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    CWG Issue 1144</TITLE>
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<P><EM>This is an unofficial snapshot of the ISO/IEC JTC1 SC22 WG21
  Core Issues List revision 118b.
  See http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/ for the official
  list.</EM></P>
<P>2025-09-28</P>
<HR>
<A NAME="1144"></A><H4>1144.
  
Remove access declarations
</H4>
<B>Section: </B>_N3225_.11.3&#160; [<A href="https://wg21.link/class.access.dcl">class.access.dcl</A>]
 &#160;&#160;&#160;

 <B>Status: </B>C++11
 &#160;&#160;&#160;

 <B>Submitter: </B>US
 &#160;&#160;&#160;

 <B>Date: </B>2010-08-03<BR><BR>


<P>[Voted into the WP at the November, 2010 meeting.]</P>

<A href="http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2011/n3296.html#US56">N3092 comment
  US&#160;56<BR></A>

<P>Access declarations were deprecated in the 1998 standard
and have no benefits over <I>using-declaration</I>s. They should be
removed in C++0x.</P>

<P><B>Proposed resolution (August, 2010):</B></P>

<OL>
<LI><P>Delete _N3225_.11.3 [<A href="https://wg21.link/class.access.dcl">class.access.dcl</A>].</P></LI>

<LI><P>Delete _N3225_.D.3 [<A href="https://wg21.link/depr.access.dcl">depr.access.dcl</A>].</P></LI>

<LI><P>Delete the following production from the grammar in
11.4 [<A href="https://wg21.link/class.mem#1">class.mem</A>] paragraph 1:</P></LI>

<UL>
<I>member-declaration:</I>
<UL>...</UL>
<UL><DEL><TT>::</TT><I><SUB>opt</SUB> nested-name-specifier</I> <TT>template</TT><I><SUB>opt</SUB> unqualified-id</I> <TT>;</TT></DEL></UL>
<UL>...</UL>
</UL>

<LI>Change 11.4 [<A href="https://wg21.link/class.mem#1">class.mem</A>] paragraph 1 as follows:</LI>

<BLOCKQUOTE>

...Except when used to declare friends (11.4) or to
introduce the name of a member of a base class into a
derived class (7.3.3<DEL>, 11.3</DEL>), <I>member-declaration</I>s
declare members of the class...

</BLOCKQUOTE>

<LI><P>Delete 9.10 [<A href="https://wg21.link/namespace.udecl#19">namespace.udecl</A>] paragraph 19:</P></LI>

<BLOCKQUOTE>

<DEL>[<I>Note:</I> use of <I>access-declaration</I>s
(_N3225_.11.3 [<A href="https://wg21.link/class.access.dcl">class.access.dcl</A>]) is deprecated; member
<I>using-declaration</I>s provide a better
alternative. &#8212;<I>end note</I>]</DEL>

</BLOCKQUOTE>

</OL>

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