including a 0.4% drop while the current paper was
in review.</p>
   </ul>
   <p>The full listings of test programs are given in <a href="#lst">Appendix A: Unicode tests</a>.</p>
   <h2 class="heading settled" data-level="12" id="perf"><span class="secno">12. </span><span class="content">Performance</span><a class="self-link" href="#perf"></a></h2>
   <p>All the performance benefits of <code class="highlight"><c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>format</c-></code> (<a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-format">[FORMAT]</a>) automatically carry
over to this proposal. In particular, locale-independence by default reduces
global state and makes formatting more efficient compared to stdio and
iostreams. There are fewer function calls (see <a href="#binary">§ 13 Binary code</a>) and no shared
formatting state compared to iostreams.</p>
   <p>The following benchmark compares the reference implementation of <code class="highlight"><c- n>print</c-></code> with <code class="highlight"><c- n>printf</c-></code> and <code class="highlight"><c- n>ostream</c-></code>. This benchmark formats a simple message and prints it to
the output stream redirected to <code class="highlight"><c- o>/</c-><c- n>dev</c-><c- o>/</c-><c- n>null</c-></code>. It uses the Google Benchmark
library <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-google-bench">[GOOGLE-BENCH]</a> to measure timings:</p>
<pre class="language-c++ highlight"><c- cp>#include</c-> &lt;cstdio>
<c- cp>#include</c-> &lt;iostream>

<c- cp>#include</c-> &lt;benchmark/benchmark.h>
<c- cp>#include</c-> &lt;fmt/ostream.h>

<c- b>void</c-> <c- nf>printf</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>benchmark</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>State</c-><c- o>&amp;</c-> <c- n>s</c-><c- p>)</c-> <c- p>{</c->
  <c- k>while</c-> <c- p>(</c-><c- n>s</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>KeepRunning</c-><c- p>())</c->
    <c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>printf</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- s>"The answer is %d.</c-><c- se>\n</c-><c- s>"</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- mi>42</c-><c- p>);</c->
<c- p>}</c->
<c- n>BENCHMARK</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>printf</c-><c- p>);</c->

<c- b>void</c-> <c- nf>ostream</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>benchmark</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>State</c-><c- o>&amp;</c-> <c- n>s</c-><c- p>)</c-> <c- p>{</c->
  <c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>ios</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>sync_with_stdio</c-><c- p>(</c->false<c- p>);</c->
  <c- k>while</c-> <c- p>(</c-><c- n>s</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>KeepRunning</c-><c- p>())</c->
    <c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>cout</c-> <c- o>&lt;&lt;</c-> <c- s>"The answer is "</c-> <c- o>&lt;&lt;</c-> <c- mi>42</c-> <c- o>&lt;&lt;</c-> <c- s>".</c-><c- se>\n</c-><c- s>"</c-><c- p>;</c->
<c- p>}</c->
<c- n>BENCHMARK</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>ostream</c-><c- p>);</c->

<c- b>void</c-> <c- nf>print</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>benchmark</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>State</c-><c- o>&amp;</c-> <c- n>s</c-><c- p>)</c-> <c- p>{</c->
  <c- k>while</c-> <c- p>(</c-><c- n>s</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>KeepRunning</c-><c- p>())</c->
    <c- n>fmt</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>print</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- s>"The answer is {}.</c-><c- se>\n</c-><c- s>"</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- mi>42</c-><c- p>);</c->
<c- p>}</c->
<c- n>BENCHMARK</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>print</c-><c- p>);</c->

<c- b>void</c-> <c- nf>print_cout</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>benchmark</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>State</c-><c- o>&amp;</c-> <c- n>s</c-><c- p>)</c-> <c- p>{</c->
  <c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>ios</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>sync_with_stdio</c-><c- p>(</c->false<c- p>);</c->
  <c- k>while</c-> <c- p>(</c-><c- n>s</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>KeepRunning</c-><c- p>())</c->
    <c- n>fmt</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>print</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>cout</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- s>"The answer is {}.</c-><c- se>\n</c-><c- s>"</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- mi>42</c-><c- p>);</c->
<c- p>}</c->
<c- n>BENCHMARK</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>print_cout</c-><c- p>);</c->

<c- b>void</c-> <c- nf>print_cout_sync</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>benchmark</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>State</c-><c- o>&amp;</c-> <c- n>s</c-><c- p>)</c-> <c- p>{</c->
  <c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>ios</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>sync_with_stdio</c-><c- p>(</c->true<c- p>);</c->
  <c- k>while</c-> <c- p>(</c-><c- n>s</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>KeepRunning</c-><c- p>())</c->
    <c- n>fmt</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>print</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>cout</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- s>"The answer is {}.</c-><c- se>\n</c-><c- s>"</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- mi>42</c-><c- p>);</c->
<c- p>}</c->
<c- n>BENCHMARK</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>print_cout_sync</c-><c- p>);</c->

<c- n>BENCHMARK_MAIN</c-><c- p>();</c->
</pre>
   <p>The benchmark was compiled with Apple clang version 11.0.0 (clang-1100.0.33.17)
with <code class="highlight"><c- o>-</c-><c- n>O3</c-> <c- o>-</c-><c- n>DNDEBUG</c-></code> and run on macOS 10.15.4. Below are the results:</p>
<pre class="language-text highlight">Run on (8 X 2800 MHz CPU s)
CPU Caches:
  L1 Data 32K (x4)
  L1 Instruction 32K (x4)
  L2 Unified 262K (x4)
  L3 Unified 8388K (x1)
Load Average: 1.83, 1.88, 1.82
---------------------------------------------------------​-
Benchmark                Time             CPU   Iterations
---------------------------------------------------------​-
printf                87.0 ns         86.9 ns      7834009
ostream                255 ns          255 ns      2746434
print                 78.4 ns         78.3 ns      9095989
print_cout            89.4 ns         89.4 ns      7702973
print_cout_sync       91.5 ns         91.4 ns      7903889
</pre>
   <p>Both <code class="highlight"><c- n>print</c-></code> and <code class="highlight"><c- n>printf</c-></code> are ~3 times faster than <code class="highlight"><c- n>cout</c-></code> even with
synchronization to the standard C streams turned off. <code class="highlight"><c- n>print</c-></code> is 14% faster when
printing to <code class="highlight"><c- n>stdout</c-></code> than to <code class="highlight"><c- n>cout</c-></code>. For this reason and because <code class="highlight"><c- n>print</c-></code> doesn’t
use formatting facilities of <code class="highlight"><c- n>ostream</c-></code> we propose using <code class="highlight"><c- n>stdout</c-></code> as the default
output stream and providing an overload for writing to <code class="highlight"><c- n>ostream</c-></code>.</p>
   <p>On Windows 10 with Visual C++ 2019 the results are similar although the
difference between <code class="highlight"><c- n>print</c-></code> writing to <code class="highlight"><c- n>stdout</c-></code> and <code class="highlight"><c- n>cout</c-></code> is smaller with <code class="highlight"><c- n>stdout</c-></code> being 7% faster:</p>
<pre class="language-text highlight">Run on (1 X 2808 MHz CPU )
CPU Caches:
  L1 Data 32K (x1)
  L1 Instruction 32K (x1)
  L2 Unified 262K (x1)
  L3 Unified 8388K (x1)
---------------------------------------------------------​-
Benchmark                Time             CPU   Iterations
---------------------------------------------------------​-
printf                 835 ns          816 ns       746667
ostream               2410 ns         2400 ns       280000
print                  580 ns          572 ns      1120000
print_cout             623 ns          614 ns      1120000
print_cout_sync        615 ns          614 ns      1120000
</pre>
   <h2 class="heading settled" data-level="13" id="binary"><span class="secno">13. </span><span class="content">Binary code</span><a class="self-link" href="#binary"></a></h2>
   <p>We propose minimizing per-call binary code size by applying the type erasure
mechanism from <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-p0645">[P0645]</a>. In this approach all the formatting and printing logic
is implemented in a non-variadic function <code class="highlight"><c- n>vprint</c-></code>. Inline variadic <code class="highlight"><c- n>print</c-></code> function only constructs a <code class="highlight"><c- n>format_args</c-></code> object, representing an array of
type-erased argument references, and passes it to <code class="highlight"><c- n>vprint</c-><c- o>*</c-></code>. Here is a
simplified example:</p>
<pre class="highlight"><c- b>void</c-> <c- nf>vprint</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>string_view</c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>format_args</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>);</c->

<c- k>template</c-><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- k>class</c-><c- p>...</c-> <c- n>Args</c-><c- o>></c->
  <c- kr>inline</c-> <c- b>void</c-> <c- n>print</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>string_view</c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- k>const</c-> <c- n>Args</c-><c- o>&amp;</c-><c- p>...</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>)</c-> <c- p>{</c->
    <c- k>return</c-> <c- nf>vprint</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>make_format_args</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>args</c-><c- p>...));</c->
  <c- p>}</c->
</pre>
   <p>We provide <code class="highlight"><c- n>vprint</c-><c- o>*</c-></code> overloads so that users can apply the same technique to
their own code. For example:</p>
<pre class="highlight"><c- b>void</c-> <c- nf>vlog</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>log_level</c-> <c- n>level</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>string_view</c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>format_args</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>)</c-> <c- p>{</c->
  <c- c1>// Print the log level and use vprint* overloads to format and print the</c->
  <c- c1>// message.</c->
<c- p>}</c->

<c- k>template</c-><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- k>class</c-><c- p>...</c-> <c- n>Args</c-><c- o>></c->
  <c- kr>inline</c-> <c- b>void</c-> <c- n>log</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>log_level</c-> <c- n>level</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>string_view</c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- k>const</c-> <c- n>Args</c-><c- o>&amp;</c-><c- p>...</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>)</c-> <c- p>{</c->
    <c- k>return</c-> <c- nf>vlog</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>level</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>make_format_args</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>args</c-><c- p>...));</c->
  <c- p>}</c->
</pre>
   <p>Here <code class="highlight"><c- n>vlog</c-></code> that implements the logging logic is not parameterized on formatting
argument types resulting in less code bloat compared to a naive templated
version. As a real-world example, this technique has been applied in the Folly
Logger (<a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-folly">[FOLLY]</a>) bringing ~5x binary size reduction per logging function call.</p>
   <p>Below we compare the reference implementation of <code class="highlight"><c- n>print</c-></code> to standard
formatting facilities. All the code snippets are compiled with clang (Apple
clang version 11.0.0 clang-1100.0.33.17) with <code class="highlight">-O3 -DNDEBUG -c -std=c++17 </code> and the resulting binaries are disassembled
with <code class="highlight">objdump -S</code>:</p>
<pre class="highlight"><c- b>void</c-> <c- nf>printf_test</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- k>const</c-> <c- b>char</c-><c- o>*</c-> <c- n>name</c-><c- p>)</c-> <c- p>{</c->
  <c- n>printf</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- s>"Hello, %s!"</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>name</c-><c- p>);</c->
<c- p>}</c->
</pre>
<pre class="language-text highlight">__Z11printf_testPKc:
       0:       55      pushq   %rbp
       1:       48 89 e5        movq    %rsp, %rbp
       4:       48 89 fe        movq    %rdi, %rsi
       7:       48 8d 3d 08 00 00 00    leaq    8(%rip), %rdi
       e:       31 c0   xorl    %eax, %eax
      10:       5d      popq    %rbp
      11:       e9 00 00 00 00  jmp     0 &lt;__Z11printf_testPKc+0x16>
</pre>
<pre class="highlight"><c- b>void</c-> <c- nf>ostream_test</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- k>const</c-> <c- b>char</c-><c- o>*</c-> <c- n>name</c-><c- p>)</c-> <c- p>{</c->
  <c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>cout</c-> <c- o>&lt;&lt;</c-> <c- s>"Hello, "</c-> <c- o>&lt;&lt;</c-> <c- n>name</c-> <c- o>&lt;&lt;</c-> <c- s>"!"</c-><c- p>;</c->
<c- p>}</c->
</pre>
<pre class="language-text highlight">__Z12ostream_testPKc:
       0:       55      pushq   %rbp
       1:       48 89 e5        movq    %rsp, %rbp
       4:       41 56   pushq   %r14
       6:       53      pushq   %rbx
       7:       48 89 fb        movq    %rdi, %rbx
       a:       48 8b 3d 00 00 00 00    movq    (%rip), %rdi
      11:       48 8d 35 6c 03 00 00    leaq    876(%rip), %rsi
      18:       ba 07 00 00 00  movl    $7, %edx
      1d:       e8 00 00 00 00  callq   0 &lt;__Z12ostream_testPKc+0x22>
      22:       49 89 c6        movq    %rax, %r14
      25:       48 89 df        movq    %rbx, %rdi
      28:       e8 00 00 00 00  callq   0 &lt;__Z12ostream_testPKc+0x2d>
      2d:       4c 89 f7        movq    %r14, %rdi
      30:       48 89 de        movq    %rbx, %rsi
      33:       48 89 c2        movq    %rax, %rdx
      36:       e8 00 00 00 00  callq   0 &lt;__Z12ostream_testPKc+0x3b>
      3b:       48 8d 35 4a 03 00 00    leaq    842(%rip), %rsi
      42:       ba 01 00 00 00  movl    $1, %edx
      47:       48 89 c7        movq    %rax, %rdi
      4a:       5b      popq    %rbx
      4b:       41 5e   popq    %r14
      4d:       5d      popq    %rbp
      4e:       e9 00 00 00 00  jmp     0 &lt;__Z12ostream_testPKc+0x53>
      53:       66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00   nopw    %cs:(%rax,%rax)
      5d:       0f 1f 00        nopl    (%rax)
</pre>
<pre class="highlight"><c- b>void</c-> <c- nf>print_test</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- k>const</c-> <c- b>char</c-><c- o>*</c-> <c- n>name</c-><c- p>)</c-> <c- p>{</c->
  <c- n>print</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- s>"Hello, {}!"</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>name</c-><c- p>);</c->
<c- p>}</c->
</pre>
<pre class="language-text highlight">__Z10print_testPKc:
       0:	55 	pushq	%rbp
       1:	48 89 e5 	movq	%rsp, %rbp
       4:	48 83 ec 10 	subq	$16, %rsp
       8:	48 89 7d f0 	movq	%rdi, -16(%rbp)
       c:	48 8d 3d 19 00 00 00 	leaq	25(%rip), %rdi
      13:	48 8d 4d f0 	leaq	-16(%rbp), %rcx
      17:	be 0a 00 00 00 	movl	$10, %esi
      1c:	ba 0d 00 00 00 	movl	$13, %edx
      21:	e8 00 00 00 00 	callq	0 &lt;__Z10print_testPKc+0x26>
      26:	48 83 c4 10 	addq	$16, %rsp
      2a:	5d 	popq	%rbp
      2b:	c3 	retq
</pre>
   <p>The code generated for the <code class="highlight"><c- n>print_test</c-></code> function that uses the reference
implementation of <code class="highlight"><c- n>print</c-></code> described in this proposal is more than 2x smaller
than the ostream code and has one function call instead of three. The <code class="highlight"><c- n>printf</c-></code> code is further 2x smaller but doesn’t have any error handling. Adding error
handling would make its code size closer to that of <code class="highlight"><c- n>print</c-></code>.</p>
   <p>The following factors contribute to the difference in binary code size between <code class="highlight"><c- n>print</c-></code> and <code class="highlight"><c- n>printf</c-></code>:</p>
   <ul>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Passing format string as <code class="highlight"><c- n>string_view</c-></code> instead of <code class="highlight"><c- k>const</c-> <c- b>char</c-><c- o>*</c-></code>.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Capturing and passing argument type information.</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Preparing the array of formatting arguments.</p>
   </ul>
   <h2 class="heading settled" data-level="14" id="impact"><span class="secno">14. </span><span class="content">Impact on existing code</span><a class="self-link" href="#impact"></a></h2>
   <p>The current proposal adds new functions to the headers <code class="highlight"><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>print</c-><c- o>></c-></code> and <code class="highlight"><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>ostream</c-><c- o>></c-></code> and should have no impact on existing code.</p>
   <h2 class="heading settled" data-level="15" id="impl"><span class="secno">15. </span><span class="content">Implementation</span><a class="self-link" href="#impl"></a></h2>
   <p>The proposed <code class="highlight"><c- n>print</c-></code> function has been implemented in the open-source fmt
library <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-fmt">[FMT]</a> and has been in use for about 6 years.</p>
   <p>Rust’s standard output facility uses essentially the same approach for
preventing mojibake when printing to console on Windows (<a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-rust-stdio">[RUST-STDIO]</a>).
The main difference is that invalid code units are reported as errors in Rust.</p>
   <p>LLVM’s <code class="highlight"><c- n>raw_ostream</c-></code> <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-llvm-ostream">[LLVM-OSTREAM]</a> also implements this approach when writing
to console on Windows. The main difference is that in case of invalid UTF-8 it
falls back on writing raw (not transcoded) data.</p>
   <h2 class="heading settled" data-level="16" id="wording"><span class="secno">16. </span><span class="content">Wording</span><a class="self-link" href="#wording"></a></h2>
   <p>Add an entry for <code class="highlight"><c- n>__cpp_lib_print</c-></code> to section "Header <code class="highlight"><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>version</c-><c- o>></c-></code> synopsis <a href="http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2020/n4861.pdf#subsection.17.3.2">[version.syn</a>]",
in a place that respects the table’s current alphabetic order:</p>
<pre class="highlight"><ins><c- cp>#define __cpp_lib_print **placeholder**  </c-><c- c1>// also in &lt;print> and &lt;ostream></c-></ins>
</pre>
   <p>Add the header <code class="highlight"><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>print</c-><c- o>></c-></code> to the "C++ library headers" table in [headers], in a
place that respects the table’s current alphabetic order.</p>
   <p>
    Add after subsection "Header 
    <iomanip> synopsis <a href="http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2020/n4861.pdf#subsection.29.7.3">[iomanip.syn</a>]":</iomanip>
   </p>
   <ins>?.?.? Header <code class="highlight"><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>print</c-><c- o>></c-></code> synopsis [print.syn]</ins>
<pre class="highlight"><ins><c- k>namespace</c-> <c- n>std</c-> <c- p>{</c->
  <c- k>template</c-><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- k>class</c-><c- p>...</c-> <c- n>Args</c-><c- o>></c->
    <c- b>void</c-> <c- n>print</c-><c- p>(</c->​<i><c- n>format</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>string</c-><c- o>&lt;</c-></i><c- n>Args</c-><c- p>...</c-><c- o>></c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>Args</c-><c- o>&amp;&amp;</c-><c- p>...</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>);</c->
  <c- k>template</c-><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- k>class</c-><c- p>...</c-> <c- n>Args</c-><c- o>></c->
    <c- b>void</c-> <c- n>print</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- b>FILE</c-><c- o>*</c-> <c- n>stream</c-><c- p>,</c-> ​<i><c- n>format</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>string</c-><c- o>&lt;</c-></i><c- n>Args</c-><c- p>...</c-><c- o>></c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>Args</c-><c- o>&amp;&amp;</c-><c- p>...</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>);</c->

  <c- k>template</c-><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- k>class</c-><c- p>...</c-> <c- n>Args</c-><c- o>></c->
    <c- b>void</c-> <c- n>println</c-><c- p>(</c->​<i><c- n>format</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>string</c-><c- o>&lt;</c-></i><c- n>Args</c-><c- p>...</c-><c- o>></c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>Args</c-><c- o>&amp;&amp;</c-><c- p>...</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>);</c->
  <c- k>template</c-><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- k>class</c-><c- p>...</c-> <c- n>Args</c-><c- o>></c->
    <c- b>void</c-> <c- n>println</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- b>FILE</c-><c- o>*</c-> <c- n>stream</c-><c- p>,</c-> ​<i><c- n>format</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>string</c-><c- o>&lt;</c-></i><c- n>Args</c-><c- p>...</c-><c- o>></c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>Args</c-><c- o>&amp;&amp;</c-><c- p>...</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>);</c->

  <c- b>void</c-> <c- nf>vprint_unicode</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>string_view</c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>format_args</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>);</c->
  <c- b>void</c-> <c- nf>vprint_unicode</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- b>FILE</c-><c- o>*</c-> <c- n>stream</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>string_view</c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>format_args</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>);</c->

  <c- b>void</c-> <c- nf>vprint_nonunicode</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>string_view</c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>format_args</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>);</c->
  <c- b>void</c-> <c- nf>vprint_nonunicode</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- b>FILE</c-><c- o>*</c-> <c- n>stream</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>string_view</c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>format_args</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>);</c->
<c- p>}</c->
</ins></pre>
   <p>Modify subsection "Header <code class="highlight"><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>ostream</c-><c- o>></c-></code> synopsis <a href="http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2020/n4861.pdf#subsection.29.7.2">[ostream.syn</a>]":</p>
<pre class="highlight"><c- p>...</c->
<c- k>template</c-><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- k>class</c-> <c- nc>charT</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- k>class</c-> <c- nc>traits</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- k>class</c-> <c- nc>T</c-><c- o>></c->
<c- n>basic_ostream</c-><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>charT</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>traits</c-><c- o>>&amp;</c-> <c- k>operator</c-><c- o>&lt;&lt;</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>basic_ostream</c-><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>charT</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>traits</c-><c- o>>&amp;&amp;</c-> <c- n>os</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- k>const</c-> <c- n>T</c-><c- o>&amp;</c-> <c- n>x</c-><c- p>);</c->
<ins>
<c- k>template</c-><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- k>class</c-><c- p>...</c-> <c- n>Args</c-><c- o>></c->
  <c- b>void</c-> <c- n>print</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>ostream</c-><c- o>&amp;</c-> <c- n>os</c-><c- p>,</c-> <i>​<c- n>format</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>string</c-></i><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>Args</c-><c- p>...</c-><c- o>></c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>Args</c-><c- o>&amp;&amp;</c-><c- p>...</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>);</c->
<c- k>template</c-><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- k>class</c-><c- p>...</c-> <c- n>Args</c-><c- o>></c->
  <c- b>void</c-> <c- n>println</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>ostream</c-><c- o>&amp;</c-> <c- n>os</c-><c- p>,</c-> <i>​<c- n>format</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>string</c-></i><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>Args</c-><c- p>...</c-><c- o>></c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>Args</c-><c- o>&amp;&amp;</c-><c- p>...</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>);</c->

<c- b>void</c-> <c- nf>vprint_unicode</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>ostream</c-><c- o>&amp;</c-> <c- n>os</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>string_view</c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>format_args</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>);</c->
<c- b>void</c-> <c- nf>vprint_nonunicode</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>ostream</c-><c- o>&amp;</c-> <c- n>os</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>string_view</c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>format_args</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>);</c->
</ins></pre>
   <p>Add a new subsection to "Formatting and manipulators <a href="http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2020/n4861.pdf#section.29.7">[iostream.format</a>]":</p>
   <ins>?.?.? Print functions [print.fun]</ins>
<pre class="highlight"><ins><c- k>template</c-><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- k>class</c-><c- p>...</c-> <c- n>Args</c-><c- o>></c->
  <c- b>void</c-> <c- n>print</c-><c- p>(</c->​<i><c- n>format</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>string</c-><c- o>&lt;</c-></i><c- n>Args</c-><c- p>...</c-><c- o>></c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>Args</c-><c- o>&amp;&amp;</c-><c- p>...</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>);</c->
</ins></pre>
   <p>
    <span class="parnum">1</span> 
    <ins><em>Effects:</em> Equivalent to:</ins>
   </p>
<pre class="highlight"><ins>  <c- n>print</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>stdout</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>forward</c-><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>Args</c-><c- o>></c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>args</c-><c- p>)...);</c->
</ins></pre>
<pre class="highlight"><ins><c- k>template</c-><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- k>class</c-><c- p>...</c-> <c- n>Args</c-><c- o>></c->
  <c- b>void</c-> <c- n>print</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- b>FILE</c-><c- o>*</c-> <c- n>stream</c-><c- p>,</c-> ​<i><c- n>format</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>string</c-><c- o>&lt;</c-></i><c- n>Args</c-><c- p>...</c-><c- o>></c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>Args</c-><c- o>&amp;&amp;</c-><c- p>...</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>);</c->
</ins></pre>
   <p>
    <span class="parnum">2</span> 
    <ins><em>Effects:</em> If the ordinary literal encoding
([lex.charset]) is UTF-8, equivalent to:</ins>
   </p>
<pre class="highlight"><ins>  <c- n>vprint_unicode</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>stream</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>.</c->​<i><c- n>str</c-><c- p>,</c-></i> <c- n>make_format_args</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>forward</c-><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>Args</c-><c- o>></c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>args</c-><c- p>)...));</c->
</ins></pre>
   <ins>Otherwise, equivalent to:</ins>
<pre class="highlight"><ins>  <c- n>vprint_nonunicode</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>stream</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>.</c->​<i><c- n>str</c-><c- p>,</c-></i> <c- n>make_format_args</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>forward</c-><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>Args</c-><c- o>></c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>args</c-><c- p>)...));</c->
</ins></pre>
<pre class="highlight"><ins><c- k>template</c-><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- k>class</c-><c- p>...</c-> <c- n>Args</c-><c- o>></c->
  <c- b>void</c-> <c- n>println</c-><c- p>(</c->​<i><c- n>format</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>string</c-><c- o>&lt;</c-></i><c- n>Args</c-><c- p>...</c-><c- o>></c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>Args</c-><c- o>&amp;&amp;</c-><c- p>...</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>);</c->
</ins></pre>
   <p>
    <span class="parnum">3</span> 
    <ins><em>Effects:</em> Equivalent to:</ins>
   </p>
<pre class="highlight"><ins>  <c- n>println</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>stdout</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>forward</c-><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>Args</c-><c- o>></c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>args</c-><c- p>)...);</c->
</ins></pre>
<pre class="highlight"><ins><c- k>template</c-><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- k>class</c-><c- p>...</c-> <c- n>Args</c-><c- o>></c->
  <c- b>void</c-> <c- n>println</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- b>FILE</c-><c- o>*</c-> <c- n>stream</c-><c- p>,</c-> ​<i><c- n>format</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>string</c-><c- o>&lt;</c-></i><c- n>Args</c-><c- p>...</c-><c- o>></c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>Args</c-><c- o>&amp;&amp;</c-><c- p>...</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>);</c->
</ins></pre>
   <p>
    <span class="parnum">4</span> 
    <ins><em>Effects:</em> Equivalent to:</ins>
   </p>
<pre class="highlight"><ins>  <c- n>print</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>stream</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- s>"{}</c-><c- se>\n</c-><c- s>"</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>format</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>forward</c-><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>Args</c-><c- o>></c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>args</c-><c- p>)...));</c->
</ins></pre>
<pre class="highlight"><ins><c- b>void</c-> <c- nf>vprint_unicode</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>string_view</c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>format_args</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>);</c->
</ins></pre>
   <p>
    <span class="parnum">5</span> 
    <ins><em>Effects:</em> <em>Equivalent to</em>:</ins>
   </p>
<pre class="highlight"><ins>  <c- n>vprint_unicode</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>stdout</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>);</c->
</ins></pre>
<pre class="highlight"><ins><c- b>void</c-> <c- nf>vprint_unicode</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- b>FILE</c-><c- o>*</c-> <c- n>stream</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>string_view</c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>format_args</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>);</c->
</ins></pre>
   <ins> <span class="parnum">6</span> <em>Preconditions:</em> <code class="highlight"><c- n>stream</c-></code> is a valid pointer to an output C stream. </ins>
   <ins> <span class="parnum">7</span> <em>Effects:</em> The function initializes an automatic variable via </ins>
<pre class="highlight"><ins><c- n>string</c-> <c- n>out</c-> <c- o>=</c-> <c- n>vformat</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>);</c->
</ins></pre>
   <ins> If <code class="highlight"><c- n>stream</c-></code> refers to a terminal capable of displaying Unicode, writes <code class="highlight"><c- n>out</c-></code> to
the terminal using the native Unicode API; if <code class="highlight"><c- n>out</c-></code> contains invalid code units,
the behavior is undefined and implementations are encouraged to diagnose it.
Otherwise writes <code class="highlight"><c- n>out</c-></code> to <code class="highlight"><c- n>stream</c-></code> unchanged. </ins>
   <p>
    <ins> [ Note: On POSIX and Windows, <code class="highlight"><c- n>stream</c-></code> referring to a terminal means that,
respectively, <code class="highlight"><c- n>isatty</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>fileno</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>stream</c-><c- p>))</c-></code> and <code class="highlight"><c- n>GetConsoleMode</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>_get_osfhandle</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>_fileno</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>stream</c-><c- p>)),</c-> <c- p>...)</c-></code> return nonzero.
— end note ] </ins>
   </p>
   <p>
    <ins> [ Note: On Windows, the native Unicode API is <code class="highlight"><c- n>WriteConsoleW</c-></code>. — end note ] </ins>
   </p>
   <p>
    <ins> <span class="parnum">8</span> <em>Throws:</em> Any exception thrown by the call to <code class="highlight"><c- n>vformat</c-></code> (<a href="http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2020/n4861.pdf#subsection.20.20.3">[format.err.report</a>]). <code class="highlight"><c- n>system_error</c-></code> if writing to the terminal or <code class="highlight"><c- n>stream</c-></code> fails. May throw <code class="highlight"><c- n>bad_alloc</c-></code>. </ins>
   </p>
   <p>
    <ins> <span class="parnum">9</span> <em>Recommended practice:</em> If invoking the native
Unicode API requires transcoding, implementations should substitute invalid code
units with U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER per The Unicode Standard Version 14.0
– Core Specification, Chapter 3.9. </ins>
   </p>
<pre class="highlight"><ins><c- b>void</c-> <c- nf>vprint_nonunicode</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>string_view</c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>format_args</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>);</c->
</ins></pre>
   <p>
    <span class="parnum">10</span> 
    <ins><em>Effects:</em> <em>Equivalent to</em>:</ins>
   </p>
<pre class="highlight"><ins>  <c- n>vprint_nonunicode</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>stdout</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>);</c->
</ins></pre>
<pre class="highlight"><ins><c- b>void</c-> <c- nf>vprint_nonunicode</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- b>FILE</c-><c- o>*</c-> <c- n>stream</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>string_view</c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>format_args</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>);</c->
</ins></pre>
   <ins> <span class="parnum">11</span> <em>Preconditions:</em> <code class="highlight"><c- n>stream</c-></code> is a valid pointer to an output C stream. </ins>
   <ins> <span class="parnum">12</span> <em>Effects:</em> Writes the result of <code class="highlight"><c- n>vformat</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>)</c-></code> to <code class="highlight"><c- n>stream</c-></code>. </ins>
   <p>
    <ins> <span class="parnum">13</span> <em>Throws:</em> Any exception thrown by the call to <code class="highlight"><c- n>vformat</c-></code> (<a href="http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2020/n4861.pdf#subsection.20.20.3">[format.err.report</a>]). <code class="highlight"><c- n>system_error</c-></code> if writing to <code class="highlight"><c- n>stream</c-></code> fails. May throw <code class="highlight"><c- n>bad_alloc</c-></code>. </ins>
   </p>
   <p>Add subsection "Print [ostream.formatted.print]" to
"Formatted output functions <a href="http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2020/n4861.pdf#subsubsection.29.7.5.2">[ostream.formatted</a>]":</p>
<pre class="highlight"><ins><c- k>template</c-><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- k>class</c-><c- p>...</c-> <c- n>Args</c-><c- o>></c->
  <c- b>void</c-> <c- n>print</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>ostream</c-><c- o>&amp;</c-> <c- n>os</c-><c- p>,</c-> ​<i><c- n>format</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>string</c-><c- o>&lt;</c-></i><c- n>Args</c-><c- p>...</c-><c- o>></c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>Args</c-><c- o>&amp;&amp;</c-><c- p>...</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>);</c->
</ins></pre>
   <p>
    <span class="parnum">1</span> 
    <ins><em>Effects:</em> If the ordinary literal encoding
([lex.charset]) is UTF-8, equivalent to:</ins>
   </p>
<pre class="highlight"><ins>  <c- n>vprint_unicode</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>os</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>.</c->​<i><c- n>str</c-><c- p>,</c-></i> <c- n>make_format_args</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>forward</c-><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>Args</c-><c- o>></c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>args</c-><c- p>)...));</c->
</ins></pre>
   <ins>Otherwise, equivalent to:</ins>
<pre class="highlight"><ins>  <c- n>vprint_nonunicode</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>os</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>.</c->​<i><c- n>str</c-><c- p>,</c-></i> <c- n>make_format_args</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>forward</c-><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>Args</c-><c- o>></c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>args</c-><c- p>)...));</c->
</ins></pre>
<pre class="highlight"><ins><c- k>template</c-><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- k>class</c-><c- p>...</c-> <c- n>Args</c-><c- o>></c->
  <c- b>void</c-> <c- n>println</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>ostream</c-><c- o>&amp;</c-> <c- n>os</c-><c- p>,</c-> ​<i><c- n>format</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>string</c-><c- o>&lt;</c-></i><c- n>Args</c-><c- p>...</c-><c- o>></c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>Args</c-><c- o>&amp;&amp;</c-><c- p>...</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>);</c->
</ins></pre>
   <p>
    <span class="parnum">2</span> 
    <ins><em>Effects:</em> Equivalent to:</ins>
   </p>
<pre class="highlight"><ins>  <c- n>print</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>os</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- s>"{}</c-><c- se>\n</c-><c- s>"</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>format</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>std</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>forward</c-><c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>Args</c-><c- o>></c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>args</c-><c- p>)...));</c->
</ins></pre>
<pre class="highlight"><ins><c- b>void</c-> <c- nf>vprint_unicode</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>ostream</c-><c- o>&amp;</c-> <c- n>os</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>string_view</c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>format_args</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>);</c->
<c- b>void</c-> <c- nf>vprint_nonunicode</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>ostream</c-><c- o>&amp;</c-> <c- n>os</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>string_view</c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>format_args</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>);</c->
</ins></pre>
   <ins> <span class="parnum">3</span> <em>Effects:</em> Behaves as a formatted output function
(<a href="http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2020/n4861.pdf#subsubsection.29.7.5.2">[ostream.formatted.reqmts</a>])
of <code class="highlight"><c- n>os</c-></code>, except that: </ins>
   <ul>
    <li>
     <ins>failure to generate output is reported as specified below, and</ins>
    <li>
     <ins>any exception thrown by the call to <code class="highlight"><c- n>vformat</c-></code> is propagated without regard to
  the value of <code class="highlight"><c- n>os</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>exceptions</c-><c- p>()</c-></code> and without turning on <code class="highlight"><c- n>ios_base</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>badbit</c-></code> in
  the error state of <code class="highlight"><c- n>os</c-></code>.</ins>
   </ul>
   <ins> After constructing a <code class="highlight"><c- n>sentry</c-></code> object, the
function initializes an automatic variable via </ins>
<pre class="highlight"><ins><c- n>string</c-> <c- n>out</c-> <c- o>=</c-> <c- n>vformat</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>os</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>getloc</c-><c- p>(),</c-> <c- n>fmt</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>);</c->
</ins></pre>
   <ins> If the function is <code class="highlight"><c- n>vprint_unicode</c-></code> and <code class="highlight"><c- n>os</c-></code> is a stream that refers to a
terminal capable of displaying Unicode which is determined in an
implementation-defined manner, writes <code class="highlight"><c- n>out</c-></code> to the terminal using the
native Unicode API; if <code class="highlight"><c- n>out</c-></code> contains invalid code units, the behavior
is undefined and implementations are encouraged to diagnose it. </ins>
   <p>
    <ins> Otherwise (if <code class="highlight"><c- n>os</c-></code> is not such a stream or the function is <code class="highlight"><c- n>vprint_nonunicode</c-></code>), inserts the character sequence <code class="highlight"><c- p>[</c-><c- n>out</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>begin</c-><c- p>(),</c-> <c- n>out</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>end</c-><c- p>())</c-></code> into <code class="highlight"><c- n>os</c-></code>. </ins>
   </p>
   <p>
    <ins> If writing to the terminal or inserting into <code class="highlight"><c- n>os</c-></code> fails, calls <code class="highlight"><c- n>os</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>setstate</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>ios_base</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>badbit</c-><c- p>)</c-></code> (which may throw <code class="highlight"><c- n>ios_base</c-><c- o>::</c-><c- n>failure</c-></code>). </ins>
   </p>
   <p>
    <ins> <span class="parnum">4</span> <em>Recommended practice:</em> For <code class="highlight"><c- n>vprint_unicode</c-></code>, if invoking the native
Unicode API requires transcoding, implementations should substitute
invalid code units with U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER per The Unicode
Standard Version 14.0 – Core Specification, Chapter 3.9. </ins>
   </p>
   <p>Add to Bibliography:</p>
   <ins> – The Unicode® Standard Version 14.0 – Core Specification </ins>
   <h2 class="heading settled" id="lst"><span class="content">Appendix A: Unicode tests</span><a class="self-link" href="#lst"></a></h2>
   <p>This appendix gives full listings of programs for testing Unicode handling in
various formatting facilities as well as test commands and their output on
different platforms. The code contains additional sanity checks to ensure that
the strings are encoded in some form of UTF as opposed to a legacy encoding.</p>
   <p>C (<code class="highlight"><c- n>test</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>c</c-></code>):</p>
<pre class="language-c highlight"><c- cp>#include</c-> &lt;stdio.h>
<c- cp>#include</c-> &lt;stdlib.h>

<c- b>int</c-> <c- nf>main</c-><c- p>()</c-> <c- p>{</c->
  <c- k>const</c-> <c- b>char</c-><c- o>*</c-> <c- n>message</c-> <c- o>=</c-> <c- s>"Привет, κόσμος!</c-><c- se>\n</c-><c- s>"</c-><c- p>;</c->
  <c- k>if</c-> <c- p>((</c-><c- b>unsigned</c-> <c- b>char</c-><c- p>)</c-><c- n>message</c-><c- p>[</c-><c- mi>0</c-><c- p>]</c-> <c- o>!=</c-> <c- mh>0xD0</c-> <c- o>&amp;&amp;</c-> <c- p>(</c-><c- b>unsigned</c-> <c- b>char</c-><c- p>)</c-><c- n>message</c-><c- p>[</c-><c- mi>1</c-><c- p>]</c-> <c- o>!=</c-> <c- mh>0x9F</c-><c- p>)</c->
    <c- n>abort</c-><c- p>();</c->
  <c- n>printf</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>message</c-><c- p>);</c->
<c- p>}</c->
</pre>
   <p>Go (<code class="highlight"><c- n>test</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>go</c-></code>):</p>
<pre class="language-go highlight"><c- kn>package</c-> main

<c- kn>import</c-> <c- s>"fmt"</c->
<c- kn>import</c-> <c- s>"log"</c->

<c- a>func</c-> main<c- p>()</c-> <c- p>{</c->
  <c- a>var</c-> message <c- p>=</c-> <c- s>"Привет, κόσμος!"</c->
  <c- k>if</c-> message<c- p>[</c-><c- mi>0</c-><c- p>]</c-> <c- o>!=</c-> <c- mh>0xD0</c-> <c- o>&amp;&amp;</c-> message<c- p>[</c-><c- mi>1</c-><c- p>]</c-> <c- o>!=</c-> <c- mh>0x9F</c-> <c- p>{</c->
    log<c- p>.</c->Fatal<c- p>(</c-><c- s>"wrong encoding"</c-><c- p>)</c->
  <c- p>}</c->
  fmt<c- p>.</c->Println<c- p>(</c->message<c- p>)</c->
<c- p>}</c->
</pre>
   <p>Java (<code class="highlight"><c- n>Test</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>java</c-></code>):</p>
<pre class="language-java highlight"><c- a>class</c-> <c- nc>Test</c-> <c- p>{</c->
  <c- a>public</c-> <c- a>static</c-> <c- b>void</c-> <c- nf>main</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>String</c-><c- o>[]</c-> <c- n>args</c-><c- p>)</c-> <c- p>{</c->
    <c- n>String</c-> <c- n>message</c-> <c- o>=</c-> <c- s>"Привет, κόσμος!\n"</c-><c- p>;</c->
    <c- k>if</c-> <c- p>(</c-><c- n>message</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- e>charAt</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- mi>0</c-><c- p>)</c-> <c- o>!=</c-> <c- mh>0x41F</c-><c- p>)</c-> <c- k>throw</c-> <c- k>new</c-> <c- n>RuntimeException</c-><c- p>();</c->
    <c- n>System</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- e>out</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- e>print</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>message</c-><c- p>);</c->
  <c- p>}</c->
<c- p>}</c->
</pre>
   <p>JavaScript / Node.js (<code class="highlight"><c- n>test</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>js</c-></code>):</p>
<pre class="language-js highlight">message <c- o>=</c-> <c- u>"Привет, κόσμος!"</c-><c- p>;</c->
<c- k>if</c-> <c- p>(</c->message<c- p>.</c->charCodeAt<c- p>(</c-><c- mf>0</c-><c- p>)</c-> <c- o>!=</c-> <c- mh>0x41F</c-><c- p>)</c-> <c- k>throw</c-> <c- u>"wrong encoding"</c-><c- p>;</c->
console<c- p>.</c->log<c- p>(</c->message<c- p>);</c->
</pre>
   <p>Python (<code class="highlight"><c- n>test</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>py</c-></code>):</p>
<pre class="language-python highlight"><c- n>message</c-> <c- o>=</c-> <c- u>"Привет, κόσμος!"</c->
<c- k>if</c-> ord<c- p>(</c-><c- n>message</c-><c- p>[</c-><c- mi>0</c-><c- p>])</c-> <c- o>!=</c-> <c- mh>0x41F</c-><c- p>:</c->
    <c- k>raise</c-> <c- ne>Exception</c-><c- p>()</c->
print<c- p>(</c-><c- n>message</c-><c- p>)</c->
</pre>
   <p>Rust (<code class="highlight"><c- n>test</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>rs</c-></code>):</p>
<pre class="language-rust highlight"><c- k>fn</c-> <c- nf>main</c-><c- p>()</c-> <c- p>{</c->
  <c- k>if</c-> <c- s>"Привет, κόσμος!"</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>chars</c-><c- p>().</c-><c- n>nth</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- mi>0</c-><c- p>).</c-><c- n>unwrap</c-><c- p>()</c-> <c- k>as</c-> <c- b>u32</c-> <c- o>!=</c-> <c- mh>0x41F</c-> <c- p>{</c->
    panic!<c- p>();</c->
  <c- p>}</c->
  println!<c- p>(</c-><c- s>"Привет, κόσμος!"</c-><c- p>);</c->
<c- p>}</c->
</pre>
   <p>Linux:</p>
<pre class="highlight"><c- n>$</c-> <c- n>cc</c-> <c- n>test</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>c</c-> <c- o>-</c-><c- n>o</c-> <c- n>c</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>test</c->
<c- n>$</c-> <c- p>.</c-><c- o>/</c-><c- n>c</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>test</c->
Привет<c- p>,</c-> κόσμος<c- o>!</c->
<c- n>$</c-> <c- p>.</c-><c- o>/</c-><c- n>c</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>test</c-> <c- o>></c-> <c- n>out</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>c</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>linux</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>txt</c->

<c- n>$</c-> <c- n>go</c-> <c- n>build</c-> <c- o>-</c-><c- n>o</c-> <c- n>go</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>test</c-> <c- n>test</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>go</c->
<c- n>$</c-> <c- p>.</c-><c- o>/</c-><c- n>go</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>test</c->
Привет<c- p>,</c-> κόσμος<c- o>!</c->
<c- n>$</c-> <c- p>.</c-><c- o>/</c-><c- n>go</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>test</c-> <c- o>></c-> <c- n>out</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>go</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>linux</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>txt</c->

<c- n>$</c-> <c- n>java</c-> <c- n>Test</c->
Привет<c- p>,</c-> κόσμος<c- o>!</c->
<c- n>$</c-> <c- n>java</c-> <c- n>Test</c-> <c- o>></c-> <c- n>out</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>java</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>linux</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>txt</c->

<c- n>$</c-> <c- n>node</c-> <c- n>test</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>js</c->
Привет<c- p>,</c-> κόσμος<c- o>!</c->
<c- n>$</c-> <c- n>node</c-> <c- n>test</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>js</c-> <c- o>></c-> <c- n>out</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>js</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>linux</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>txt</c->

<c- n>$</c-> <c- n>python3</c-> <c- n>test</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>py</c->
Привет<c- p>,</c-> κόσμος<c- o>!</c->
<c- n>$</c-> <c- n>python3</c-> <c- n>test</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>py</c-> <c- o>></c-> <c- n>out</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>py</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>linux</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>txt</c->

<c- n>$</c-> <c- n>rustc</c-> <c- n>test</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>rs</c-> <c- o>-</c-><c- n>o</c-> <c- n>rust</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>test</c->
<c- n>$</c-> <c- p>.</c-><c- o>/</c-><c- n>rust</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>test</c->
Привет<c- p>,</c-> κόσμος<c- o>!</c->
<c- n>$</c-> <c- p>.</c-><c- o>/</c-><c- n>rust</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>test</c-> <c- o>></c-> <c- n>out</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>rust</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>linux</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>txt</c->
</pre>
   <p>All output files are in UTF-8:</p>
   <ul>
    <li data-md>
     <p><a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vitaut/unicode-test/main/out-c-linux.txt">out-c-linux.txt</a></p>
    <li data-md>
     <p><a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vitaut/unicode-test/main/out-go-linux.txt">out-go-linux.txt</a></p>
    <li data-md>
     <p><a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vitaut/unicode-test/main/out-java-linux.txt">out-java-linux.txt</a></p>
    <li data-md>
     <p><a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vitaut/unicode-test/main/out-js-linux.txt">out-js-linux.txt</a></p>
    <li data-md>
     <p><a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vitaut/unicode-test/main/out-py-linux.txt">out-py-linux.txt</a></p>
    <li data-md>
     <p><a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vitaut/unicode-test/main/out-rust-linux.txt">out-rust-linux.txt</a></p>
   </ul>
   <p>Linux configuration:</p>
   <ul>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Ubuntu Focal 20.04 with the ru_RU.UTF-8 locale</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>cc: gcc 9.3.0</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>go: go1.13.8</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>java: openjdk 11.0.9.1</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>node: v14.5.0</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>python3: 3.7.5</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>rustc: 1.47.0</p>
   </ul>
   <p>macOS:</p>
<pre class="highlight"><c- o>%</c-> <c- n>cc</c-> <c- n>test</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>c</c-> <c- o>-</c-><c- n>o</c-> <c- n>c</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>test</c->
<c- o>%</c-> <c- p>.</c-><c- o>/</c-><c- n>c</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>test</c->
Привет<c- p>,</c-> κόσμος<c- o>!</c->
<c- o>%</c-> <c- p>.</c-><c- o>/</c-><c- n>c</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>test</c-> <c- o>></c-> <c- n>out</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>c</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>macos</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>txt</c->

<c- o>%</c-> <c- n>go</c-> <c- n>build</c-> <c- o>-</c-><c- n>o</c-> <c- n>test</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>go</c-> <c- n>test</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>go</c->
<c- o>%</c-> <c- p>.</c-><c- o>/</c-><c- n>test</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>go</c->
Привет<c- p>,</c-> κόσμος<c- o>!</c->
<c- o>%</c-> <c- p>.</c-><c- o>/</c-><c- n>test</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>go</c-> <c- o>></c-> <c- n>out</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>go</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>macos</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>txt</c->

<c- o>%</c-> <c- n>java</c-> <c- n>Test</c->
Привет<c- p>,</c-> κόσμος<c- o>!</c->
<c- o>%</c-> <c- n>java</c-> <c- n>Test</c-> <c- o>></c-> <c- n>out</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>java</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>macos</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>txt</c->

<c- o>%</c-> <c- n>node</c-> <c- n>test</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>js</c->
Привет<c- p>,</c-> κόσμος<c- o>!</c->
<c- o>%</c-> <c- n>node</c-> <c- n>test</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>js</c-> <c- o>></c-> <c- n>out</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>js</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>macos</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>txt</c->

<c- o>%</c-> <c- n>python3</c-> <c- n>test</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>py</c->
Привет<c- p>,</c-> κόσμος<c- o>!</c->
<c- o>%</c-> <c- n>python3</c-> <c- n>test</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>py</c-> <c- o>></c-> <c- n>out</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>py</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>macos</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>txt</c->

<c- o>%</c-> <c- n>rustc</c-> <c- n>test</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>rs</c-> <c- o>-</c-><c- n>o</c-> <c- n>rust</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>test</c->
<c- o>%</c-> <c- p>.</c-><c- o>/</c-><c- n>rust</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>test</c->
Привет<c- p>,</c-> κόσμος<c- o>!</c->
<c- o>%</c-> <c- p>.</c-><c- o>/</c-><c- n>rust</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>test</c-> <c- o>></c-> <c- n>out</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>rust</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>macos</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>txt</c->
</pre>
   <p>All output files are in UTF-8:</p>
   <ul>
    <li data-md>
     <p><a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vitaut/unicode-test/main/out-c-macos.txt">out-c-macos.txt</a></p>
    <li data-md>
     <p><a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vitaut/unicode-test/main/out-go-macos.txt">out-go-macos.txt</a></p>
    <li data-md>
     <p><a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vitaut/unicode-test/main/out-java-macos.txt">out-java-macos.txt</a></p>
    <li data-md>
     <p><a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vitaut/unicode-test/main/out-js-macos.txt">out-js-macos.txt</a></p>
    <li data-md>
     <p><a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vitaut/unicode-test/main/out-py-macos.txt">out-py-macos.txt</a></p>
    <li data-md>
     <p><a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vitaut/unicode-test/main/out-rust-macos.txt">out-rust-macos.txt</a></p>
   </ul>
   <p>macOS configuration:</p>
   <ul>
    <li data-md>
     <p>macOS Catalina 10.15.7 with the ru_RU.UTF-8 locale which is the default for
Russian</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>cc: Apple clang version 12.0.0 (clang-1200.0.32.27)</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>go: go1.15.5</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>java: openjdk 14.0.1</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>node: v14.5.0</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>python3: 3.7.5</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>rustc: 1.47.0</p>
   </ul>
   <p>Windows:</p>
<pre class="highlight"><c- o>></c-><c- n>cl</c-> <c- o>/</c-><c- nl>Fe</c-><c- p>:</c-><c- n>c</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>test</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>exe</c-> <c- n>test</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>c</c->
<c- p>...</c->
<c- o>></c-><c- n>c</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>test</c->
╨Я╤А╨╕╨▓╨╡╤В<c- p>,</c-> ╬║╧М╧Г╬╝╬┐╧В<c- o>!</c->
<c- o>></c-><c- n>c</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>test</c-> <c- o>></c-> <c- n>out</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>c</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>windows</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>txt</c->
<c- o>></c-><c- n>c</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>test</c-> <c- o>|</c-> <c- n>findstr</c-> <c- p>,</c->
╨Я╤А╨╕╨▓╨╡╤В<c- p>,</c-> ╬║╧М╧Г╬╝╬┐╧В<c- o>!</c->

<c- o>></c-><c- n>go</c-> <c- n>build</c-> <c- o>-</c-><c- n>o</c-> <c- n>go</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>test</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>exe</c-> <c- n>test</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>go</c->
<c- o>></c-><c- n>go</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>test</c->
Привет<c- p>,</c-> κόσμος<c- o>!</c->
<c- o>></c-><c- n>go</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>test</c-> <c- o>></c-> <c- n>out</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>go</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>windows</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>txt</c->
<c- o>></c-><c- n>go</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>test</c-> <c- o>|</c-> <c- n>findstr</c-> <c- p>,</c->
╨Я╤А╨╕╨▓╨╡╤В<c- p>,</c-> ╬║╧М╧Г╬╝╬┐╧В<c- o>!</c->

<c- o>></c-><c- n>java</c-> <c- n>Test</c->
Привет<c- p>,</c-> <c- o>??????!</c->
<c- o>></c-><c- n>java</c-> <c- n>Test</c-> <c- o>></c-> <c- n>out</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>java</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>windows</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>txt</c->
<c- o>></c-><c- n>java</c-> <c- n>Test</c-> <c- o>|</c-> <c- n>findstr</c-> <c- p>,</c->
╧ЁштхЄ<c- p>,</c-> <c- o>??????!</c->

<c- o>></c-><c- n>node</c-> <c- n>test</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>js</c->
Привет<c- p>,</c-> κόσμος<c- o>!</c->
<c- o>></c-><c- n>node</c-> <c- n>test</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>js</c-> <c- o>></c-> <c- n>out</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>js</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>windows</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>txt</c->
<c- o>></c-><c- n>node</c-> <c- n>test</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>js</c-> <c- o>|</c-> <c- n>findstr</c-> <c- p>,</c->
╨Я╤А╨╕╨▓╨╡╤В<c- p>,</c-> ╬║╧М╧Г╬╝╬┐╧В<c- o>!</c->

<c- o>></c-><c- n>python</c-> <c- n>test</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>py</c->
Привет<c- p>,</c-> κόσμος<c- o>!</c->
<c- o>></c-><c- n>python</c-> <c- n>test</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>py</c-> <c- o>></c-> <c- n>out</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>py</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>windows</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>txt</c->
<c- n>Traceback</c-> <c- p>(</c-><c- n>most</c-> <c- n>recent</c-> <c- n>call</c-> <c- n>last</c-><c- p>)</c-><c- o>:</c->
  <c- n>File</c-> <c- s>"...</c-><c- se>\t</c-><c- s>est.py"</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>line</c-> <c- mi>4</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>in</c-> <c- o>&lt;</c-><c- k>module</c-><c- o>></c->
    <c- n>print</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>message</c-><c- p>)</c->
  <c- n>File</c-> <c- s>"...\Python39\lib\encodings\cp1251.py"</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>line</c-> <c- mi>19</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>in</c-> <c- n>encode</c->
    <c- k>return</c-> <c- n>codecs</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>charmap_encode</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>input</c-><c- p>,</c-><c- n>self</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>errors</c-><c- p>,</c-><c- n>encoding_table</c-><c- p>)[</c-><c- mi>0</c-><c- p>]</c->
<c- nl>UnicodeEncodeError</c-><c- p>:</c-> '<c- n>charmap</c->' <c- n>codec</c-> <c- n>can</c->’<c- n>t</c-> <c- n>encode</c-> <c- n>characters</c-> <c- n>in</c-> <c- n>position</c-> <c- mi>8-13</c-><c- o>:</c-> <c- n>character</c-> <c- n>maps</c-> <c- n>to</c-> <c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>undefined</c-><c- o>></c->
<c- o>></c-><c- n>python</c-> <c- n>test</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>py</c-> <c- o>|</c-> <c- n>findstr</c-> <c- p>,</c->
<c- n>Traceback</c-> <c- p>(</c-><c- n>most</c-> <c- n>recent</c-> <c- n>call</c-> <c- n>last</c-><c- p>)</c-><c- o>:</c->
  <c- n>File</c-> <c- s>"...</c-><c- se>\t</c-><c- s>est.py"</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>line</c-> <c- mi>4</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>in</c-> <c- o>&lt;</c-><c- k>module</c-><c- o>></c->
    <c- n>print</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>message</c-><c- p>)</c->
  <c- n>File</c-> <c- s>"...\Python39\lib\encodings\cp1251.py"</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>line</c-> <c- mi>19</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- n>in</c-> <c- n>encode</c->
    <c- k>return</c-> <c- n>codecs</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>charmap_encode</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- n>input</c-><c- p>,</c-><c- n>self</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>errors</c-><c- p>,</c-><c- n>encoding_table</c-><c- p>)[</c-><c- mi>0</c-><c- p>]</c->
<c- nl>UnicodeEncodeError</c-><c- p>:</c-> '<c- n>charmap</c->' <c- n>codec</c-> <c- n>can</c->’<c- n>t</c-> <c- n>encode</c-> <c- n>characters</c-> <c- n>in</c-> <c- n>position</c-> <c- mi>8-13</c-><c- o>:</c-> <c- n>character</c-> <c- n>maps</c-> <c- n>to</c-> <c- o>&lt;</c-><c- n>undefined</c-><c- o>></c->

<c- o>></c-><c- n>rustc</c-> <c- n>test</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>rs</c-> <c- o>-</c-><c- n>o</c-> <c- n>rust</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>test</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>exe</c->
<c- o>></c-><c- n>rust</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>test</c->
Привет<c- p>,</c-> κόσμος<c- o>!</c->
<c- o>></c-><c- n>rust</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>test</c-> <c- o>></c-> <c- n>out</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>rust</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>windows</c-><c- p>.</c-><c- n>txt</c->
<c- o>></c-><c- n>rust</c-><c- o>-</c-><c- n>test</c-> <c- o>|</c-> <c- n>findstr</c-> <c- p>,</c->
╨Я╤А╨╕╨▓╨╡╤В<c- p>,</c-> ╬║╧М╧Г╬╝╬┐╧В<c- o>!</c->
</pre>
   <p>C, JavaScript (node.js), Rust and Go produced valid UTF-8 when the output was
redirected to files. Java produced a file in the legacy CP1251 encoding with <code class="highlight"><c- o>?</c-></code> for non-representable code points. Python failed on transcoding to CP1251.
Output files:</p>
   <ul>
    <li data-md>
     <p><a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vitaut/unicode-test/main/out-c-windows.txt">out-c-windows.txt</a></p>
    <li data-md>
     <p><a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vitaut/unicode-test/main/out-go-windows.txt">out-go-windows.txt</a></p>
    <li data-md>
     <p><a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vitaut/unicode-test/main/out-java-windows.txt">out-java-windows.txt</a></p>
    <li data-md>
     <p><a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vitaut/unicode-test/main/out-js-windows.txt">out-js-windows.txt</a></p>
    <li data-md>
     <p><a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vitaut/unicode-test/main/out-py-windows.txt">out-py-windows.txt</a></p>
    <li data-md>
     <p><a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vitaut/unicode-test/main/out-rust-windows.txt">out-rust-windows.txt</a></p>
   </ul>
   <p>Windows configuration:</p>
   <ul>
    <li data-md>
     <p>Windows 10 10.0.19041 with Russian Region and Language settings</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>cl: Microsoft (R) C/C++ Optimizing Compiler Version 19.28.29335</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>go: go1.15.6</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>java: Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 15.0.1+9-18)</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>node: v14.15.3</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>python: 3.9.1</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>rustc: v14.15.3</p>
   </ul>
   <h2 class="heading settled" data-level="17" id="ack"><span class="secno">17. </span><span class="content">Acknowledgements</span><a class="self-link" href="#ack"></a></h2>
   <p>Thanks to Corentin Jabot for his work on text encodings in C++ and in particular <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-p1885">[P1885]</a> that will simplify implementation of the current proposal.</p>
   <p>Thanks to Roger Orr, Peter Brett, Hubert Tong, the BSI C++ panel and Tom
Honermann for their feedback, support, constructive criticism and contributions
to the proposal.</p>
   <p>Thanks to Tim Song for substantial improvements to the wording.</p>
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  <h2 class="no-num no-ref heading settled" id="references"><span class="content">References</span><a class="self-link" href="#references"></a></h2>
  <h3 class="no-num no-ref heading settled" id="informative"><span class="content">Informative References</span><a class="self-link" href="#informative"></a></h3>
  <dl>
   <dt id="biblio-codesearch">[CODESEARCH]
   <dd>Andrew Tomazos. <a href="https://codesearch.isocpp.org">Code search engine website</a>. URL: <a href="https://codesearch.isocpp.org">https://codesearch.isocpp.org</a>
   <dt id="biblio-dotnet-write">[DOTNET-WRITE]
   <dd><a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.console.write">.NET documentation, Console.Write Method</a>. URL: <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.console.write">https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.console.write</a>
   <dt id="biblio-encoding-trends">[ENCODING-TRENDS]
   <dd><a href="https://w3techs.com/technologies/history_overview/character_encoding/ms/y">Historical yearly trends in the usage statistics of character encodings for websites</a>. URL: <a href="https://w3techs.com/technologies/history_overview/character_encoding/ms/y">https://w3techs.com/technologies/history_overview/character_encoding/ms/y</a>
   <dt id="biblio-fmt">[FMT]
   <dd>Victor Zverovich; et al. <a href="https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt">The fmt library</a>. URL: <a href="https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt">https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt</a>
   <dt id="biblio-folly">[FOLLY]
   <dd><a href="https://github.com/facebook/folly">Folly: Facebook Open-source Library</a>. URL: <a href="https://github.com/facebook/folly">https://github.com/facebook/folly</a>
   <dt id="biblio-format">[FORMAT]
   <dd>Thomas Köppe. <a href="https://wg21.link/n4901#section.20.20">Working Draft, Standard for Programming Language C++, Formatting [format]</a>. URL: <a href="https://wg21.link/n4901#section.20.20">https://wg21.link/n4901#section.20.20</a>
   <dt id="biblio-go-fmt">[GO-FMT]
   <dd><a href="https://golang.org/pkg/fmt/">Go Package Documentation, Package fmt</a>. URL: <a href="https://golang.org/pkg/fmt/">https://golang.org/pkg/fmt/</a>
   <dt id="biblio-google-bench">[GOOGLE-BENCH]
   <dd><a href="https://github.com/google/benchmark">Google Benchmark: A microbenchmark support library</a>. URL: <a href="https://github.com/google/benchmark">https://github.com/google/benchmark</a>
   <dt id="biblio-iso2022">[ISO2022]
   <dd><a href="https://www.iso.org/standard/22747.html">ISO/IEC 2022 Information technology—Character code structure and extension techniques</a>. URL: <a href="https://www.iso.org/standard/22747.html">https://www.iso.org/standard/22747.html</a>
   <dt id="biblio-java-print">[JAVA-PRINT]
   <dd><a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/io/PrintStream.html">Java™ Platform, Standard Edition 7 API Specification, Class PrintStream</a>. URL: <a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/io/PrintStream.html">https://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/io/PrintStream.html</a>
   <dt id="biblio-llvm-ostream">[LLVM-OSTREAM]
   <dd><a href="https://github.com/llvm-mirror/llvm/blob/master/lib/Support/raw_ostream.cpp">The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure repository, raw_ostream</a>. URL: <a href="https://github.com/llvm-mirror/llvm/blob/master/lib/Support/raw_ostream.cpp">https://github.com/llvm-mirror/llvm/blob/master/lib/Support/raw_ostream.cpp</a>
   <dt id="biblio-msvc-utf8">[MSVC-UTF8]
   <dd><a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/build/reference/utf-8-set-source-and-executable-character-sets-to-utf-8">Visual C++ Documentation, /utf-8 (Set Source and Executable character sets to UTF-8)</a>. URL: <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/build/reference/utf-8-set-source-and-executable-character-sets-to-utf-8">https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/build/reference/utf-8-set-source-and-executable-character-sets-to-utf-8</a>
   <dt id="biblio-n0147">[N0147]
   <dd><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020124065139/http://www.ncits.org/tc_home/j4htm/cobolv200112.zip">ISO/IEC IS 1989:2001 – Programming language COBOL, 14.8.10 DISPLAY statement</a>. URL: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020124065139/http://www.ncits.org/tc_home/j4htm/cobolv200112.zip">https://web.archive.org/web/20020124065139/http://www.ncits.org/tc_home/j4htm/cobolv200112.zip</a>
   <dt id="biblio-n2162">[N2162]
   <dd>ISO/IEC 1539-1:2018 Information technology — Programming languages — Fortran. 
   <dt id="biblio-n2176">[N2176]
   <dd>ISO/IEC 9899:2017 Programming languages — C, 7.21.6.3. The fprintf function. 
   <dt id="biblio-p0645">[P0645]
   <dd>Victor Zverovich. <a href="https://wg21.link/p0645">Text Formatting</a>. URL: <a href="https://wg21.link/p0645">https://wg21.link/p0645</a>
   <dt id="biblio-p1868">[P1868]
   <dd>Victor Zverovich; Zach Laine. <a href="https://wg21.link/p1868">🦄 width: clarifying units of width and precision in std::format</a>. URL: <a href="https://wg21.link/p1868">https://wg21.link/p1868</a>
   <dt id="biblio-p1885">[P1885]
   <dd>Corentin Jabot. <a href="https://wg21.link/p1885">Naming Text Encodings to Demystify Them</a>. URL: <a href="https://wg21.link/p1885">https://wg21.link/p1885</a>
   <dt id="biblio-p2216">[P2216]
   <dd>Victor Zverovich. <a href="https://wg21.link/p2216">std::format improvements</a>. URL: <a href="https://wg21.link/p2216">https://wg21.link/p2216</a>
   <dt id="biblio-p2418">[P2418]
   <dd>Victor Zverovich. <a href="https://wg21.link/p2418">Add support for std::generator-like types to std::format</a>. URL: <a href="https://wg21.link/p2418">https://wg21.link/p2418</a>
   <dt id="biblio-perl-printf">[PERL-PRINTF]
   <dd><a href="https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/printf.html">Perl 5 version 30.0 documentation, Language reference, printf</a>. URL: <a href="https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/printf.html">https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/printf.html</a>
   <dt id="biblio-php-printf">[PHP-PRINTF]
   <dd><a href="https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.printf.php">PHP Manual, Function Reference, printf</a>. URL: <a href="https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.printf.php">https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.printf.php</a>
   <dt id="biblio-py-func">[PY-FUNC]
   <dd><a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html">The Python Standard Library, Built-in Functions</a>. URL: <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html">https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html</a>
   <dt id="biblio-r-print">[R-PRINT]
   <dd>The R Core Team. <a href="https://cran.r-project.org/doc/manuals/r-release/fullrefman.pdf#page=457">R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, Reference Index, printf</a>. URL: <a href="https://cran.r-project.org/doc/manuals/r-release/fullrefman.pdf#page=457">https://cran.r-project.org/doc/manuals/r-release/fullrefman.pdf#page=457</a>
   <dt id="biblio-ruby-print">[RUBY-PRINT]
   <dd><a href="https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/2.7.0/ARGF.html#method-i-print">Documentation for Ruby, print</a>. URL: <a href="https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/2.7.0/ARGF.html#method-i-print">https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/2.7.0/ARGF.html#method-i-print</a>
   <dt id="biblio-rust-print">[RUST-PRINT]
   <dd><a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/macro.print.html">The Rust Standard Library, Macro std::print</a>. URL: <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/macro.print.html">https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/macro.print.html</a>
   <dt id="biblio-rust-stdio">[RUST-STDIO]
   <dd><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/db492ecd5ba6bd82205612cebb9034710653f0c2/library/std/src/sys/windows/stdio.rs">The Rust Programming Language repository, windows_stdio</a>. URL: <a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/db492ecd5ba6bd82205612cebb9034710653f0c2/library/std/src/sys/windows/stdio.rs">https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/db492ecd5ba6bd82205612cebb9034710653f0c2/library/std/src/sys/windows/stdio.rs</a>
   <dt id="biblio-swift-print">[SWIFT-PRINT]
   <dd><a href="https://developer.apple.com/documentation/swift/1541053-print">Swift Standard Library, print</a>. URL: <a href="https://developer.apple.com/documentation/swift/1541053-print">https://developer.apple.com/documentation/swift/1541053-print</a>
   <dt id="biblio-whatwg-console">[WHATWG-CONSOLE]
   <dd><a href="https://console.spec.whatwg.org/">WHATWG Standards, Console</a>. URL: <a href="https://console.spec.whatwg.org/">https://console.spec.whatwg.org/</a>
  </dl>