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<meta name="author" content="René Ferdinand Rivera Morell, et al.">
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<title>C++ Ecosystem International Standard</title>
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/*! normalize.css v2.1.2 | MIT License | git.io/normalize */
/* ========================================================================== HTML5 display definitions ========================================================================== */
/** Correct `block` display not defined in IE 8/9. */
article, aside, details, figcaption, figure, footer, header, hgroup, main, nav, section, summary { display: block; }

/** Correct `inline-block` display not defined in IE 8/9. */
audio, canvas, video { display: inline-block; }

/** Prevent modern browsers from displaying `audio` without controls. Remove excess height in iOS 5 devices. */
audio:not([controls]) { display: none; height: 0; }

/** Address `[hidden]` styling not present in IE 8/9. Hide the `template` element in IE, Safari, and Firefox < 22. */
[hidden], template { display: none; }

script { display: none !important; }

/* ========================================================================== Base ========================================================================== */
/** 1. Set default font family to sans-serif. 2. Prevent iOS text size adjust after orientation change, without disabling user zoom. */
html { font-family: sans-serif; /* 1 */ -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; /* 2 */ -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; /* 2 */ }

/** Remove default margin. */
body { margin: 0; }

/* ========================================================================== Links ========================================================================== */
/** Remove the gray background color from active links in IE 10. */
a { background: transparent; }

/** Address `outline` inconsistency between Chrome and other browsers. */
a:focus { outline: thin dotted; }

/** Improve readability when focused and also mouse hovered in all browsers. */
a:active, a:hover { outline: 0; }

/* ========================================================================== Typography ========================================================================== */
/** Address variable `h1` font-size and margin within `section` and `article` contexts in Firefox 4+, Safari 5, and Chrome. */
h1 { font-size: 2em; margin: 0.67em 0; }

/** Address styling not present in IE 8/9, Safari 5, and Chrome. */
abbr[title] { border-bottom: 1px dotted; }

/** Address style set to `bolder` in Firefox 4+, Safari 5, and Chrome. */
b, strong { font-weight: bold; }

/** Address styling not present in Safari 5 and Chrome. */
dfn { font-style: italic; }

/** Address differences between Firefox and other browsers. */
hr { -moz-box-sizing: content-box; box-sizing: content-box; height: 0; }

/** Address styling not present in IE 8/9. */
mark { background: #ff0; color: #000; }

/** Correct font family set oddly in Safari 5 and Chrome. */
code, kbd, pre, samp { font-family: monospace, serif; font-size: 1em; }

/** Improve readability of pre-formatted text in all browsers. */
pre { white-space: pre-wrap; }

/** Set consistent quote types. */
q { quotes: "\201C" "\201D" "\2018" "\2019"; }

/** Address inconsistent and variable font size in all browsers. */
small { font-size: 80%; }

/** Prevent `sub` and `sup` affecting `line-height` in all browsers. */
sub, sup { font-size: 75%; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; }

sup { top: -0.5em; }

sub { bottom: -0.25em; }

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img { border: 0; }

/** Correct overflow displayed oddly in IE 9. */
svg:not(:root) { overflow: hidden; }

/* ========================================================================== Figures ========================================================================== */
/** Address margin not present in IE 8/9 and Safari 5. */
figure { margin: 0; }

/* ========================================================================== Forms ========================================================================== */
/** Define consistent border, margin, and padding. */
fieldset { border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; margin: 0 2px; padding: 0.35em 0.625em 0.75em; }

/** 1. Correct `color` not being inherited in IE 8/9. 2. Remove padding so people aren't caught out if they zero out fieldsets. */
legend { border: 0; /* 1 */ padding: 0; /* 2 */ }

/** 1. Correct font family not being inherited in all browsers. 2. Correct font size not being inherited in all browsers. 3. Address margins set differently in Firefox 4+, Safari 5, and Chrome. */
button, input, select, textarea { font-family: inherit; /* 1 */ font-size: 100%; /* 2 */ margin: 0; /* 3 */ }

/** Address Firefox 4+ setting `line-height` on `input` using `!important` in the UA stylesheet. */
button, input { line-height: normal; }

/** Address inconsistent `text-transform` inheritance for `button` and `select`. All other form control elements do not inherit `text-transform` values. Correct `button` style inheritance in Chrome, Safari 5+, and IE 8+. Correct `select` style inheritance in Firefox 4+ and Opera. */
button, select { text-transform: none; }

/** 1. Avoid the WebKit bug in Android 4.0.* where (2) destroys native `audio` and `video` controls. 2. Correct inability to style clickable `input` types in iOS. 3. Improve usability and consistency of cursor style between image-type `input` and others. */
button, html input[type="button"], input[type="reset"], input[type="submit"] { -webkit-appearance: button; /* 2 */ cursor: pointer; /* 3 */ }

/** Re-set default cursor for disabled elements. */
button[disabled], html input[disabled] { cursor: default; }

/** 1. Address box sizing set to `content-box` in IE 8/9. 2. Remove excess padding in IE 8/9. */
input[type="checkbox"], input[type="radio"] { box-sizing: border-box; /* 1 */ padding: 0; /* 2 */ }

/** 1. Address `appearance` set to `searchfield` in Safari 5 and Chrome. 2. Address `box-sizing` set to `border-box` in Safari 5 and Chrome (include `-moz` to future-proof). */
input[type="search"] { -webkit-appearance: textfield; /* 1 */ -moz-box-sizing: content-box; -webkit-box-sizing: content-box; /* 2 */ box-sizing: content-box; }

/** Remove inner padding and search cancel button in Safari 5 and Chrome on OS X. */
input[type="search"]::-webkit-search-cancel-button, input[type="search"]::-webkit-search-decoration { -webkit-appearance: none; }

/** Remove inner padding and border in Firefox 4+. */
button::-moz-focus-inner, input::-moz-focus-inner { border: 0; padding: 0; }

/** 1. Remove default vertical scrollbar in IE 8/9. 2. Improve readability and alignment in all browsers. */
textarea { overflow: auto; /* 1 */ vertical-align: top; /* 2 */ }

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/** Remove most spacing between table cells. */
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meta.foundation-mq-medium { font-family: "only screen and (min-width:1280px)"; width: 1280px; }

meta.foundation-mq-large { font-family: "only screen and (min-width:1440px)"; width: 1440px; }

*, *:before, *:after { -moz-box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box; }

html, body { font-size: 100%; }

body { background: #fefdfd; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8); padding: 0; margin: 0; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 1; position: relative; cursor: auto; }

a:hover { cursor: pointer; }

img, object, embed { max-width: 100%; height: auto; }

object, embed { height: 100%; }

img { -ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic; }

#map_canvas img, #map_canvas embed, #map_canvas object, .map_canvas img, .map_canvas embed, .map_canvas object { max-width: none !important; }

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.right { float: right !important; }

.text-left { text-align: left !important; }

.text-right { text-align: right !important; }

.text-center { text-align: center !important; }

.text-justify { text-align: justify !important; }

.hide { display: none; }

.antialiased { -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; }

img { display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; }

textarea { height: auto; min-height: 50px; }

select { width: 100%; }

p.lead { font-size: 1.21875em; line-height: 1.6; }

.subheader, .admonitionblock td.content > .title, .audioblock > .title, .exampleblock > .title, .imageblock > .title, .listingblock > .title, .literalblock > .title, .stemblock > .title, .openblock > .title, .paragraph > .title, .quoteblock > .title, table.tableblock > .title, .verseblock > .title, .videoblock > .title, .dlist > .title, .olist > .title, .ulist > .title, .qlist > .title, .hdlist > .title { line-height: 1.25; color: #002c5e; font-weight: 300; margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; }

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/* Default Link Styles */
a { color: #005580; text-decoration: underline; line-height: inherit; }
a:hover, a:focus { color: #078d71; }
a img { border: none; }

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p aside { font-size: 0.875em; line-height: 1.35; font-style: italic; }

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h1 { font-size: 2.125em; }

h2 { font-size: 1.6875em; }

h3, #toctitle, .sidebarblock > .content > .title { font-size: 1.375em; }

h4 { font-size: 1.125em; }

h5 { font-size: 1.125em; }

h6 { font-size: 1em; }

hr { border: solid rgba(145, 135, 84, 0.15); border-width: 1px 0 0; clear: both; margin: 1.25em 0 1.1875em; height: 0; }

/* Helpful Typography Defaults */
em, i { font-style: italic; line-height: inherit; }

strong, b { font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit; }

small { font-size: 60%; line-height: inherit; }

code { font-family: "Ubuntu Mono", "Inconsolata", monospace; font-weight: 400; color: #331d00; }

/* Lists */
ul, ol, dl { font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 1.25em; list-style-position: outside; font-family: inherit; }

ul, ol { margin-left: 1.5em; }
ul.no-bullet, ol.no-bullet { margin-left: 1.5em; }

/* Unordered Lists */
ul li ul, ul li ol { margin-left: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0; font-size: 1em; /* Override nested font-size change */ }
ul.square li ul, ul.circle li ul, ul.disc li ul { list-style: inherit; }
ul.square { list-style-type: square; }
ul.circle { list-style-type: circle; }
ul.disc { list-style-type: disc; }
ul.no-bullet { list-style: none; }

/* Ordered Lists */
ol li ul, ol li ol { margin-left: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0; }

/* Definition Lists */
dl dt { margin-bottom: 0.3125em; font-weight: bold; }
dl dd { margin-bottom: 1.25em; }

/* Abbreviations */
abbr, acronym { text-transform: uppercase; font-size: 90%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8); border-bottom: 1px dotted #ddd; cursor: help; }

abbr { text-transform: none; }

/* Blockquotes */
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blockquote cite { display: block; font-size: 0.8125em; color: #666; }
blockquote cite:before { content: "\2014 \0020"; }
blockquote cite a, blockquote cite a:visited { color: #666; }

blockquote, blockquote p { line-height: 1.5; color: #999; }

/* Microformats */
.vcard { display: inline-block; margin: 0 0 1.25em 0; border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 0.625em 0.75em; }
.vcard li { margin: 0; display: block; }
.vcard .fn { font-weight: bold; font-size: 0.9375em; }

.vevent .summary { font-weight: bold; }
.vevent abbr { cursor: auto; text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; border: none; padding: 0 0.0625em; }

@media only screen and (min-width: 768px) { h1, h2, h3, #toctitle, .sidebarblock > .content > .title, h4, h5, h6 { line-height: 1.25; }
  h1 { font-size: 2.75em; }
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  h4 { font-size: 1.4375em; } }
/* Tables */
table { background: #fff; margin-bottom: 1.25em; border: solid 1px rgba(145, 135, 84, 0.15); }
table thead, table tfoot { background: rgba(119, 84, 22, 0.1); font-weight: bold; }
table thead tr th, table thead tr td, table tfoot tr th, table tfoot tr td { padding: 0.5em 0.625em 0.625em; font-size: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8); text-align: left; }
table tr th, table tr td { padding: 0.5625em 0.625em; font-size: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8); }
table tr.even, table tr.alt, table tr:nth-of-type(even) { background: rgba(119, 84, 22, 0.025); }
table thead tr th, table tfoot tr th, table tbody tr td, table tr td, table tfoot tr td { display: table-cell; line-height: 1.5; }

body { tab-size: 4; word-wrap: anywhere; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; }

table { word-wrap: normal; }

h1, h2, h3, #toctitle, .sidebarblock > .content > .title, h4, h5, h6 { line-height: 1.25; }

object, svg { display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; }

.center { margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; }

.stretch { width: 100%; }

.clearfix:before, .clearfix:after, .float-group:before, .float-group:after { content: " "; display: table; }
.clearfix:after, .float-group:after { clear: both; }

:not(pre).nobreak { word-wrap: normal; }
:not(pre).nowrap { white-space: nowrap; }
:not(pre).pre-wrap { white-space: pre-wrap; }

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pre { color: inherit; font-family: "Liberation Mono", "Consolas", monospace; line-height: 1.4; }
pre code, pre pre { color: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; }
pre > code { display: block; }

pre.nowrap, pre.nowrap pre { white-space: pre; word-wrap: normal; }

em em { font-style: normal; }

strong strong { font-weight: normal; }

.keyseq { color: rgba(51, 51, 51, 0.8); }

kbd { font-family: "Ubuntu Mono", "Inconsolata", monospace; display: inline-block; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8); font-size: 0.65em; line-height: 1.45; background-color: #f7f7f7; border: 1px solid #ccc; -webkit-border-radius: 3px; border-radius: 3px; -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2), 0 0 0 0.1em white inset; -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2), 0 0 0 0.1em white inset; box-shadow: 0 1px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2), 0 0 0 0.1em white inset; margin: 0 0.15em; padding: 0.2em 0.5em; vertical-align: middle; position: relative; top: -0.1em; white-space: nowrap; }

.keyseq kbd:first-child { margin-left: 0; }

.keyseq kbd:last-child { margin-right: 0; }

.menuseq, .menuref { color: #000; }

.menuseq b:not(.caret), .menuref { font-weight: inherit; }

.menuseq { word-spacing: -0.02em; }
.menuseq b.caret { font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 0.8; }
.menuseq i.caret { font-weight: bold; text-align: center; width: 0.45em; }

b.button:before, b.button:after { position: relative; top: -1px; font-weight: normal; }

b.button:before { content: "["; padding: 0 3px 0 2px; }

b.button:after { content: "]"; padding: 0 2px 0 3px; }

p a > code:hover { color: #1a0f00; }

#header, #content, #footnotes, #footer { width: 100%; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; max-width: 62.5em; *zoom: 1; position: relative; padding-left: 0.9375em; padding-right: 0.9375em; }
#header:before, #header:after, #content:before, #content:after, #footnotes:before, #footnotes:after, #footer:before, #footer:after { content: " "; display: table; }
#header:after, #content:after, #footnotes:after, #footer:after { clear: both; }

#content { margin-top: 1.25em; }

#content:before { content: none; }

#header > h1:first-child { color: #703f1c; margin-top: 2.25rem; margin-bottom: 0; }
#header > h1:first-child + #toc { margin-top: 8px; border-top: 1px solid rgba(145, 135, 84, 0.15); }
#header > h1:only-child, body.toc2 #header > h1:nth-last-child(2) { border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(145, 135, 84, 0.15); padding-bottom: 8px; }
#header .details { border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(145, 135, 84, 0.15); line-height: 1.45; padding-top: 0.25em; padding-bottom: 0.25em; padding-left: 0.25em; color: #666; display: -ms-flexbox; display: -webkit-flex; display: flex; -ms-flex-flow: row wrap; -webkit-flex-flow: row wrap; flex-flow: row wrap; }
#header .details span:first-child { margin-left: -0.125em; }
#header .details span.email a { color: #999; }
#header .details br { display: none; }
#header .details br + span:before { content: "\00a0\2013\00a0"; }
#header .details br + span.author:before { content: "\00a0\22c5\00a0"; color: #999; }
#header .details br + span#revremark:before { content: "\00a0|\00a0"; }
#header #revnumber { text-transform: capitalize; }
#header #revnumber:after { content: "\00a0"; }

#content > h1:first-child:not([class]) { color: #703f1c; border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(145, 135, 84, 0.15); padding-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 0; padding-top: 1rem; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; }

#toc { border-bottom: 0px solid #ddd; padding-bottom: 0.5em; }
#toc > ul { margin-left: 0.125em; }
#toc ul.sectlevel0 > li > a { font-style: italic; }
#toc ul.sectlevel0 ul.sectlevel1 { margin: 0.5em 0; }
#toc ul { font-family: "Varela Round", sans-serif; list-style-type: none; }
#toc li { line-height: 1.3334; margin-top: 0.3334em; }
#toc a { text-decoration: none; }
#toc a:active { text-decoration: underline; }

#toctitle { color: #002c5e; font-size: 1.2em; }

@media only screen and (min-width: 768px) { #toctitle { font-size: 1.375em; }
  body.toc2 { padding-left: 15em; padding-right: 0; }
  #toc.toc2 { margin-top: 0 !important; background: #f2f2f4; position: fixed; width: 15em; left: 0; top: 0; border-right: 1px solid #ddd; border-top-width: 0 !important; border-bottom-width: 0 !important; z-index: 1000; padding: 1.25em 1em; height: 100%; overflow: auto; }
  #toc.toc2 #toctitle { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0.8rem; font-size: 1.2em; }
  #toc.toc2 > ul { font-size: 0.9em; margin-bottom: 0; }
  #toc.toc2 ul ul { margin-left: 0; padding-left: 1em; }
  #toc.toc2 ul.sectlevel0 ul.sectlevel1 { padding-left: 0; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; }
  body.toc2.toc-right { padding-left: 0; padding-right: 15em; }
  body.toc2.toc-right #toc.toc2 { border-right-width: 0; border-left: 1px solid #ddd; left: auto; right: 0; } }
@media only screen and (min-width: 1280px) { body.toc2 { padding-left: 20em; padding-right: 0; }
  #toc.toc2 { width: 20em; }
  #toc.toc2 #toctitle { font-size: 1.375em; }
  #toc.toc2 > ul { font-size: 0.95em; }
  #toc.toc2 ul ul { padding-left: 1.25em; }
  body.toc2.toc-right { padding-left: 0; padding-right: 20em; } }
#content #toc { border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; border-color: #d6d6dd; margin-bottom: 1.25em; padding: 1.25em; background: #f2f2f4; -webkit-border-radius: 6px; border-radius: 6px; }
#content #toc > :first-child { margin-top: 0; }
#content #toc > :last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }

#footer { max-width: none; background: #0b445a; padding: 1.25em; }

#footer-text { color: #fefdfd; line-height: 1.35; }

#content { margin-bottom: 0.625em; }

.sect1 { padding-bottom: 0.625em; }

@media only screen and (min-width: 768px) { #content { margin-bottom: 1.25em; }
  .sect1 { padding-bottom: 1.25em; } }
.sect1:last-child { padding-bottom: 0; }

.sect1 + .sect1 { border-top: 0px solid #ddd; }

#content h1 > a.anchor, h2 > a.anchor, h3 > a.anchor, #toctitle > a.anchor, .sidebarblock > .content > .title > a.anchor, h4 > a.anchor, h5 > a.anchor, h6 > a.anchor { position: absolute; z-index: 1001; width: 1.5ex; margin-left: -1.5ex; display: block; text-decoration: none !important; visibility: hidden; text-align: center; font-weight: normal; }
#content h1 > a.anchor:before, h2 > a.anchor:before, h3 > a.anchor:before, #toctitle > a.anchor:before, .sidebarblock > .content > .title > a.anchor:before, h4 > a.anchor:before, h5 > a.anchor:before, h6 > a.anchor:before { content: "\00A7"; font-size: 0.85em; display: block; padding-top: 0.1em; }
#content h1:hover > a.anchor, #content h1 > a.anchor:hover, h2:hover > a.anchor, h2 > a.anchor:hover, h3:hover > a.anchor, #toctitle:hover > a.anchor, .sidebarblock > .content > .title:hover > a.anchor, h3 > a.anchor:hover, #toctitle > a.anchor:hover, .sidebarblock > .content > .title > a.anchor:hover, h4:hover > a.anchor, h4 > a.anchor:hover, h5:hover > a.anchor, h5 > a.anchor:hover, h6:hover > a.anchor, h6 > a.anchor:hover { visibility: visible; }
#content h1 > a.link, h2 > a.link, h3 > a.link, #toctitle > a.link, .sidebarblock > .content > .title > a.link, h4 > a.link, h5 > a.link, h6 > a.link { color: #00326b; text-decoration: none; }
#content h1 > a.link:hover, h2 > a.link:hover, h3 > a.link:hover, #toctitle > a.link:hover, .sidebarblock > .content > .title > a.link:hover, h4 > a.link:hover, h5 > a.link:hover, h6 > a.link:hover { color: #002652; }

details, .audioblock, .imageblock, .literalblock, .listingblock, .stemblock, .videoblock { margin-bottom: 1.25em; }

details > summary:first-of-type { cursor: pointer; display: list-item; outline: none; margin-bottom: 0.75em; }

.admonitionblock td.content > .title, .audioblock > .title, .exampleblock > .title, .imageblock > .title, .listingblock > .title, .literalblock > .title, .stemblock > .title, .openblock > .title, .paragraph > .title, .quoteblock > .title, table.tableblock > .title, .verseblock > .title, .videoblock > .title, .dlist > .title, .olist > .title, .ulist > .title, .qlist > .title, .hdlist > .title { text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; text-align: left; }

table.tableblock.fit-content > caption.title { white-space: nowrap; width: 0; }

.paragraph.lead > p, #preamble > .sectionbody > [class="paragraph"]:first-of-type p { font-size: 1.21875em; line-height: 1.6; color: #703f1c; }

table.tableblock #preamble > .sectionbody > [class="paragraph"]:first-of-type p { font-size: inherit; }

.admonitionblock > table { border-collapse: separate; border: 0; background: none; width: 100%; }
.admonitionblock > table td.icon { text-align: center; width: 80px; }
.admonitionblock > table td.icon img { max-width: none; }
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</head>
<body class="article toc2 toc-left">
<div id="header">
<h1>C++ Ecosystem International Standard</h1>
<div class="details">
<span id="author" class="author">René Ferdinand Rivera Morell, et al.</span><br>
<span id="email" class="email"><a href="mailto:grafikrobot@gmail.com">grafikrobot@gmail.com</a></span><br>
<span id="revnumber"> P2656R0,</span>
<span id="revdate">2022-10-13</span>
</div>
<div id="toc" class="toc2">
<div id="toctitle">Table of Contents</div>
<ul class="sectlevel1">
<li><a href="#_abstract">1. Abstract</a></li>
<li><a href="#_revision_history">2. Revision History</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_revision_0_october_2022">2.1. Revision 0 (October 2022)</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_motivation">3. Motivation</a></li>
<li><a href="#_scope">4. Scope</a></li>
<li><a href="#_goals">5. Goals</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_definitions">5.1. Definitions</a></li>
<li><a href="#_build_system_package_manager_interoperation">5.2. Build System &#8656;&#8658; Package Manager Interoperation</a></li>
<li><a href="#_file_names">5.3. File Names</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
<div class="sectionbody">
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<div class="dlist">
<dl>
<dt class="hdlist1">Document number: </dt>
<dd>
<p>ISO/IEC/JTC1/SC22/WG21/P2656R0</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">Date: </dt>
<dd>
<p>2022-10-13</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">Audience: </dt>
<dd>
<p>WG21</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">Reply-to: </dt>
<dd>
<p>René Ferdinand Rivera Morell - <em>grafikrobot at gmail dot com</em> - B2 Maintainer<br>
Ben Craig - <em>ben dot craig at gmail dot com</em></p>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_abstract"><a class="anchor" href="#_abstract"></a>1. Abstract</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>We propose to publish an International Standard that specifies formats,
processes, definitions, and so on, that facilitates the interoperation of the
tools and systems that implement, and interface with, the C&#43;&#43; International
Standard (ISO/IEC 14882).</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_revision_history"><a class="anchor" href="#_revision_history"></a>2. Revision History</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_revision_0_october_2022"><a class="anchor" href="#_revision_0_october_2022"></a>2.1. Revision 0 (October 2022)</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Initial text.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_motivation"><a class="anchor" href="#_motivation"></a>3. Motivation</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Interoperability is a challenge in today&#8217;s C&#43;&#43; ecosystem. At a time when the
C&#43;&#43; language is advancing, the community is struggling to manage the
challenges of the complexity and variability of the tools, technologies, and
systems that make C&#43;&#43; possible. In the view of users the C&#43;&#43; ecosystem is
fractured in ways that hinder its successful advancement.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The continued success of C&#43;&#43; is tied not solely to the language, but to the
C&#43;&#43; ecosystem. The interoperability within that ecosystem is key to
surmounting the challenges of further growth of the language for the benefit of
users. It is therefore critical that we expand the specifications that WG21 produces to bring coherence to the C&#43;&#43; ecosystem.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Users should be able to mix and match their preferred build systems, compilers,
linkers, package managers, static analyzers, runtime analyzers, debuggers,
profilers, etc. without needing the tools to have vendor specific knowledge of
each other. Vendors should be able to focus on direct tool improvements, rather
than figuring out how to interact with yet another proprietary interface.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_scope"><a class="anchor" href="#_scope"></a>4. Scope</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This new standard aims to clarify practice in a common
way. It can contain various aspects of the C&#43;&#43; Ecosystem:</p>
</div>
<div class="olist arabic">
<ol class="arabic">
<li>
<p><em>Definitions</em> :
We will need a common language to refer to the many components
and aspects of the ecosystem. With a shared understanding of components like:
compilers, linkers, analyzers, debuggers, package managers, preprocessors,
source files, object files, library files, shared library files, executables,
and more, we can subsequently formulate specifications for them.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><em>Format Specifications</em> :
The tools that make up the ecosystem work by consuming and producing a variety
of data in a variety of formats. We will need to specify those formats such that
the tools and components can operate effectively.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><em>Operation Specifications</em> :
It&#8217;s not enough to know what the information the ecosystem contains, we
also need to specify how that data is consumed and produced to aid in
inter-operation of the variety of use cases in the C&#43;&#43; ecosystem.</p>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This new standard will not:</p>
</div>
<div class="olist arabic">
<ol class="arabic">
<li>
<p><em>Mandate any single vendor tools</em> :
It is not a goal to seek single "blessed" tools in the ecosystem. We have a
wide variety of good tools in the ecosystem. And we look forward to those tools
cooperating with each other.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><em>Prohibit vendor extensions</em> :
It is not a goal to prevent vendor innovation in what the ecosystem tools can
achieve. As such we welcome extensions and look towards the advancement that
such extensions bring.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><em>Modify the C&#43;&#43; Language Standard</em> :
It is not a goal to alter, in any way, the C&#43;&#43; Language Standard. It is
important that how we define the tools of the C&#43;&#43; ecosystem evolves
independent of the language.</p>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_goals"><a class="anchor" href="#_goals"></a>5. Goals</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Like the C&#43;&#43; Language Standard this one will never be complete or finished.
And it will take time and effort to provide coverage of the specifications
needed to put together a good basic picture of the ecosystem. While the scope
above defines an ideal completion, the goals for a first revision of this
standard could include some modest items:</p>
</div>
<div class="olist arabic">
<ol class="arabic">
<li>
<p>Definitions</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Format Specifications :</p>
<div class="olist loweralpha">
<ol class="loweralpha" type="a">
<li>
<p>Build System &#8656;&#8658; Package Manager Interoperation</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>File Names</p>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_definitions"><a class="anchor" href="#_definitions"></a>5.1. Definitions</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>We will need some basic definitions as needed to circumscribe the specifications
included in this first standard.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_build_system_package_manager_interoperation"><a class="anchor" href="#_build_system_package_manager_interoperation"></a>5.2. Build System &#8656;&#8658; Package Manager Interoperation</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Specification of formats and operation of interoperability between build
systems and package managers. Current and previous work on this:</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>P2673 Common Description Format for C&#43;&#43; Libraries and Packages
<sup class="footnote">[<a id="_footnoteref_1" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_1" title="View footnote.">1</a>]</sup></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The CppCon 2022 presentation "The Case For a Standardized Package Description
Format",
<sup class="footnote">[<a id="_footnoteref_2" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_2" title="View footnote.">2</a>]</sup>
prompted ongoing work to specify standard communication format between package
managers and build systems.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>P2577 C&#43;&#43; Modules Discovery in Prebuilt Library Releases
<sup class="footnote" id="_footnote_P2577">[<a id="_footnoteref_3" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_3" title="View footnote.">3</a>]</sup></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>P2536 Distributing C&#43;&#43; Module Libraries with dependencies json files.
<sup class="footnote" id="_footnote_P2536">[<a id="_footnoteref_4" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_4" title="View footnote.">4</a>]</sup></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>P2473 Distributing C&#43;&#43; Module Libraries.
<sup class="footnote" id="_footnote_P2473">[<a id="_footnoteref_5" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_5" title="View footnote.">5</a>]</sup></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>P1767 Packaging C&#43;&#43; Modules.
<sup class="footnote" id="_footnote_P1767">[<a id="_footnoteref_6" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_6" title="View footnote.">6</a>]</sup></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>libman</code>, A Dependency Manager ➔ Build System Bridge
<sup class="footnote" id="_footnote_libman">[<a id="_footnoteref_7" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_7" title="View footnote.">7</a>]</sup></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>P1313 Let&#8217;s Talk About Package Specification.
<sup class="footnote" id="_footnote_P1313">[<a id="_footnoteref_8" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_8" title="View footnote.">8</a>]</sup></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>P1177 Package Ecosystem Plan.
<sup class="footnote" id="_footnote_P1177">[<a id="_footnoteref_9" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_9" title="View footnote.">9</a>]</sup></p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_file_names"><a class="anchor" href="#_file_names"></a>5.3. File Names</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Specification of a minimal set of file names understood, and for what they
are understood, by the various tools in the ecosystem. Current and previous
work on this:</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>P1838 Modules User-Facing Lexicon and File Extensions.
<sup class="footnote">[<a id="_footnoteref_10" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_10" title="View footnote.">10</a>]</sup></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>P1177 Package Ecosystem Plan.
<sup class="footnoteref">[<a class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_9" title="View footnote.">9</a>]</sup></p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="footnotes">
<hr>
<div class="footnote" id="_footnotedef_1">
<a href="#_footnoteref_1">1</a>. Common Description Format for C&#43;&#43; Libraries and Packages (<a href="https://wg21.link/p2673r0" class="bare">https://wg21.link/p2673r0</a>)
</div>
<div class="footnote" id="_footnotedef_2">
<a href="#_footnoteref_2">2</a>. CppCon 2022: The Case For a Standardized Package Description Format, <em>Luis Caro Campos</em> (<a href="https://cppcon.digital-medium.co.uk/session/2022/the-case-for-a-standardized-package-description-format/" class="bare">https://cppcon.digital-medium.co.uk/session/2022/the-case-for-a-standardized-package-description-format/</a>)
</div>
<div class="footnote" id="_footnotedef_3">
<a href="#_footnoteref_3">3</a>. C&#43;&#43; Modules Discovery in Prebuilt Library Releases, <em>Daniel Ruoso</em> (<a href="https://github.com/cplusplus/papers/issues/1232" class="bare">https://github.com/cplusplus/papers/issues/1232</a>)
</div>
<div class="footnote" id="_footnotedef_4">
<a href="#_footnoteref_4">4</a>. Distributing C&#43;&#43; Module Libraries with dependencies json files. <em>Olga Arkhipova</em> (<a href="https://github.com/cplusplus/papers/issues/1199" class="bare">https://github.com/cplusplus/papers/issues/1199</a>)
</div>
<div class="footnote" id="_footnotedef_5">
<a href="#_footnoteref_5">5</a>. Distributing C&#43;&#43; Module Libraries. <em>Daniel Ruoso</em> (<a href="https://github.com/cplusplus/papers/issues/1131" class="bare">https://github.com/cplusplus/papers/issues/1131</a>)
</div>
<div class="footnote" id="_footnotedef_6">
<a href="#_footnoteref_6">6</a>. Packaging C&#43;&#43; Modules. <em>Richard Smith</em> (<a href="https://github.com/cplusplus/papers/issues/522" class="bare">https://github.com/cplusplus/papers/issues/522</a>)
</div>
<div class="footnote" id="_footnotedef_7">
<a href="#_footnoteref_7">7</a>. <code>libman</code>, A Dependency Manager ➔ Build System Bridge <em>Colby Pike</em> (<a href="https://api.csswg.org/bikeshed/?force=1&amp;url=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vector-of-bool/libman/develop/data/spec.bs" class="bare">https://api.csswg.org/bikeshed/?force=1&amp;url=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vector-of-bool/libman/develop/data/spec.bs</a>)
</div>
<div class="footnote" id="_footnotedef_8">
<a href="#_footnoteref_8">8</a>. Let&#8217;s Talk About Package Specification. <em>Matthew Woehlke</em> (<a href="https://wg21.link/p1313" class="bare">https://wg21.link/p1313</a>)
</div>
<div class="footnote" id="_footnotedef_9">
<a href="#_footnoteref_9">9</a>. Package Ecosystem Plan. <em>René Ferdinand Rivera Morell</em> (<a href="https://github.com/cplusplus/papers/issues/48" class="bare">https://github.com/cplusplus/papers/issues/48</a>)
</div>
<div class="footnote" id="_footnotedef_10">
<a href="#_footnoteref_10">10</a>. Modules User-Facing Lexicon and File Extensions. <em>Bryce Adelstein Lelbach</em>, <em>Boris Kolpackov</em> (<a href="https://github.com/cplusplus/papers/issues/727" class="bare">https://github.com/cplusplus/papers/issues/727</a>)
</div>
</div>
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