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  <title>[intro.object]: the term &quot;subobject&quot; should consistently be either transitive or intransitive · Issue #2310 · cplusplus/draft · GitHub</title>



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      <meta name="description" content="Also, the term &quot;direct subobject&quot; should be defined and/or [except.ctor]/3 should be fixed. Richard Smith&#39;s answer to &#39;Is &quot;subobject&quot; a transitive relation?&#39;: I think it depends on the context of the use, sadly. Strictly, subobject is no...">

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    <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"DiscussionForumPosting","headline":"[intro.object]: the term \"subobject\" should consistently be either transitive or intransitive","articleBody":"**Also, the term \"direct subobject\" should be defined and/or [except.ctor]/3 should be fixed.**\r\n\r\nRichard Smith's answer to 'Is \"subobject\" a transitive relation?':\r\n\u003e I think it depends on the context of the use, sadly. Strictly, subobject is\r\nnot transitive, and an object is only a subobject in at most one way (it\r\ncannot be both an array element and a base class subobject, for instance),\r\nnotwithstanding that a virtual base class subobject can be a subobject of\r\nmultiple objects at once. Most uses of the term seem to use it in that way.\r\n\u003e\r\n\u003e However, there are some uses that clearly intend to take the transitive\r\nclosure:\r\n\u003e * [basic.stc.dynamic.safety]/2.2 intends to allow transitive subobjects\r\n(but should probably allow all objects nested within the original object)\r\n\u003e * [basic.types]/3's example says \"subobject\" but presumably means\r\nsomething more general\r\n\u003e * [basic.type.qualifier]/1.1, /1.2, /1.3 have ambiguous antecedents and\r\ncould be reworded to make it clearer that they are transitive (\"of such an\r\nobject\" -\u003e \"of a const object\").\r\n\u003e * [basic.start.static]/2 intends to allow transitive subobjects\r\n\u003e * [conv.ptr]/3 intends to allow anything in the transitive closure of\r\n\"base class subobject of\".\r\n\u003e ... and so on. (I'm sure you can find more.)\r\n\u003e\r\n\u003e Feel like filing an editorial issue? We should aim to use the term\r\nconsistently.\r\n\r\nFrom me:\r\n[except.ctor]/3:\r\nIf the initialization or destruction of an object other than by delegating constructor is terminated by an exception, the destructor is invoked for each of the object's direct subobjects…\r\n(Implies that subobjects can be indirect) \r\n\r\nIf the 'direct subobjects' here are '(immediate) base class subobjects' and 'member subobjects', what does it mean for members of an array type? How can a destructor be invoked for them? (**Should I create another issue for this?**)","author":{"url":"https://github.com/languagelawyer","@type":"Person","name":"languagelawyer"},"datePublished":"2018-08-29T00:42:51.000Z","interactionStatistic":{"@type":"InteractionCounter","interactionType":"https://schema.org/CommentAction","userInteractionCount":4},"url":"https://github.com/2310/draft/issues/2310"}</script> 
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    <path d="M3.75 2h3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-3.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v8.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v3.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 12.25 14h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 12.25v-8.5C2 2.784 2.784 2 3.75 2Zm6.854-1h4.146a.25.25 0 0 1 .25.25v4.146a.25.25 0 0 1-.427.177L13.03 4.03 9.28 7.78a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042l3.75-3.75-1.543-1.543A.25.25 0 0 1 10.604 1Z"></path>
</svg>
</a></li>

                  </ul>
                </div>
                <div class="border-bottom border-lg-bottom-0 pb-lg-0 pb-3">

                      <span class="d-block h4 color-fg-default my-1" id="platform-integrations-heading">Integrations</span>

                  <ul class="list-style-none f5" aria-labelledby="platform-integrations-heading">
                      <li>
  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;github_marketplace&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;platform&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;github_marketplace_link_platform_navbar&quot;}" href="https://github.com/marketplace">
      GitHub Marketplace

    
</a></li>

                      <li>
  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;mcp_registry&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;platform&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;mcp_registry_link_platform_navbar&quot;}" href="https://github.com/mcp">
      MCP Registry

    
</a></li>

                  </ul>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>

          <div class="HeaderMenu-trailing-link rounded-bottom-2 mt-lg-4 px-lg-4 py-4 py-lg-3 f5 text-semibold">
            <a data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;view_all_features&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;platform&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;view_all_features_link_platform_navbar&quot;}" href="https://github.com/features">
              View all features
              <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-chevron-right HeaderMenu-trailing-link-icon">
    <path d="M6.22 3.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L9.94 8 6.22 4.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path>
</svg>
</a>          </div>
      </div>
</li>


                <li class="HeaderMenu-item position-relative flex-wrap flex-justify-between flex-items-center d-block d-lg-flex flex-lg-nowrap flex-lg-items-center js-details-container js-header-menu-item">
      <button type="button" class="HeaderMenu-link border-0 width-full width-lg-auto px-0 px-lg-2 py-lg-2 no-wrap d-flex flex-items-center flex-justify-between js-details-target" aria-expanded="false">
        Solutions
        <svg opacity="0.5" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-chevron-down HeaderMenu-icon ml-1">
    <path d="M12.78 5.22a.749.749 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.06 0L3.22 6.28a.749.749 0 1 1 1.06-1.06L8 8.939l3.72-3.719a.749.749 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path>
</svg>
      </button>

      <div class="HeaderMenu-dropdown dropdown-menu rounded m-0 p-0 pt-2 pt-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n3 dropdown-menu-wide">
        <div class="d-lg-flex dropdown-menu-wide">
            <div class="HeaderMenu-column px-lg-4 pb-3 pb-lg-0 border-lg-right">
                <div class="border-bottom border-lg-bottom-0 pb-lg-0 pb-3">

                      <span class="d-block h4 color-fg-default my-1" id="solutions-by-company-size-heading">By company size</span>

                  <ul class="list-style-none f5" aria-labelledby="solutions-by-company-size-heading">
                      <li>
  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;enterprises&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;enterprises_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}" href="https://github.com/enterprise">
      Enterprises

    
</a></li>

                      <li>
  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;small_and_medium_teams&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;small_and_medium_teams_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}" href="https://github.com/team">
      Small and medium teams

    
</a></li>

                      <li>
  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;startups&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;startups_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}" href="https://github.com/enterprise/startups">
      Startups

    
</a></li>

                      <li>
  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;nonprofits&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;nonprofits_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}" href="/solutions/industry/nonprofits">
      Nonprofits

    
</a></li>

                  </ul>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="HeaderMenu-column px-lg-4 pb-3 pb-lg-0 border-lg-right">
                <div class="border-bottom border-lg-bottom-0 pb-lg-0 pb-3">

                      <span class="d-block h4 color-fg-default my-1" id="solutions-by-use-case-heading">By use case</span>

                  <ul class="list-style-none f5" aria-labelledby="solutions-by-use-case-heading">
                      <li>
  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;app_modernization&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;app_modernization_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}" href="/solutions/use-case/app-modernization">
      App Modernization

    
</a></li>

                      <li>
  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;devsecops&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;devsecops_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}" href="/solutions/use-case/devsecops">
      DevSecOps

    
</a></li>

                      <li>
  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;devops&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;devops_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}" href="/solutions/use-case/devops">
      DevOps

    
</a></li>

                      <li>
  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;ci_cd&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;ci_cd_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}" href="/solutions/use-case/ci-cd">
      CI/CD

    
</a></li>

                      <li>
  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;view_all_use_cases&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;view_all_use_cases_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}" href="/solutions/use-case">
      View all use cases

    
</a></li>

                  </ul>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="HeaderMenu-column px-lg-4">
                <div class="border-bottom border-lg-bottom-0 pb-lg-0 pb-3">

                      <span class="d-block h4 color-fg-default my-1" id="solutions-by-industry-heading">By industry</span>

                  <ul class="list-style-none f5" aria-labelledby="solutions-by-industry-heading">
                      <li>
  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;healthcare&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;healthcare_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}" href="/solutions/industry/healthcare">
      Healthcare

    
</a></li>

                      <li>
  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;financial_services&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;financial_services_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}" href="/solutions/industry/financial-services">
      Financial services

    
</a></li>

                      <li>
  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;manufacturing&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;manufacturing_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}" href="/solutions/industry/manufacturing">
      Manufacturing

    
</a></li>

                      <li>
  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;government&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;government_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}" href="/solutions/industry/government">
      Government

    
</a></li>

                      <li>
  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;view_all_industries&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;view_all_industries_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}" href="/solutions/industry">
      View all industries

    
</a></li>

                  </ul>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>

          <div class="HeaderMenu-trailing-link rounded-bottom-2 mt-lg-4 px-lg-4 py-4 py-lg-3 f5 text-semibold">
            <a data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;view_all_solutions&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;view_all_solutions_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}" href="/solutions">
              View all solutions
              <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-chevron-right HeaderMenu-trailing-link-icon">
    <path d="M6.22 3.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L9.94 8 6.22 4.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path>
</svg>
</a>          </div>
      </div>
</li>


                <li class="HeaderMenu-item position-relative flex-wrap flex-justify-between flex-items-center d-block d-lg-flex flex-lg-nowrap flex-lg-items-center js-details-container js-header-menu-item">
      <button type="button" class="HeaderMenu-link border-0 width-full width-lg-auto px-0 px-lg-2 py-lg-2 no-wrap d-flex flex-items-center flex-justify-between js-details-target" aria-expanded="false">
        Resources
        <svg opacity="0.5" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-chevron-down HeaderMenu-icon ml-1">
    <path d="M12.78 5.22a.749.749 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.06 0L3.22 6.28a.749.749 0 1 1 1.06-1.06L8 8.939l3.72-3.719a.749.749 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path>
</svg>
      </button>

      <div class="HeaderMenu-dropdown dropdown-menu rounded m-0 p-0 pt-2 pt-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n3 pb-2 pb-lg-4 dropdown-menu-wide">
        <div class="d-lg-flex dropdown-menu-wide">
            <div class="HeaderMenu-column px-lg-4 pb-3 pb-lg-0 border-lg-right">
                <div class="border-bottom border-lg-bottom-0 pb-lg-0 pb-3">

                      <span class="d-block h4 color-fg-default my-1" id="resources-topics-heading">Topics</span>

                  <ul class="list-style-none f5" aria-labelledby="resources-topics-heading">
                      <li>
  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;ai&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;resources&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;ai_link_resources_navbar&quot;}" href="/resources/articles/ai">
      AI

    
</a></li>

                      <li>
  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;devops&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;resources&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;devops_link_resources_navbar&quot;}" href="/resources/articles/devops">
      DevOps

    
</a></li>

                      <li>
  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;security&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;resources&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;security_link_resources_navbar&quot;}" href="/resources/articles/security">
      Security

    
</a></li>

                      <li>
  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;software_development&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;resources&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;software_development_link_resources_navbar&quot;}" href="/resources/articles/software-development">
      Software Development

    
</a></li>

                      <li>
  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;view_all&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;resources&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;view_all_link_resources_navbar&quot;}" href="/resources/articles">
      View all

    
</a></li>

                  </ul>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="HeaderMenu-column px-lg-4">
                <div class="border-bottom border-lg-bottom-0 pb-lg-0 border-bottom-0">

                      <span class="d-block h4 color-fg-default my-1" id="resources-explore-heading">Explore</span>

                  <ul class="list-style-none f5" aria-labelledby="resources-explore-heading">
                      <li>
  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary Link--external" target="_blank" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;learning_pathways&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;resources&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;learning_pathways_link_resources_navbar&quot;}" href="https://resources.github.com/learn/pathways">
      Learning Pathways

    <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-link-external HeaderMenu-external-icon color-fg-subtle">
    <path d="M3.75 2h3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-3.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v8.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v3.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 12.25 14h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 12.25v-8.5C2 2.784 2.784 2 3.75 2Zm6.854-1h4.146a.25.25 0 0 1 .25.25v4.146a.25.25 0 0 1-.427.177L13.03 4.03 9.28 7.78a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042l3.75-3.75-1.543-1.543A.25.25 0 0 1 10.604 1Z"></path>
</svg>
</a></li>

                      <li>
  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;events_amp_webinars&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;resources&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;events_amp_webinars_link_resources_navbar&quot;}" href="https://github.com/resources/events">
      Events &amp; Webinars

    
</a></li>

                      <li>
  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;ebooks_amp_whitepapers&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;resources&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;ebooks_amp_whitepapers_link_resources_navbar&quot;}" href="https://github.com/resources/whitepapers">
      Ebooks &amp; Whitepapers

    
</a></li>

                      <li>
  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;customer_stories&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;resources&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;customer_stories_link_resources_navbar&quot;}" href="https://github.com/customer-stories">
      Customer Stories

    
</a></li>

                      <li>
  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;partners&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;resources&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;partners_link_resources_navbar&quot;}" href="https://github.com/partners">
      Partners

    
</a></li>

                      <li>
  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;executive_insights&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;resources&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;executive_insights_link_resources_navbar&quot;}" href="https://github.com/solutions/executive-insights">
      Executive Insights

    
</a></li>

                  </ul>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>

      </div>
</li>


                <li class="HeaderMenu-item position-relative flex-wrap flex-justify-between flex-items-center d-block d-lg-flex flex-lg-nowrap flex-lg-items-center js-details-container js-header-menu-item">
      <button type="button" class="HeaderMenu-link border-0 width-full width-lg-auto px-0 px-lg-2 py-lg-2 no-wrap d-flex flex-items-center flex-justify-between js-details-target" aria-expanded="false">
        Open Source
        <svg opacity="0.5" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-chevron-down HeaderMenu-icon ml-1">
    <path d="M12.78 5.22a.749.749 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.06 0L3.22 6.28a.749.749 0 1 1 1.06-1.06L8 8.939l3.72-3.719a.749.749 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path>
</svg>
      </button>

      <div class="HeaderMenu-dropdown dropdown-menu rounded m-0 p-0 pt-2 pt-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n3 pb-2 pb-lg-4">
        <div class="d-lg-flex dropdown-menu-wide">
            <div class="HeaderMenu-column px-lg-4">
                <div class="border-bottom mb-3 mb-lg-3 pb-3">

                  <ul class="list-style-none f5" >
                      <li>
  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;github_sponsors&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;open_source&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;github_sponsors_link_open_source_navbar&quot;}" href="/sponsors">
      
      <div>
        <div class="color-fg-default h4">
          GitHub Sponsors

        </div>

        Fund open source developers
      </div>

    
</a></li>

                  </ul>
                </div>
                <div class="border-bottom mb-3 mb-lg-3 pb-3">

                  <ul class="list-style-none f5" >
                      <li>
  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;the_readme_project&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;open_source&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;the_readme_project_link_open_source_navbar&quot;}" href="https://github.com/readme">
      
      <div>
        <div class="color-fg-default h4">
          The ReadME Project

        </div>

        GitHub community articles
      </div>

    
</a></li>

                  </ul>
                </div>
                <div class="border-bottom border-bottom-0">

                      <span class="d-block h4 color-fg-default my-1" id="open-source-repositories-heading">Repositories</span>

                  <ul class="list-style-none f5" aria-labelledby="open-source-repositories-heading">
                      <li>
  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;topics&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;open_source&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;topics_link_open_source_navbar&quot;}" href="https://github.com/topics">
      Topics

    
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  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;trending&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;open_source&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;trending_link_open_source_navbar&quot;}" href="https://github.com/trending">
      Trending

    
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  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;collections&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;open_source&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;collections_link_open_source_navbar&quot;}" href="https://github.com/collections">
      Collections

    
</a></li>

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        </div>

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                <li class="HeaderMenu-item position-relative flex-wrap flex-justify-between flex-items-center d-block d-lg-flex flex-lg-nowrap flex-lg-items-center js-details-container js-header-menu-item">
      <button type="button" class="HeaderMenu-link border-0 width-full width-lg-auto px-0 px-lg-2 py-lg-2 no-wrap d-flex flex-items-center flex-justify-between js-details-target" aria-expanded="false">
        Enterprise
        <svg opacity="0.5" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-chevron-down HeaderMenu-icon ml-1">
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      <div class="HeaderMenu-dropdown dropdown-menu rounded m-0 p-0 pt-2 pt-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n3 pb-2 pb-lg-4">
        <div class="d-lg-flex dropdown-menu-wide">
            <div class="HeaderMenu-column px-lg-4">
                <div class="border-bottom mb-3 mb-lg-3 pb-3">

                  <ul class="list-style-none f5" >
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  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;enterprise_platform&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;enterprise&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;enterprise_platform_link_enterprise_navbar&quot;}" href="/enterprise">
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</svg>
      <div>
        <div class="color-fg-default h4">
          Enterprise platform

        </div>

        AI-powered developer platform
      </div>

    
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                  </ul>
                </div>
                <div class="border-bottom border-bottom-0">

                      <span class="d-block h4 color-fg-default my-1" id="enterprise-available-add-ons-heading">Available add-ons</span>

                  <ul class="list-style-none f5" aria-labelledby="enterprise-available-add-ons-heading">
                      <li>
  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description mb-lg-3" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;github_advanced_security&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;enterprise&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;github_advanced_security_link_enterprise_navbar&quot;}" href="https://github.com/security/advanced-security">
      <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-shield-check color-fg-subtle mr-3">
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</svg>
      <div>
        <div class="color-fg-default h4">
          GitHub Advanced Security

        </div>

        Enterprise-grade security features
      </div>

    
</a></li>

                      <li>
  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description mb-lg-3" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;copilot_for_business&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;enterprise&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;copilot_for_business_link_enterprise_navbar&quot;}" href="/features/copilot/copilot-business">
      <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-copilot color-fg-subtle mr-3">
    <path d="M23.922 16.992c-.861 1.495-5.859 5.023-11.922 5.023-6.063 0-11.061-3.528-11.922-5.023A.641.641 0 0 1 0 16.736v-2.869a.841.841 0 0 1 .053-.22c.372-.935 1.347-2.292 2.605-2.656.167-.429.414-1.055.644-1.517a10.195 10.195 0 0 1-.052-1.086c0-1.331.282-2.499 1.132-3.368.397-.406.89-.717 1.474-.952 1.399-1.136 3.392-2.093 6.122-2.093 2.731 0 4.767.957 6.166 2.093.584.235 1.077.546 1.474.952.85.869 1.132 2.037 1.132 3.368 0 .368-.014.733-.052 1.086.23.462.477 1.088.644 1.517 1.258.364 2.233 1.721 2.605 2.656a.832.832 0 0 1 .053.22v2.869a.641.641 0 0 1-.078.256ZM12.172 11h-.344a4.323 4.323 0 0 1-.355.508C10.703 12.455 9.555 13 7.965 13c-1.725 0-2.989-.359-3.782-1.259a2.005 2.005 0 0 1-.085-.104L4 11.741v6.585c1.435.779 4.514 2.179 8 2.179 3.486 0 6.565-1.4 8-2.179v-6.585l-.098-.104s-.033.045-.085.104c-.793.9-2.057 1.259-3.782 1.259-1.59 0-2.738-.545-3.508-1.492a4.323 4.323 0 0 1-.355-.508h-.016.016Zm.641-2.935c.136 1.057.403 1.913.878 2.497.442.544 1.134.938 2.344.938 1.573 0 2.292-.337 2.657-.751.384-.435.558-1.15.558-2.361 0-1.14-.243-1.847-.705-2.319-.477-.488-1.319-.862-2.824-1.025-1.487-.161-2.192.138-2.533.529-.269.307-.437.808-.438 1.578v.021c0 .265.021.562.063.893Zm-1.626 0c.042-.331.063-.628.063-.894v-.02c-.001-.77-.169-1.271-.438-1.578-.341-.391-1.046-.69-2.533-.529-1.505.163-2.347.537-2.824 1.025-.462.472-.705 1.179-.705 2.319 0 1.211.175 1.926.558 2.361.365.414 1.084.751 2.657.751 1.21 0 1.902-.394 2.344-.938.475-.584.742-1.44.878-2.497Z"></path><path d="M14.5 14.25a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v2a1 1 0 0 1-2 0v-2a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Zm-5 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v2a1 1 0 0 1-2 0v-2a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z"></path>
</svg>
      <div>
        <div class="color-fg-default h4">
          Copilot for business

        </div>

        Enterprise-grade AI features
      </div>

    
</a></li>

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  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;premium_support&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;enterprise&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;premium_support_link_enterprise_navbar&quot;}" href="/premium-support">
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</svg>
      <div>
        <div class="color-fg-default h4">
          Premium Support

        </div>

        Enterprise-grade 24/7 support
      </div>

    
</a></li>

                  </ul>
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</li>


                <li class="HeaderMenu-item position-relative flex-wrap flex-justify-between flex-items-center d-block d-lg-flex flex-lg-nowrap flex-lg-items-center js-details-container js-header-menu-item">
    <a class="HeaderMenu-link no-underline px-0 px-lg-2 py-3 py-lg-2 d-block d-lg-inline-block" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;platform&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;global&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;platform_link_global_navbar&quot;}" href="https://github.com/pricing">Pricing</a>
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<qbsearch-input class="search-input" data-scope="repo:cplusplus/draft" data-custom-scopes-path="/search/custom_scopes" data-delete-custom-scopes-csrf="HsMAbMw_kCPvvvZF5uPA4VCGWGWzE5WhvCgzrxvrf5_7sAp5mGUgl-hZ3nMF6whTYgI_gGosgrRBRu4zpV4q9w" data-max-custom-scopes="10" data-header-redesign-enabled="false" data-initial-value="" data-blackbird-suggestions-path="/search/suggestions" data-jump-to-suggestions-path="/_graphql/GetSuggestedNavigationDestinations" data-current-repository="cplusplus/draft" data-current-org="cplusplus" data-current-owner="" data-logged-in="false" data-copilot-chat-enabled="false" data-nl-search-enabled="false" data-retain-scroll-position="true">
  <div
    class="search-input-container search-with-dialog position-relative d-flex flex-row flex-items-center mr-4 rounded"
    data-action="click:qbsearch-input#searchInputContainerClicked"
  >
      <button
        type="button"
        class="header-search-button placeholder  input-button form-control d-flex flex-1 flex-self-stretch flex-items-center no-wrap width-full py-0 pl-2 pr-0 text-left border-0 box-shadow-none"
        data-target="qbsearch-input.inputButton"
        aria-label="Search or jump to…"
        aria-haspopup="dialog"
        placeholder="Search or jump to..."
        data-hotkey=s,/
        autocapitalize="off"
        data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;searchbar&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;global&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;input&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;searchbar_input_global_navbar&quot;}"
        data-action="click:qbsearch-input#handleExpand"
      >
        <div class="mr-2 color-fg-muted">
          <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search">
    <path d="M10.68 11.74a6 6 0 0 1-7.922-8.982 6 6 0 0 1 8.982 7.922l3.04 3.04a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215ZM11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 1 0-8.997 0A4.499 4.499 0 0 0 11.5 7Z"></path>
</svg>
        </div>
        <span class="flex-1" data-target="qbsearch-input.inputButtonText">Search or jump to...</span>
          <div class="d-flex" data-target="qbsearch-input.hotkeyIndicator">
            <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="22" height="20" aria-hidden="true" class="mr-1"><path fill="none" stroke="#979A9C" opacity=".4" d="M3.5.5h12c1.7 0 3 1.3 3 3v13c0 1.7-1.3 3-3 3h-12c-1.7 0-3-1.3-3-3v-13c0-1.7 1.3-3 3-3z"></path><path fill="#979A9C" d="M11.8 6L8 15.1h-.9L10.8 6h1z"></path></svg>
          </div>
      </button>

    <input type="hidden" name="type" class="js-site-search-type-field">

    
<div class="Overlay--hidden " data-modal-dialog-overlay>
  <modal-dialog data-action="close:qbsearch-input#handleClose cancel:qbsearch-input#handleClose" data-target="qbsearch-input.searchSuggestionsDialog" role="dialog" id="search-suggestions-dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-labelledby="search-suggestions-dialog-header" data-view-component="true" class="Overlay Overlay--width-large Overlay--height-auto">
      <h1 id="search-suggestions-dialog-header" class="sr-only">Search code, repositories, users, issues, pull requests...</h1>
    <div class="Overlay-body Overlay-body--paddingNone">
      
          <div data-view-component="true">        <div class="search-suggestions position-fixed width-full color-shadow-large border color-fg-default color-bg-default overflow-hidden d-flex flex-column query-builder-container"
          style="border-radius: 12px;"
          data-target="qbsearch-input.queryBuilderContainer"
          hidden
        >
          <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form id="query-builder-test-form" action="" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get">
  <query-builder data-target="qbsearch-input.queryBuilder" id="query-builder-query-builder-test" data-filter-key=":" data-view-component="true" class="QueryBuilder search-query-builder">
    <div class="FormControl FormControl--fullWidth">
      <label id="query-builder-test-label" for="query-builder-test" class="FormControl-label sr-only">
        Search
      </label>
      <div
        class="QueryBuilder-StyledInput width-fit "
        data-target="query-builder.styledInput"
      >
          <span id="query-builder-test-leadingvisual-wrap" class="FormControl-input-leadingVisualWrap QueryBuilder-leadingVisualWrap">
            <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search FormControl-input-leadingVisual">
    <path d="M10.68 11.74a6 6 0 0 1-7.922-8.982 6 6 0 0 1 8.982 7.922l3.04 3.04a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215ZM11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 1 0-8.997 0A4.499 4.499 0 0 0 11.5 7Z"></path>
</svg>
          </span>
        <div data-target="query-builder.styledInputContainer" class="QueryBuilder-StyledInputContainer">
          <div
            aria-hidden="true"
            class="QueryBuilder-StyledInputContent"
            data-target="query-builder.styledInputContent"
          ></div>
          <div class="QueryBuilder-InputWrapper">
            <div aria-hidden="true" class="QueryBuilder-Sizer" data-target="query-builder.sizer"></div>
            <input id="query-builder-test" name="query-builder-test" value="" autocomplete="off" type="text" role="combobox" spellcheck="false" aria-expanded="false" aria-describedby="validation-a62f8776-5f1e-4bf2-87f6-40025e7f2d26" data-target="query-builder.input" data-action="
          input:query-builder#inputChange
          blur:query-builder#inputBlur
          keydown:query-builder#inputKeydown
          focus:query-builder#inputFocus
        " data-view-component="true" class="FormControl-input QueryBuilder-Input FormControl-medium" />
          </div>
        </div>
          <span class="sr-only" id="query-builder-test-clear">Clear</span>
          <button role="button" id="query-builder-test-clear-button" aria-labelledby="query-builder-test-clear query-builder-test-label" data-target="query-builder.clearButton" data-action="
                click:query-builder#clear
                focus:query-builder#clearButtonFocus
                blur:query-builder#clearButtonBlur
              " variant="small" hidden="hidden" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="Button Button--iconOnly Button--invisible Button--medium mr-1 px-2 py-0 d-flex flex-items-center rounded-1 color-fg-muted">  <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x-circle-fill Button-visual">
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</svg>
</button>

      </div>
      <template id="search-icon">
  <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search">
    <path d="M10.68 11.74a6 6 0 0 1-7.922-8.982 6 6 0 0 1 8.982 7.922l3.04 3.04a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215ZM11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 1 0-8.997 0A4.499 4.499 0 0 0 11.5 7Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>

<template id="code-icon">
  <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-code">
    <path d="m11.28 3.22 4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.275-.326.749.749 0 0 1 .215-.734L13.94 8l-3.72-3.72a.749.749 0 0 1 .326-1.275.749.749 0 0 1 .734.215Zm-6.56 0a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042L2.06 8l3.72 3.72a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215L.47 8.53a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>

<template id="file-code-icon">
  <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-file-code">
    <path d="M4 1.75C4 .784 4.784 0 5.75 0h5.586c.464 0 .909.184 1.237.513l2.914 2.914c.329.328.513.773.513 1.237v8.586A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 15h-9a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h9a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25V6h-2.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 10 4.25V1.5H5.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v2.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0Zm1.72 4.97a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l2 2a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-2 2a.749.749 0 0 1-1.275-.326.749.749 0 0 1 .215-.734l1.47-1.47-1.47-1.47a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06ZM3.28 7.78 1.81 9.25l1.47 1.47a.751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018l-2-2a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06l2-2a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042Zm8.22-6.218V4.25c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2.688l-.011-.013-2.914-2.914-.013-.011Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>

<template id="history-icon">
  <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-history">
    <path d="m.427 1.927 1.215 1.215a8.002 8.002 0 1 1-1.6 5.685.75.75 0 1 1 1.493-.154 6.5 6.5 0 1 0 1.18-4.458l1.358 1.358A.25.25 0 0 1 3.896 6H.25A.25.25 0 0 1 0 5.75V2.104a.25.25 0 0 1 .427-.177ZM7.75 4a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v2.992l2.028.812a.75.75 0 0 1-.557 1.392l-2.5-1A.751.751 0 0 1 7 8.25v-3.5A.75.75 0 0 1 7.75 4Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>

<template id="repo-icon">
  <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo">
    <path d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 4.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 0 0-.714 1.7.75.75 0 1 1-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 0 1 2 11.5Zm10.5-1h-8a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v6.708A2.486 2.486 0 0 1 4.5 9h8ZM5 12.25a.25.25 0 0 1 .25-.25h3.5a.25.25 0 0 1 .25.25v3.25a.25.25 0 0 1-.4.2l-1.45-1.087a.249.249 0 0 0-.3 0L5.4 15.7a.25.25 0 0 1-.4-.2Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>

<template id="bookmark-icon">
  <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-bookmark">
    <path d="M3 2.75C3 1.784 3.784 1 4.75 1h6.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v11.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.227.579L8 11.722l-3.773 3.107A.751.751 0 0 1 3 14.25Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v9.91l3.023-2.489a.75.75 0 0 1 .954 0l3.023 2.49V2.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>

<template id="plus-circle-icon">
  <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-plus-circle">
    <path d="M8 0a8 8 0 1 1 0 16A8 8 0 0 1 8 0ZM1.5 8a6.5 6.5 0 1 0 13 0 6.5 6.5 0 0 0-13 0Zm7.25-3.25v2.5h2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-2.5v2.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0v-2.5h-2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h2.5v-2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>

<template id="circle-icon">
  <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-dot-fill">
    <path d="M8 4a4 4 0 1 1 0 8 4 4 0 0 1 0-8Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>

<template id="trash-icon">
  <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-trash">
    <path d="M11 1.75V3h2.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5H2.75a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5H5V1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h2.5C10.216 0 11 .784 11 1.75ZM4.496 6.675l.66 6.6a.25.25 0 0 0 .249.225h5.19a.25.25 0 0 0 .249-.225l.66-6.6a.75.75 0 0 1 1.492.149l-.66 6.6A1.748 1.748 0 0 1 10.595 15h-5.19a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.741-1.575l-.66-6.6a.75.75 0 1 1 1.492-.15ZM6.5 1.75V3h3V1.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25h-2.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>

<template id="team-icon">
  <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-people">
    <path d="M2 5.5a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 5.898 2.549 5.508 5.508 0 0 1 3.034 4.084.75.75 0 1 1-1.482.235 4 4 0 0 0-7.9 0 .75.75 0 0 1-1.482-.236A5.507 5.507 0 0 1 3.102 8.05 3.493 3.493 0 0 1 2 5.5ZM11 4a3.001 3.001 0 0 1 2.22 5.018 5.01 5.01 0 0 1 2.56 3.012.749.749 0 0 1-.885.954.752.752 0 0 1-.549-.514 3.507 3.507 0 0 0-2.522-2.372.75.75 0 0 1-.574-.73v-.352a.75.75 0 0 1 .416-.672A1.5 1.5 0 0 0 11 5.5.75.75 0 0 1 11 4Zm-5.5-.5a2 2 0 1 0-.001 3.999A2 2 0 0 0 5.5 3.5Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>

<template id="project-icon">
  <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project">
    <path d="M1.75 0h12.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 16H1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 14.25V1.75C0 .784.784 0 1.75 0ZM1.5 1.75v12.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h12.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25V1.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25H1.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25ZM11.75 3a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75Zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0ZM8 3a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 0 1 8 3Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>

<template id="pencil-icon">
  <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-pencil">
    <path d="M11.013 1.427a1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2.474 0l1.086 1.086a1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 2.474l-8.61 8.61c-.21.21-.47.364-.756.445l-3.251.93a.75.75 0 0 1-.927-.928l.929-3.25c.081-.286.235-.547.445-.758l8.61-8.61Zm.176 4.823L9.75 4.81l-6.286 6.287a.253.253 0 0 0-.064.108l-.558 1.953 1.953-.558a.253.253 0 0 0 .108-.064Zm1.238-3.763a.25.25 0 0 0-.354 0L10.811 3.75l1.439 1.44 1.263-1.263a.25.25 0 0 0 0-.354Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>

<template id="copilot-icon">
  <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-copilot">
    <path d="M7.998 15.035c-4.562 0-7.873-2.914-7.998-3.749V9.338c.085-.628.677-1.686 1.588-2.065.013-.07.024-.143.036-.218.029-.183.06-.384.126-.612-.201-.508-.254-1.084-.254-1.656 0-.87.128-1.769.693-2.484.579-.733 1.494-1.124 2.724-1.261 1.206-.134 2.262.034 2.944.765.05.053.096.108.139.165.044-.057.094-.112.143-.165.682-.731 1.738-.899 2.944-.765 1.23.137 2.145.528 2.724 1.261.566.715.693 1.614.693 2.484 0 .572-.053 1.148-.254 1.656.066.228.098.429.126.612.012.076.024.148.037.218.924.385 1.522 1.471 1.591 2.095v1.872c0 .766-3.351 3.795-8.002 3.795Zm0-1.485c2.28 0 4.584-1.11 5.002-1.433V7.862l-.023-.116c-.49.21-1.075.291-1.727.291-1.146 0-2.059-.327-2.71-.991A3.222 3.222 0 0 1 8 6.303a3.24 3.24 0 0 1-.544.743c-.65.664-1.563.991-2.71.991-.652 0-1.236-.081-1.727-.291l-.023.116v4.255c.419.323 2.722 1.433 5.002 1.433ZM6.762 2.83c-.193-.206-.637-.413-1.682-.297-1.019.113-1.479.404-1.713.7-.247.312-.369.789-.369 1.554 0 .793.129 1.171.308 1.371.162.181.519.379 1.442.379.853 0 1.339-.235 1.638-.54.315-.322.527-.827.617-1.553.117-.935-.037-1.395-.241-1.614Zm4.155-.297c-1.044-.116-1.488.091-1.681.297-.204.219-.359.679-.242 1.614.091.726.303 1.231.618 1.553.299.305.784.54 1.638.54.922 0 1.28-.198 1.442-.379.179-.2.308-.578.308-1.371 0-.765-.123-1.242-.37-1.554-.233-.296-.693-.587-1.713-.7Z"></path><path d="M6.25 9.037a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v1.501a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0V9.787a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75Zm4.25.75v1.501a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0V9.787a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>

<template id="copilot-error-icon">
  <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-copilot-error">
    <path d="M16 11.24c0 .112-.072.274-.21.467L13 9.688V7.862l-.023-.116c-.49.21-1.075.291-1.727.291-.198 0-.388-.009-.571-.029L6.833 5.226a4.01 4.01 0 0 0 .17-.782c.117-.935-.037-1.395-.241-1.614-.193-.206-.637-.413-1.682-.297-.683.076-1.115.231-1.395.415l-1.257-.91c.579-.564 1.413-.877 2.485-.996 1.206-.134 2.262.034 2.944.765.05.053.096.108.139.165.044-.057.094-.112.143-.165.682-.731 1.738-.899 2.944-.765 1.23.137 2.145.528 2.724 1.261.566.715.693 1.614.693 2.484 0 .572-.053 1.148-.254 1.656.066.228.098.429.126.612.012.076.024.148.037.218.924.385 1.522 1.471 1.591 2.095Zm-5.083-8.707c-1.044-.116-1.488.091-1.681.297-.204.219-.359.679-.242 1.614.091.726.303 1.231.618 1.553.299.305.784.54 1.638.54.922 0 1.28-.198 1.442-.379.179-.2.308-.578.308-1.371 0-.765-.123-1.242-.37-1.554-.233-.296-.693-.587-1.713-.7Zm2.511 11.074c-1.393.776-3.272 1.428-5.43 1.428-4.562 0-7.873-2.914-7.998-3.749V9.338c.085-.628.677-1.686 1.588-2.065.013-.07.024-.143.036-.218.029-.183.06-.384.126-.612-.18-.455-.241-.963-.252-1.475L.31 4.107A.747.747 0 0 1 0 3.509V3.49a.748.748 0 0 1 .625-.73c.156-.026.306.047.435.139l14.667 10.578a.592.592 0 0 1 .227.264.752.752 0 0 1 .046.249v.022a.75.75 0 0 1-1.19.596Zm-1.367-.991L5.635 7.964a5.128 5.128 0 0 1-.889.073c-.652 0-1.236-.081-1.727-.291l-.023.116v4.255c.419.323 2.722 1.433 5.002 1.433 1.539 0 3.089-.505 4.063-.934Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>

<template id="workflow-icon">
  <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-workflow">
    <path d="M0 1.75C0 .784.784 0 1.75 0h3.5C6.216 0 7 .784 7 1.75v3.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 5.25 7H4v4a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h4v-1.25C9 9.784 9.784 9 10.75 9h3.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v3.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 16h-3.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 9 14.25v-.75H5A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 2.5 11V7h-.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 5.25Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v3.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h3.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-3.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Zm9 9a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v3.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h3.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-3.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>

<template id="book-icon">
  <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-book">
    <path d="M0 1.75A.75.75 0 0 1 .75 1h4.253c1.227 0 2.317.59 3 1.501A3.743 3.743 0 0 1 11.006 1h4.245a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v10.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.75.75h-4.507a2.25 2.25 0 0 0-1.591.659l-.622.621a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0l-.622-.621A2.25 2.25 0 0 0 5.258 13H.75a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75Zm7.251 10.324.004-5.073-.002-2.253A2.25 2.25 0 0 0 5.003 2.5H1.5v9h3.757a3.75 3.75 0 0 1 1.994.574ZM8.755 4.75l-.004 7.322a3.752 3.752 0 0 1 1.992-.572H14.5v-9h-3.495a2.25 2.25 0 0 0-2.25 2.25Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>

<template id="code-review-icon">
  <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-code-review">
    <path d="M1.75 1h12.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 13H8.061l-2.574 2.573A1.458 1.458 0 0 1 3 14.543V13H1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 11.25v-8.5C0 1.784.784 1 1.75 1ZM1.5 2.75v8.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v2.19l2.72-2.72a.749.749 0 0 1 .53-.22h6.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-8.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25H1.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25Zm5.28 1.72a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06L5.31 7l1.47 1.47a.751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018l-2-2a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06l2-2a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0Zm2.44 0a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l2 2a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-2 2a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L10.69 7 9.22 5.53a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>

<template id="codespaces-icon">
  <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-codespaces">
    <path d="M0 11.25c0-.966.784-1.75 1.75-1.75h12.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v3A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 16H1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 14.25Zm2-9.5C2 .784 2.784 0 3.75 0h8.5C13.216 0 14 .784 14 1.75v5a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.75 1.75h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 6.75Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Zm-2 9.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v3c0 .138.112.25.25.25h12.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-3a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z"></path><path d="M7 12.75a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h4.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-4.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75Zm-4 0a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>

<template id="comment-icon">
  <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-comment">
    <path d="M1 2.75C1 1.784 1.784 1 2.75 1h10.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 13.25 12H9.06l-2.573 2.573A1.458 1.458 0 0 1 4 13.543V12H2.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 1 10.25Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v2.19l2.72-2.72a.749.749 0 0 1 .53-.22h4.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>

<template id="comment-discussion-icon">
  <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-comment-discussion">
    <path d="M1.75 1h8.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v5.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 10.25 10H7.061l-2.574 2.573A1.458 1.458 0 0 1 2 11.543V10h-.25A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 8.25v-5.5C0 1.784.784 1 1.75 1ZM1.5 2.75v5.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h1a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v2.19l2.72-2.72a.749.749 0 0 1 .53-.22h3.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-5.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25h-8.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25Zm13 2a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25h-.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v5.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 12H14v1.543a1.458 1.458 0 0 1-2.487 1.03L9.22 12.28a.749.749 0 0 1 .326-1.275.749.749 0 0 1 .734.215l2.22 2.22v-2.19a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h1a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25Z"></path>
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</template>

<template id="organization-icon">
  <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-organization">
    <path d="M1.75 16A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 14.25V1.75C0 .784.784 0 1.75 0h8.5C11.216 0 12 .784 12 1.75v12.5c0 .085-.006.168-.018.25h2.268a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25V8.285a.25.25 0 0 0-.111-.208l-1.055-.703a.749.749 0 1 1 .832-1.248l1.055.703c.487.325.779.871.779 1.456v5.965A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 16h-3.5a.766.766 0 0 1-.197-.026c-.099.017-.2.026-.303.026h-3a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75V14h-1v1.25a.75.75 0 0 1-.75.75Zm-.25-1.75c0 .138.112.25.25.25H4v-1.25a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v1.25h2.25a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25V1.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25h-8.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25ZM3.75 6h.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5ZM3 3.75A.75.75 0 0 1 3.75 3h.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-.5A.75.75 0 0 1 3 3.75Zm4 3A.75.75 0 0 1 7.75 6h.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-.5A.75.75 0 0 1 7 6.75ZM7.75 3h.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5ZM3 9.75A.75.75 0 0 1 3.75 9h.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-.5A.75.75 0 0 1 3 9.75ZM7.75 9h.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>

<template id="rocket-icon">
  <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-rocket">
    <path d="M14.064 0h.186C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v.186a8.752 8.752 0 0 1-2.564 6.186l-.458.459c-.314.314-.641.616-.979.904v3.207c0 .608-.315 1.172-.833 1.49l-2.774 1.707a.749.749 0 0 1-1.11-.418l-.954-3.102a1.214 1.214 0 0 1-.145-.125L3.754 9.816a1.218 1.218 0 0 1-.124-.145L.528 8.717a.749.749 0 0 1-.418-1.11l1.71-2.774A1.748 1.748 0 0 1 3.31 4h3.204c.288-.338.59-.665.904-.979l.459-.458A8.749 8.749 0 0 1 14.064 0ZM8.938 3.623h-.002l-.458.458c-.76.76-1.437 1.598-2.02 2.5l-1.5 2.317 2.143 2.143 2.317-1.5c.902-.583 1.74-1.26 2.499-2.02l.459-.458a7.25 7.25 0 0 0 2.123-5.127V1.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25h-.186a7.249 7.249 0 0 0-5.125 2.123ZM3.56 14.56c-.732.732-2.334 1.045-3.005 1.148a.234.234 0 0 1-.201-.064.234.234 0 0 1-.064-.201c.103-.671.416-2.273 1.15-3.003a1.502 1.502 0 1 1 2.12 2.12Zm6.94-3.935c-.088.06-.177.118-.266.175l-2.35 1.521.548 1.783 1.949-1.2a.25.25 0 0 0 .119-.213ZM3.678 8.116 5.2 5.766c.058-.09.117-.178.176-.266H3.309a.25.25 0 0 0-.213.119l-1.2 1.95ZM12 5a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>

<template id="shield-check-icon">
  <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-shield-check">
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<template id="package-icon">
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<template id="play-icon">
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<template id="code-square-icon">
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        <div class="position-relative">
                <ul
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                  class="ActionListWrap QueryBuilder-ListWrap"
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<dialog-helper>
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          <div data-target="custom-scopes.customScopesModalDialogFlash"></div>

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                type="text"
                name="custom_scope_name"
                id="custom_scope_name"
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                class="form-control"
                autocomplete="off"
                placeholder="github-ruby"
                required
                maxlength="50">
              <input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" value="r0d6pa+iSY66SJqhLVKvykvn/6EOMNJKWfHupm8dbQ5Ch7dU98Ykonmqc7VAR9QzGBBRxJsqS1t1uOj5+Za9DA==" />
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          <div class="form-group">
            <label for="custom_scope_query">Query</label>
            <input
              type="text"
              name="custom_scope_query"
              id="custom_scope_query"
              data-target="custom-scopes.customScopesQueryField"
              class="form-control"
              autocomplete="off"
              placeholder="(repo:mona/a OR repo:mona/b) AND lang:python"
              required
              maxlength="500">
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          <p class="text-small color-fg-muted">
            To see all available qualifiers, see our <a class="Link--inTextBlock" href="https://docs.github.com/search-github/github-code-search/understanding-github-code-search-syntax">documentation</a>.
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                style="margin-left: 12px;"
                data-hydro-click="{&quot;event_type&quot;:&quot;authentication.click&quot;,&quot;payload&quot;:{&quot;location_in_page&quot;:&quot;site header menu&quot;,&quot;repository_id&quot;:null,&quot;auth_type&quot;:&quot;SIGN_UP&quot;,&quot;originating_url&quot;:&quot;https://github.com/cplusplus/draft/issues/2310&quot;,&quot;user_id&quot;:null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="796e9a9c5e73bb8316d24e3fc59073ced28b46661d3ee28b501102fce54b620e"
                data-analytics-event="{&quot;category&quot;:&quot;Marketing nav&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;click to go to homepage&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;ref_page:Marketing;ref_cta:Sign in;ref_loc:Header&quot;}"
              >
                Sign in
              </a>
            </div>

              <a href="/signup?ref_cta=Sign+up&amp;ref_loc=header+logged+out&amp;ref_page=%2F%3Cuser-name%3E%2F%3Crepo-name%3E%2Fvoltron%2Fissues_fragments%2Fissue_layout&amp;source=header-repo&amp;source_repo=cplusplus%2Fdraft"
                class="HeaderMenu-link HeaderMenu-link--sign-up HeaderMenu-button flex-shrink-0 d-flex d-lg-inline-flex no-underline border color-border-default rounded px-2 py-1"
                data-hydro-click="{&quot;event_type&quot;:&quot;authentication.click&quot;,&quot;payload&quot;:{&quot;location_in_page&quot;:&quot;site header menu&quot;,&quot;repository_id&quot;:null,&quot;auth_type&quot;:&quot;SIGN_UP&quot;,&quot;originating_url&quot;:&quot;https://github.com/cplusplus/draft/issues/2310&quot;,&quot;user_id&quot;:null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="796e9a9c5e73bb8316d24e3fc59073ced28b46661d3ee28b501102fce54b620e"
                data-analytics-event="{&quot;category&quot;:&quot;Sign up&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;click to sign up for account&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;ref_page:/&lt;user-name&gt;/&lt;repo-name&gt;/voltron/issues_fragments/issue_layout;ref_cta:Sign up;ref_loc:header logged out&quot;}"
              >
                Sign up
              </a>

                <div class="AppHeader-appearanceSettings">
    <react-partial-anchor>
      <button data-target="react-partial-anchor.anchor" id="icon-button-bd3c3115-735e-4ce8-911b-9da8e2e0b925" aria-labelledby="tooltip-a699e8f6-4b02-48ec-b8aa-395be59a639c" type="button" disabled="disabled" data-view-component="true" class="Button Button--iconOnly Button--invisible Button--medium AppHeader-button HeaderMenu-link border cursor-wait">  <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-sliders Button-visual">
    <path d="M15 2.75a.75.75 0 0 1-.75.75h-4a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h4a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75Zm-8.5.75v1.25a.75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0v-4a.75.75 0 0 0-1.5 0V2H1.75a.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5H6.5Zm1.25 5.25a.75.75 0 0 0 0-1.5h-6a.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5h6ZM15 8a.75.75 0 0 1-.75.75H11.5V10a.75.75 0 1 1-1.5 0V6a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v1.25h2.75A.75.75 0 0 1 15 8Zm-9 5.25v-2a.75.75 0 0 0-1.5 0v1.25H1.75a.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5H4.5v1.25a.75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0v-2Zm9 0a.75.75 0 0 1-.75.75h-6a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h6a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75Z"></path>
</svg>
</button><tool-tip id="tooltip-a699e8f6-4b02-48ec-b8aa-395be59a639c" for="icon-button-bd3c3115-735e-4ce8-911b-9da8e2e0b925" popover="manual" data-direction="s" data-type="label" data-view-component="true" class="sr-only position-absolute">Appearance settings</tool-tip>

      <template data-target="react-partial-anchor.template">
        <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/appearance-settings.6c63a6de228d6520804d.module.css" />

<react-partial
  partial-name="appearance-settings"
  data-ssr="false"
  data-attempted-ssr="false"
  data-react-profiling="true"
>
  
  <script type="application/json" data-target="react-partial.embeddedData">{"props":{}}</script>
  <div data-target="react-partial.reactRoot"></div>
</react-partial>


      </template>
    </react-partial-anchor>
  </div>

          <button type="button" class="sr-only js-header-menu-focus-trap d-block d-lg-none">Resetting focus</button>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
</header>

      <div hidden="hidden" data-view-component="true" class="js-stale-session-flash stale-session-flash flash flash-warn flash-full">
  
        <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert">
    <path d="M6.457 1.047c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.543-2.575Zm1.763.707a.25.25 0 0 0-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 0 0 .22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 0 0 .22-.368Zm.53 3.996v2.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0v-2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0ZM9 11a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0Z"></path>
</svg>
        <span class="js-stale-session-flash-signed-in" hidden>You signed in with another tab or window. <a class="Link--inTextBlock" href="">Reload</a> to refresh your session.</span>
        <span class="js-stale-session-flash-signed-out" hidden>You signed out in another tab or window. <a class="Link--inTextBlock" href="">Reload</a> to refresh your session.</span>
        <span class="js-stale-session-flash-switched" hidden>You switched accounts on another tab or window. <a class="Link--inTextBlock" href="">Reload</a> to refresh your session.</span>

    <button id="icon-button-4d145639-4a9c-4b74-822d-7f2abb69a9bd" aria-labelledby="tooltip-b5f89002-04eb-49e0-a585-5e6e304c7529" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="Button Button--iconOnly Button--invisible Button--medium flash-close js-flash-close">  <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x Button-visual">
    <path d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.749.749 0 0 1 1.275.326.749.749 0 0 1-.215.734L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path>
</svg>
</button><tool-tip id="tooltip-b5f89002-04eb-49e0-a585-5e6e304c7529" for="icon-button-4d145639-4a9c-4b74-822d-7f2abb69a9bd" popover="manual" data-direction="s" data-type="label" data-view-component="true" class="sr-only position-absolute">Dismiss alert</tool-tip>


  
</div>
    </div>

  <div id="start-of-content" class="show-on-focus"></div>








    <div id="js-flash-container" class="flash-container" data-turbo-replace>




  <template class="js-flash-template">
    
<div class="flash flash-full   {{ className }}">
  <div >
    <button autofocus class="flash-close js-flash-close" type="button" aria-label="Dismiss this message">
      <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x">
    <path d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.749.749 0 0 1 1.275.326.749.749 0 0 1-.215.734L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path>
</svg>
    </button>
    <div aria-atomic="true" role="alert" class="js-flash-alert">
      
      <div>{{ message }}</div>

    </div>
  </div>
</div>
  </template>
</div>


    






  <div
    class="application-main "
    data-commit-hovercards-enabled
    data-discussion-hovercards-enabled
    data-issue-and-pr-hovercards-enabled
    data-project-hovercards-enabled
  >
        <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/SoftwareSourceCode" class="">
    <main id="js-repo-pjax-container" >
      
      
    

    






  
  <div id="repository-container-header"  class="pt-3 hide-full-screen" style="background-color: var(--page-header-bgColor, var(--color-page-header-bg));" data-turbo-replace>

      <div class="d-flex flex-nowrap flex-justify-end mb-3  px-3 px-lg-5" style="gap: 1rem;">

        <div class="flex-auto min-width-0 width-fit">
            
  <div class=" d-flex flex-wrap flex-items-center wb-break-word f3 text-normal">
      <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo color-fg-muted mr-2">
    <path d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 4.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 0 0-.714 1.7.75.75 0 1 1-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 0 1 2 11.5Zm10.5-1h-8a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v6.708A2.486 2.486 0 0 1 4.5 9h8ZM5 12.25a.25.25 0 0 1 .25-.25h3.5a.25.25 0 0 1 .25.25v3.25a.25.25 0 0 1-.4.2l-1.45-1.087a.249.249 0 0 0-.3 0L5.4 15.7a.25.25 0 0 1-.4-.2Z"></path>
</svg>
    
    <span class="author flex-self-stretch" itemprop="author">
      <a class="url fn" rel="author" data-hovercard-type="organization" data-hovercard-url="/orgs/cplusplus/hovercard" data-octo-click="hovercard-link-click" data-octo-dimensions="link_type:self" href="/cplusplus">
        cplusplus
</a>    </span>
    <span class="mx-1 flex-self-stretch color-fg-muted">/</span>
    <strong itemprop="name" class="mr-2 flex-self-stretch">
      <a data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container" data-turbo-frame="repo-content-turbo-frame" href="/cplusplus/draft">draft</a>
    </strong>

    <span></span><span class="Label Label--secondary v-align-middle mr-1">Public</span>
  </div>


        </div>

        <div id="repository-details-container" class="flex-shrink-0" data-turbo-replace style="max-width: 70%;">
            <ul class="pagehead-actions flex-shrink-0 d-none d-md-inline" style="padding: 2px 0;">
    
      

  <li>
            <a href="/login?return_to=%2Fcplusplus%2Fdraft" rel="nofollow" id="repository-details-watch-button" data-hydro-click="{&quot;event_type&quot;:&quot;authentication.click&quot;,&quot;payload&quot;:{&quot;location_in_page&quot;:&quot;notification subscription menu watch&quot;,&quot;repository_id&quot;:null,&quot;auth_type&quot;:&quot;LOG_IN&quot;,&quot;originating_url&quot;:&quot;https://github.com/cplusplus/draft/issues/2310&quot;,&quot;user_id&quot;:null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="0db13892792e27e2aa7db4e62185e4da5c571e593040bf88e5435983cb638325" aria-label="You must be signed in to change notification settings" data-view-component="true" class="btn-sm btn">    <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-bell mr-2">
    <path d="M8 16a2 2 0 0 0 1.985-1.75c.017-.137-.097-.25-.235-.25h-3.5c-.138 0-.252.113-.235.25A2 2 0 0 0 8 16ZM3 5a5 5 0 0 1 10 0v2.947c0 .05.015.098.042.139l1.703 2.555A1.519 1.519 0 0 1 13.482 13H2.518a1.516 1.516 0 0 1-1.263-2.36l1.703-2.554A.255.255 0 0 0 3 7.947Zm5-3.5A3.5 3.5 0 0 0 4.5 5v2.947c0 .346-.102.683-.294.97l-1.703 2.556a.017.017 0 0 0-.003.01l.001.006c0 .002.002.004.004.006l.006.004.007.001h10.964l.007-.001.006-.004.004-.006.001-.007a.017.017 0 0 0-.003-.01l-1.703-2.554a1.745 1.745 0 0 1-.294-.97V5A3.5 3.5 0 0 0 8 1.5Z"></path>
</svg>Notifications
</a>    <tool-tip id="tooltip-03bff9bb-2961-47e9-917e-130ddf311acc" for="repository-details-watch-button" popover="manual" data-direction="s" data-type="description" data-view-component="true" class="sr-only position-absolute">You must be signed in to change notification settings</tool-tip>

  </li>

  <li>
          <a icon="repo-forked" id="fork-button" href="/login?return_to=%2Fcplusplus%2Fdraft" rel="nofollow" data-hydro-click="{&quot;event_type&quot;:&quot;authentication.click&quot;,&quot;payload&quot;:{&quot;location_in_page&quot;:&quot;repo details fork button&quot;,&quot;repository_id&quot;:2216249,&quot;auth_type&quot;:&quot;LOG_IN&quot;,&quot;originating_url&quot;:&quot;https://github.com/cplusplus/draft/issues/2310&quot;,&quot;user_id&quot;:null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="a9177dcac699cf55373503eb6e209a74d048bacae31f1f0d9ccd35188a3926f2" data-view-component="true" class="btn-sm btn">    <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo-forked mr-2">
    <path d="M5 5.372v.878c0 .414.336.75.75.75h4.5a.75.75 0 0 0 .75-.75v-.878a2.25 2.25 0 1 1 1.5 0v.878a2.25 2.25 0 0 1-2.25 2.25h-1.5v2.128a2.251 2.251 0 1 1-1.5 0V8.5h-1.5A2.25 2.25 0 0 1 3.5 6.25v-.878a2.25 2.25 0 1 1 1.5 0ZM5 3.25a.75.75 0 1 0-1.5 0 .75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0Zm6.75.75a.75.75 0 1 0 0-1.5.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5Zm-3 8.75a.75.75 0 1 0-1.5 0 .75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0Z"></path>
</svg>Fork
    <span id="repo-network-counter" data-pjax-replace="true" data-turbo-replace="true" title="793" data-view-component="true" class="Counter">793</span>
</a>
  </li>

  <li>
        <div data-view-component="true" class="BtnGroup d-flex">
        <a href="/login?return_to=%2Fcplusplus%2Fdraft" rel="nofollow" data-hydro-click="{&quot;event_type&quot;:&quot;authentication.click&quot;,&quot;payload&quot;:{&quot;location_in_page&quot;:&quot;star button&quot;,&quot;repository_id&quot;:2216249,&quot;auth_type&quot;:&quot;LOG_IN&quot;,&quot;originating_url&quot;:&quot;https://github.com/cplusplus/draft/issues/2310&quot;,&quot;user_id&quot;:null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="8f510c43f776050a7adcc054886aea37358cc50b369348db99eacae8b10ff89b" aria-label="You must be signed in to star a repository" data-view-component="true" class="tooltipped tooltipped-sw btn-sm btn">    <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-star v-align-text-bottom d-inline-block mr-2">
    <path d="M8 .25a.75.75 0 0 1 .673.418l1.882 3.815 4.21.612a.75.75 0 0 1 .416 1.279l-3.046 2.97.719 4.192a.751.751 0 0 1-1.088.791L8 12.347l-3.766 1.98a.75.75 0 0 1-1.088-.79l.72-4.194L.818 6.374a.75.75 0 0 1 .416-1.28l4.21-.611L7.327.668A.75.75 0 0 1 8 .25Zm0 2.445L6.615 5.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.564.41l-3.097.45 2.24 2.184a.75.75 0 0 1 .216.664l-.528 3.084 2.769-1.456a.75.75 0 0 1 .698 0l2.77 1.456-.53-3.084a.75.75 0 0 1 .216-.664l2.24-2.183-3.096-.45a.75.75 0 0 1-.564-.41L8 2.694Z"></path>
</svg><span data-view-component="true" class="d-inline">
          Star
</span>          <span id="repo-stars-counter-star" aria-label="5938 users starred this repository" data-singular-suffix="user starred this repository" data-plural-suffix="users starred this repository" data-turbo-replace="true" title="5,938" data-view-component="true" class="Counter js-social-count">5.9k</span>
</a></div>
  </li>

</ul>

        </div>
      </div>

        <div id="responsive-meta-container" data-turbo-replace>
</div>


          <nav data-pjax="#js-repo-pjax-container" aria-label="Repository" data-view-component="true" class="js-repo-nav js-sidenav-container-pjax js-responsive-underlinenav overflow-hidden UnderlineNav px-3 px-md-4 px-lg-5">

  <ul data-view-component="true" class="UnderlineNav-body list-style-none">
      <li data-view-component="true" class="d-inline-flex">
  <a id="code-tab" href="/cplusplus/draft" data-tab-item="i0code-tab" data-selected-links="repo_source repo_downloads repo_commits repo_releases repo_tags repo_branches repo_packages repo_deployments repo_attestations /cplusplus/draft" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container" data-turbo-frame="repo-content-turbo-frame" data-hotkey="g c" data-analytics-event="{&quot;category&quot;:&quot;Underline navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;Click tab&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;Code&quot;,&quot;target&quot;:&quot;UNDERLINE_NAV.TAB&quot;}" data-view-component="true" class="UnderlineNav-item no-wrap js-responsive-underlinenav-item js-selected-navigation-item">
    
              <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-code UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline">
    <path d="m11.28 3.22 4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.275-.326.749.749 0 0 1 .215-.734L13.94 8l-3.72-3.72a.749.749 0 0 1 .326-1.275.749.749 0 0 1 .734.215Zm-6.56 0a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042L2.06 8l3.72 3.72a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215L.47 8.53a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path>
</svg>
        <span data-content="Code">Code</span>
          <span id="code-repo-tab-count" data-pjax-replace="" data-turbo-replace="" title="Not available" data-view-component="true" class="Counter"></span>


    
</a></li>
      <li data-view-component="true" class="d-inline-flex">
  <a id="issues-tab" href="/cplusplus/draft/issues" data-tab-item="i1issues-tab" data-selected-links="repo_issues repo_labels repo_milestones /cplusplus/draft/issues" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container" data-turbo-frame="repo-content-turbo-frame" data-hotkey="g i" data-analytics-event="{&quot;category&quot;:&quot;Underline navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;Click tab&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;Issues&quot;,&quot;target&quot;:&quot;UNDERLINE_NAV.TAB&quot;}" aria-current="page" data-view-component="true" class="UnderlineNav-item no-wrap js-responsive-underlinenav-item js-selected-navigation-item selected">
    
              <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-issue-opened UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline">
    <path d="M8 9.5a1.5 1.5 0 1 0 0-3 1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 3Z"></path><path d="M8 0a8 8 0 1 1 0 16A8 8 0 0 1 8 0ZM1.5 8a6.5 6.5 0 1 0 13 0 6.5 6.5 0 0 0-13 0Z"></path>
</svg>
        <span data-content="Issues">Issues</span>
          <span id="issues-repo-tab-count" data-pjax-replace="" data-turbo-replace="" title="685" data-view-component="true" class="Counter">685</span>


    
</a></li>
      <li data-view-component="true" class="d-inline-flex">
  <a id="pull-requests-tab" href="/cplusplus/draft/pulls" data-tab-item="i2pull-requests-tab" data-selected-links="repo_pulls checks /cplusplus/draft/pulls" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container" data-turbo-frame="repo-content-turbo-frame" data-hotkey="g p" data-analytics-event="{&quot;category&quot;:&quot;Underline navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;Click tab&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;Pull requests&quot;,&quot;target&quot;:&quot;UNDERLINE_NAV.TAB&quot;}" data-view-component="true" class="UnderlineNav-item no-wrap js-responsive-underlinenav-item js-selected-navigation-item">
    
              <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-git-pull-request UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline">
    <path d="M1.5 3.25a2.25 2.25 0 1 1 3 2.122v5.256a2.251 2.251 0 1 1-1.5 0V5.372A2.25 2.25 0 0 1 1.5 3.25Zm5.677-.177L9.573.677A.25.25 0 0 1 10 .854V2.5h1A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 13.5 5v5.628a2.251 2.251 0 1 1-1.5 0V5a1 1 0 0 0-1-1h-1v1.646a.25.25 0 0 1-.427.177L7.177 3.427a.25.25 0 0 1 0-.354ZM3.75 2.5a.75.75 0 1 0 0 1.5.75.75 0 0 0 0-1.5Zm0 9.5a.75.75 0 1 0 0 1.5.75.75 0 0 0 0-1.5Zm8.25.75a.75.75 0 1 0 1.5 0 .75.75 0 0 0-1.5 0Z"></path>
</svg>
        <span data-content="Pull requests">Pull requests</span>
          <span id="pull-requests-repo-tab-count" data-pjax-replace="" data-turbo-replace="" title="298" data-view-component="true" class="Counter">298</span>


    
</a></li>
      <li data-view-component="true" class="d-inline-flex">
  <a id="actions-tab" href="/cplusplus/draft/actions" data-tab-item="i3actions-tab" data-selected-links="repo_actions /cplusplus/draft/actions" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container" data-turbo-frame="repo-content-turbo-frame" data-hotkey="g a" data-analytics-event="{&quot;category&quot;:&quot;Underline navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;Click tab&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;Actions&quot;,&quot;target&quot;:&quot;UNDERLINE_NAV.TAB&quot;}" data-view-component="true" class="UnderlineNav-item no-wrap js-responsive-underlinenav-item js-selected-navigation-item">
    
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Most uses of the term seem to use it in that way.\r\n\u003e\r\n\u003e However, there are some uses that clearly intend to take the transitive\r\nclosure:\r\n\u003e * [basic.stc.dynamic.safety]/2.2 intends to allow transitive subobjects\r\n(but should probably allow all objects nested within the original object)\r\n\u003e * [basic.types]/3's example says \"subobject\" but presumably means\r\nsomething more general\r\n\u003e * [basic.type.qualifier]/1.1, /1.2, /1.3 have ambiguous antecedents and\r\ncould be reworded to make it clearer that they are transitive (\"of such an\r\nobject\" -\u003e \"of a const object\").\r\n\u003e * [basic.start.static]/2 intends to allow transitive subobjects\r\n\u003e * [conv.ptr]/3 intends to allow anything in the transitive closure of\r\n\"base class subobject of\".\r\n\u003e ... and so on. (I'm sure you can find more.)\r\n\u003e\r\n\u003e Feel like filing an editorial issue? We should aim to use the term\r\nconsistently.\r\n\r\nFrom me:\r\n[except.ctor]/3:\r\nIf the initialization or destruction of an object other than by delegating constructor is terminated by an exception, the destructor is invoked for each of the object's direct subobjects…\r\n(Implies that subobjects can be indirect) \r\n\r\nIf the 'direct subobjects' here are '(immediate) base class subobjects' and 'member subobjects', what does it mean for members of an array type? How can a destructor be invoked for them? (**Should I create another issue for this?**)","author":{"url":"https://github.com/languagelawyer","@type":"Person","name":"languagelawyer"},"datePublished":"2018-08-29T00:42:51.000Z","interactionStatistic":{"@type":"InteractionCounter","interactionType":"https://schema.org/CommentAction","userInteractionCount":4},"url":"https://github.com/2310/draft/issues/2310"},"preloadedQueries":[{"queryId":"cee21fcf82c877ad153a2db35b36eb94","queryName":"IssueViewerViewQuery","variables":{"count":15,"id":"repository","number":2310,"owner":"cplusplus","repo":"draft"},"result":{"data":{"repository":{"isOwnerEnterpriseManaged":false,"issue":{"id":"MDU6SXNzdWUzNTQ5NTMzOTg=","updatedAt":"2019-01-29T18:38:34Z","title":"[intro.object]: the term \"subobject\" should consistently be either transitive or intransitive","number":2310,"repository":{"nameWithOwner":"cplusplus/draft","id":"MDEwOlJlcG9zaXRvcnkyMjE2MjQ5","name":"draft","owner":{"__typename":"Organization","login":"cplusplus","id":"MDEyOk9yZ2FuaXphdGlvbjU5Mjc2","url":"https://github.com/cplusplus","databaseId":59276},"isArchived":false,"isPrivate":false,"databaseId":2216249,"slashCommandsEnabled":false,"visibility":"PUBLIC","viewerCanPush":false,"viewerCanInteract":false,"viewerInteractionLimitReasonHTML":"","planFeatures":{"maximumAssignees":10},"isCopilotAgentEnabled":null,"pinnedIssues":{"totalCount":0},"viewerCanPinIssues":false,"viewerIssueCreationPermissions":{"triageable":false},"issueTypes":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"IT_kwDN54zOAAFvmw"}},{"node":{"id":"IT_kwDN54zOAAFvnQ"}},{"node":{"id":"IT_kwDN54zOAAFvog"}}]}},"titleHTML":"[intro.object]: the term \"subobject\" should consistently be either transitive or intransitive","url":"https://github.com/cplusplus/draft/issues/2310","viewerCanUpdateNext":false,"issueType":null,"state":"OPEN","stateReason":null,"duplicateOf":null,"linkedPullRequests":{"nodes":[]},"subIssuesSummary":{"total":0,"completed":0},"__isLabelable":"Issue","labels":{"edges":[],"pageInfo":{"endCursor":null,"hasNextPage":false}},"__isNode":"Issue","assignedActors":{"nodes":[]},"milestone":null,"databaseId":354953398,"viewerDidAuthor":false,"locked":false,"author":{"__typename":"User","__isActor":"User","login":"languagelawyer","id":"MDQ6VXNlcjM4NTQ4NDE5","profileUrl":"https://github.com/languagelawyer","avatarUrl":"https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/38548419?v=4"},"__isComment":"Issue","body":"**Also, the term \"direct subobject\" should be defined and/or [except.ctor]/3 should be fixed.**\r\n\r\nRichard Smith's answer to 'Is \"subobject\" a transitive relation?':\r\n\u003e I think it depends on the context of the use, sadly. Strictly, subobject is\r\nnot transitive, and an object is only a subobject in at most one way (it\r\ncannot be both an array element and a base class subobject, for instance),\r\nnotwithstanding that a virtual base class subobject can be a subobject of\r\nmultiple objects at once. Most uses of the term seem to use it in that way.\r\n\u003e\r\n\u003e However, there are some uses that clearly intend to take the transitive\r\nclosure:\r\n\u003e * [basic.stc.dynamic.safety]/2.2 intends to allow transitive subobjects\r\n(but should probably allow all objects nested within the original object)\r\n\u003e * [basic.types]/3's example says \"subobject\" but presumably means\r\nsomething more general\r\n\u003e * [basic.type.qualifier]/1.1, /1.2, /1.3 have ambiguous antecedents and\r\ncould be reworded to make it clearer that they are transitive (\"of such an\r\nobject\" -\u003e \"of a const object\").\r\n\u003e * [basic.start.static]/2 intends to allow transitive subobjects\r\n\u003e * [conv.ptr]/3 intends to allow anything in the transitive closure of\r\n\"base class subobject of\".\r\n\u003e ... and so on. (I'm sure you can find more.)\r\n\u003e\r\n\u003e Feel like filing an editorial issue? We should aim to use the term\r\nconsistently.\r\n\r\nFrom me:\r\n[except.ctor]/3:\r\nIf the initialization or destruction of an object other than by delegating constructor is terminated by an exception, the destructor is invoked for each of the object's direct subobjects…\r\n(Implies that subobjects can be indirect) \r\n\r\nIf the 'direct subobjects' here are '(immediate) base class subobjects' and 'member subobjects', what does it mean for members of an array type? How can a destructor be invoked for them? (**Should I create another issue for this?**)","bodyHTML":"\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlso, the term \"direct subobject\" should be defined and/or [except.ctor]/3 should be fixed.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eRichard Smith's answer to 'Is \"subobject\" a transitive relation?':\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eI think it depends on the context of the use, sadly. Strictly, subobject is\u003cbr\u003e\nnot transitive, and an object is only a subobject in at most one way (it\u003cbr\u003e\ncannot be both an array element and a base class subobject, for instance),\u003cbr\u003e\nnotwithstanding that a virtual base class subobject can be a subobject of\u003cbr\u003e\nmultiple objects at once. Most uses of the term seem to use it in that way.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eHowever, there are some uses that clearly intend to take the transitive\u003cbr\u003e\nclosure:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e[basic.stc.dynamic.safety]/2.2 intends to allow transitive subobjects\u003cbr\u003e\n(but should probably allow all objects nested within the original object)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e[basic.types]/3's example says \"subobject\" but presumably means\u003cbr\u003e\nsomething more general\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e[basic.type.qualifier]/1.1, /1.2, /1.3 have ambiguous antecedents and\u003cbr\u003e\ncould be reworded to make it clearer that they are transitive (\"of such an\u003cbr\u003e\nobject\" -\u0026gt; \"of a const object\").\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e[basic.start.static]/2 intends to allow transitive subobjects\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e[conv.ptr]/3 intends to allow anything in the transitive closure of\u003cbr\u003e\n\"base class subobject of\".\u003cbr\u003e\n... and so on. (I'm sure you can find more.)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eFeel like filing an editorial issue? We should aim to use the term\u003cbr\u003e\nconsistently.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eFrom me:\u003cbr\u003e\n[except.ctor]/3:\u003cbr\u003e\nIf the initialization or destruction of an object other than by delegating constructor is terminated by an exception, the destructor is invoked for each of the object's direct subobjects…\u003cbr\u003e\n(Implies that subobjects can be indirect)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIf the 'direct subobjects' here are '(immediate) base class subobjects' and 'member subobjects', what does it mean for members of an array type? How can a destructor be invoked for them? (\u003cstrong\u003eShould I create another issue for this?\u003c/strong\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e","bodyVersion":"2939657028f8473ff7d778fb4a68aba7fe9794979feb63e0e7fdfb626afbf3de","createdAt":"2018-08-29T00:42:51Z","__isReactable":"Issue","reactionGroups":[{"content":"THUMBS_UP","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":1,"nodes":[{"__typename":"User","login":"frederick-vs-ja","__isNode":"User","id":"MDQ6VXNlcjIzMjI4OTg5"}]}},{"content":"THUMBS_DOWN","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"LAUGH","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"HOORAY","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"CONFUSED","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"HEART","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"ROCKET","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"EYES","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}}],"viewerCanUpdateMetadata":false,"viewerCanComment":false,"viewerCanAssign":false,"viewerCanLabel":false,"__isIssueOrPullRequest":"Issue","projectItemsNext":{"edges":[],"pageInfo":{"endCursor":null,"hasNextPage":false}},"viewerCanSetMilestone":false,"isPinned":false,"viewerCanDelete":false,"viewerCanTransfer":false,"viewerCanConvertToDiscussion":false,"viewerCanLock":false,"viewerCanType":false,"viewerCanSetFields":false,"issueFieldValues":{"nodes":[]},"frontTimelineItems":{"pageInfo":{"hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":"Y3Vyc29yOnYyOpPPAAABgsDWksACqjEyMDgxNjMyNjA="},"totalCount":10,"edges":[{"node":{"__typename":"RenamedTitleEvent","__isIssueTimelineItems":"RenamedTitleEvent","__isTimelineEvent":"RenamedTitleEvent","databaseId":1814551228,"createdAt":"2018-08-29T02:23:34Z","actor":{"__typename":"User","login":"zygoloid","id":"MDQ6VXNlcjIzMjc4Mw==","__isActor":"User","avatarUrl":"https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/232783?s=64\u0026v=4","profileResourcePath":"/zygoloid"},"currentTitle":"[intro.object]: the term \"subobject\" should consistently be either transitive or intransitive","previousTitle":"[intro.object]: the \"subobject\" term should be transitive","__isNode":"RenamedTitleEvent","id":"MDE3OlJlbmFtZWRUaXRsZUV2ZW50MTgxNDU1MTIyOA=="},"cursor":"Y3Vyc29yOnYyOpPPAAABZYN-QHABqjE4MTQ1NTEyMjg="},{"node":{"__typename":"IssueComment","__isIssueTimelineItems":"IssueComment","databaseId":418517864,"viewerDidAuthor":false,"issue":{"author":{"__typename":"User","login":"languagelawyer","id":"MDQ6VXNlcjM4NTQ4NDE5"},"id":"MDU6SXNzdWUzNTQ5NTMzOTg=","number":2310,"locked":false,"databaseId":354953398},"author":{"__typename":"User","login":"jensmaurer","avatarUrl":"https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/23412755?v=4","profileUrl":"https://github.com/jensmaurer","id":"MDQ6VXNlcjIzNDEyNzU1"},"id":"MDEyOklzc3VlQ29tbWVudDQxODUxNzg2NA==","body":"Before we go on a voyage to fix the wording, we need a good phrasing for the various cases.\r\nIt seems that [intro.object] p2 is pretty unambiguous that its definition of \"subobject\" is non-transitive.\r\nThere is some low-hanging fruit here that just requires minor tweaks (e.g. [basic.type.qualifier] p1 bullets).\r\n\r\nOne nasty sub-case is [except.ctor] p3 and [class.copy.ctor] p10.3 (and similar places like that). The trouble here is that subobjects in the class case means base classes and non-static data members. But if a non-static data member is an array, we're not actually interested in the array type, but in the element type to figure out e.g. recursive constructor calls. And we sometimes get that right (\"or array thereof\" in [class.copy.ctor] p10.1) and sometimes we don't (p10.3 missing array element types). The suggestion here is to change the definition of \"potentially constructed subobject\" to include \"array element type\" (we only need the term to inspect the type's properties, not to actually perform the initialization). Yes, that would mean a \"potentially constructed subobject\" might include some transitivity that a \"subobject\" doesn't have. But an object pointer type isn't a pointer to object type, either.\r\n@zygoloid, I need your buy-in for that approach before investing time in the actual edits.\r\n\r\nFor most of the other cases, I'd suggest to say \"(possibly indirect) subobject\" to highlight the transitivity. Is that good enough, or do we need a formal definition? Is \"transitive subobject\" any better? \"nested within\" is taken for something related, but different, regrettably.\r\n\r\nAll phrasings with \"direct subobject\" should drop the \"direct\" as redundant. I'd also favor cross-referencing [intro.object] in places where we mention \"subobject\" (and that have been QA'd as being correctly non-transitive).","bodyHTML":"\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eBefore we go on a voyage to fix the wording, we need a good phrasing for the various cases.\u003cbr\u003e\nIt seems that [intro.object] p2 is pretty unambiguous that its definition of \"subobject\" is non-transitive.\u003cbr\u003e\nThere is some low-hanging fruit here that just requires minor tweaks (e.g. [basic.type.qualifier] p1 bullets).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eOne nasty sub-case is [except.ctor] p3 and [class.copy.ctor] p10.3 (and similar places like that). The trouble here is that subobjects in the class case means base classes and non-static data members. But if a non-static data member is an array, we're not actually interested in the array type, but in the element type to figure out e.g. recursive constructor calls. And we sometimes get that right (\"or array thereof\" in [class.copy.ctor] p10.1) and sometimes we don't (p10.3 missing array element types). The suggestion here is to change the definition of \"potentially constructed subobject\" to include \"array element type\" (we only need the term to inspect the type's properties, not to actually perform the initialization). Yes, that would mean a \"potentially constructed subobject\" might include some transitivity that a \"subobject\" doesn't have. But an object pointer type isn't a pointer to object type, either.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"user-mention notranslate\" data-hovercard-type=\"user\" data-hovercard-url=\"/users/zygoloid/hovercard\" data-octo-click=\"hovercard-link-click\" data-octo-dimensions=\"link_type:self\" href=\"https://github.com/zygoloid\"\u003e@zygoloid\u003c/a\u003e, I need your buy-in for that approach before investing time in the actual edits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eFor most of the other cases, I'd suggest to say \"(possibly indirect) subobject\" to highlight the transitivity. Is that good enough, or do we need a formal definition? Is \"transitive subobject\" any better? \"nested within\" is taken for something related, but different, regrettably.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAll phrasings with \"direct subobject\" should drop the \"direct\" as redundant. I'd also favor cross-referencing [intro.object] in places where we mention \"subobject\" (and that have been QA'd as being correctly non-transitive).\u003c/p\u003e","bodyVersion":"c02a4c3aa3e4729ee79721a8ba1e9e4cd8f48a9196b0825bc0f098e5b26620e5","viewerCanUpdate":false,"url":"https://github.com/cplusplus/draft/issues/2310#issuecomment-418517864","createdAt":"2018-09-04T21:06:07Z","authorAssociation":"MEMBER","viewerCanDelete":false,"viewerCanMinimize":false,"viewerCanUnminimize":false,"viewerCanReport":false,"viewerCanReportToMaintainer":false,"viewerCanBlockFromOrg":false,"viewerCanUnblockFromOrg":false,"viaApp":null,"isHidden":false,"minimizedReason":null,"showSpammyBadge":false,"createdViaEmail":false,"authorToRepoOwnerSponsorship":null,"repository":{"id":"MDEwOlJlcG9zaXRvcnkyMjE2MjQ5","name":"draft","owner":{"__typename":"Organization","id":"MDEyOk9yZ2FuaXphdGlvbjU5Mjc2","login":"cplusplus","url":"https://github.com/cplusplus"},"isPrivate":false,"slashCommandsEnabled":false,"nameWithOwner":"cplusplus/draft","databaseId":2216249},"__isComment":"IssueComment","viewerCanReadUserContentEdits":true,"lastEditedAt":null,"lastUserContentEdit":null,"__isReactable":"IssueComment","reactionGroups":[{"content":"THUMBS_UP","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"THUMBS_DOWN","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"LAUGH","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"HOORAY","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"CONFUSED","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"HEART","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"ROCKET","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"EYES","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}}],"__isNode":"IssueComment"},"cursor":"Y3Vyc29yOnYyOpPPAAABZaZoIhgAqTQxODUxNzg2NA=="},{"node":{"__typename":"LabeledEvent","__isIssueTimelineItems":"LabeledEvent","__isTimelineEvent":"LabeledEvent","databaseId":1826348054,"createdAt":"2018-09-04T21:08:30Z","actor":{"__typename":"User","login":"jensmaurer","id":"MDQ6VXNlcjIzNDEyNzU1","__isActor":"User","avatarUrl":"https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/23412755?s=64\u0026v=4","profileResourcePath":"/jensmaurer"},"label":{"id":"MDU6TGFiZWw0ODA4MzUxNDE=","nameHTML":"decision-required","name":"decision-required","color":"1d76db","description":"A decision of the editorial group (or the Project Editor) is required."},"__isNode":"LabeledEvent","id":"MDEyOkxhYmVsZWRFdmVudDE4MjYzNDgwNTQ="},"cursor":"Y3Vyc29yOnYyOpPPAAABZaZqULABqjE4MjYzNDgwNTQ="},{"node":{"__typename":"CrossReferencedEvent","__isIssueTimelineItems":"CrossReferencedEvent","__isTimelineEvent":"CrossReferencedEvent","databaseId":761190352,"createdAt":"2018-09-05T22:26:37Z","actor":{"__typename":"User","login":"jensmaurer","id":"MDQ6VXNlcjIzNDEyNzU1","__isActor":"User","avatarUrl":"https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/23412755?s=64\u0026v=4","profileResourcePath":"/jensmaurer"},"source":{"__typename":"PullRequest","__isNode":"PullRequest","id":"MDExOlB1bGxSZXF1ZXN0MjEzNDQ1NTQ0"},"willCloseTarget":false,"referencedAt":"2018-09-05T22:26:37Z","innerSource":{"__typename":"PullRequest","__isReferencedSubject":"PullRequest","id":"MDExOlB1bGxSZXF1ZXN0MjEzNDQ1NTQ0","pullTitleHTML":"[basic.type.qualifier] Clarify the definitions of const/volatile object","url":"https://github.com/cplusplus/draft/pull/2323","number":2323,"state":"MERGED","isDraft":false,"isInMergeQueue":false,"repository":{"id":"MDEwOlJlcG9zaXRvcnkyMjE2MjQ5","name":"draft","isPrivate":false,"owner":{"__typename":"Organization","login":"cplusplus","id":"MDEyOk9yZ2FuaXphdGlvbjU5Mjc2"}},"__isNode":"PullRequest"},"__isNode":"CrossReferencedEvent","id":"MDIwOkNyb3NzUmVmZXJlbmNlZEV2ZW50NzYxMTkwMzUy"},"cursor":"Y3Vyc29yOnYyOpPPAAABZavYMUgCqTc2MTE5MDM1Mg=="},{"node":{"__typename":"IssueComment","__isIssueTimelineItems":"IssueComment","databaseId":422943549,"viewerDidAuthor":false,"issue":{"author":{"__typename":"User","login":"languagelawyer","id":"MDQ6VXNlcjM4NTQ4NDE5"},"id":"MDU6SXNzdWUzNTQ5NTMzOTg=","number":2310,"locked":false,"databaseId":354953398},"author":{"__typename":"User","login":"languagelawyer","avatarUrl":"https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/38548419?v=4","profileUrl":"https://github.com/languagelawyer","id":"MDQ6VXNlcjM4NTQ4NDE5"},"id":"MDEyOklzc3VlQ29tbWVudDQyMjk0MzU0OQ==","body":"One thing I wanted to add: prolly the intent of the [basic.life]/1 is that multidimensional arrays have non-vacuous initialization if their \"basic\" elements have non-vacuous initialization.\r\nhttps://wg21.link/cwg1284, among other things, asked to make this clear. The resolution to the whole issue was:\r\n\u003e The lifetime of an object is a runtime property of the object. An object is said to have non-vacuous initialization if it is of a class or aggregate type and it or one of its ~members~ **subobjects** is initialized by a constructor other than a trivial default constructor.\r\n\r\nIt is unclear whether it was meant that the term \"subobject\" is transitive here or the resolution didn't address the multidimensional array question.","bodyHTML":"\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eOne thing I wanted to add: prolly the intent of the [basic.life]/1 is that multidimensional arrays have non-vacuous initialization if their \"basic\" elements have non-vacuous initialization.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https://wg21.link/cwg1284\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ehttps://wg21.link/cwg1284\u003c/a\u003e, among other things, asked to make this clear. The resolution to the whole issue was:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe lifetime of an object is a runtime property of the object. An object is said to have non-vacuous initialization if it is of a class or aggregate type and it or one of its \u003cdel\u003emembers\u003c/del\u003e \u003cstrong\u003esubobjects\u003c/strong\u003e is initialized by a constructor other than a trivial default constructor.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIt is unclear whether it was meant that the term \"subobject\" is transitive here or the resolution didn't address the multidimensional array question.\u003c/p\u003e","bodyVersion":"00e9985470792ca2b8341c728b5083fc590019c92c26a61dee93591e20948c33","viewerCanUpdate":false,"url":"https://github.com/cplusplus/draft/issues/2310#issuecomment-422943549","createdAt":"2018-09-19T20:17:26Z","authorAssociation":"CONTRIBUTOR","viewerCanDelete":false,"viewerCanMinimize":false,"viewerCanUnminimize":false,"viewerCanReport":false,"viewerCanReportToMaintainer":false,"viewerCanBlockFromOrg":false,"viewerCanUnblockFromOrg":false,"viaApp":null,"isHidden":false,"minimizedReason":null,"showSpammyBadge":false,"createdViaEmail":false,"authorToRepoOwnerSponsorship":null,"repository":{"id":"MDEwOlJlcG9zaXRvcnkyMjE2MjQ5","name":"draft","owner":{"__typename":"Organization","id":"MDEyOk9yZ2FuaXphdGlvbjU5Mjc2","login":"cplusplus","url":"https://github.com/cplusplus"},"isPrivate":false,"slashCommandsEnabled":false,"nameWithOwner":"cplusplus/draft","databaseId":2216249},"__isComment":"IssueComment","viewerCanReadUserContentEdits":true,"lastEditedAt":"2018-09-19T20:20:17Z","lastUserContentEdit":{"editor":{"__typename":"User","url":"https://github.com/languagelawyer","login":"languagelawyer","id":"MDQ6VXNlcjM4NTQ4NDE5"},"id":"MDE1OlVzZXJDb250ZW50RWRpdDEzMTYxMjM2Mg=="},"__isReactable":"IssueComment","reactionGroups":[{"content":"THUMBS_UP","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"THUMBS_DOWN","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"LAUGH","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"HOORAY","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"CONFUSED","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"HEART","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"ROCKET","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"EYES","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}}],"__isNode":"IssueComment"},"cursor":"Y3Vyc29yOnYyOpPPAAABZfN68_AAqTQyMjk0MzU0OQ=="},{"node":{"__typename":"IssueComment","__isIssueTimelineItems":"IssueComment","databaseId":436157205,"viewerDidAuthor":false,"issue":{"author":{"__typename":"User","login":"languagelawyer","id":"MDQ6VXNlcjM4NTQ4NDE5"},"id":"MDU6SXNzdWUzNTQ5NTMzOTg=","number":2310,"locked":false,"databaseId":354953398},"author":{"__typename":"User","login":"jensmaurer","avatarUrl":"https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/23412755?v=4","profileUrl":"https://github.com/jensmaurer","id":"MDQ6VXNlcjIzNDEyNzU1"},"id":"MDEyOklzc3VlQ29tbWVudDQzNjE1NzIwNQ==","body":"Editorial meeting: Which is more useful, transitive definition of subobject and say direct subobject when we mean it? Easier to use. Investigate fall-out of that approach. Transitivity comes in when a relation is established \"x is a subobject of y\".","bodyHTML":"\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eEditorial meeting: Which is more useful, transitive definition of subobject and say direct subobject when we mean it? Easier to use. Investigate fall-out of that approach. Transitivity comes in when a relation is established \"x is a subobject of y\".\u003c/p\u003e","bodyVersion":"7a14bec129eeb6c48f7d69c0e66377e79930a6daeac205902d185ce854bedbdf","viewerCanUpdate":false,"url":"https://github.com/cplusplus/draft/issues/2310#issuecomment-436157205","createdAt":"2018-11-06T07:33:39Z","authorAssociation":"MEMBER","viewerCanDelete":false,"viewerCanMinimize":false,"viewerCanUnminimize":false,"viewerCanReport":false,"viewerCanReportToMaintainer":false,"viewerCanBlockFromOrg":false,"viewerCanUnblockFromOrg":false,"viaApp":null,"isHidden":false,"minimizedReason":null,"showSpammyBadge":false,"createdViaEmail":false,"authorToRepoOwnerSponsorship":null,"repository":{"id":"MDEwOlJlcG9zaXRvcnkyMjE2MjQ5","name":"draft","owner":{"__typename":"Organization","id":"MDEyOk9yZ2FuaXphdGlvbjU5Mjc2","login":"cplusplus","url":"https://github.com/cplusplus"},"isPrivate":false,"slashCommandsEnabled":false,"nameWithOwner":"cplusplus/draft","databaseId":2216249},"__isComment":"IssueComment","viewerCanReadUserContentEdits":true,"lastEditedAt":null,"lastUserContentEdit":null,"__isReactable":"IssueComment","reactionGroups":[{"content":"THUMBS_UP","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"THUMBS_DOWN","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"LAUGH","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"HOORAY","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"CONFUSED","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"HEART","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"ROCKET","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"EYES","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}}],"__isNode":"IssueComment"},"cursor":"Y3Vyc29yOnYyOpPPAAABZufw8DgAqTQzNjE1NzIwNQ=="},{"node":{"__typename":"UnlabeledEvent","__isIssueTimelineItems":"UnlabeledEvent","__isTimelineEvent":"UnlabeledEvent","databaseId":1948196360,"createdAt":"2018-11-06T07:34:40Z","actor":{"__typename":"User","login":"jensmaurer","id":"MDQ6VXNlcjIzNDEyNzU1","__isActor":"User","avatarUrl":"https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/23412755?s=64\u0026v=4","profileResourcePath":"/jensmaurer"},"label":{"id":"MDU6TGFiZWw0ODA4MzUxNDE=","nameHTML":"decision-required","name":"decision-required","color":"1d76db","description":"A decision of the editorial group (or the Project Editor) is required."},"__isNode":"UnlabeledEvent","id":"MDE0OlVubGFiZWxlZEV2ZW50MTk0ODE5NjM2MA=="},"cursor":"Y3Vyc29yOnYyOpPPAAABZufx3oABqjE5NDgxOTYzNjA="},{"node":{"__typename":"IssueComment","__isIssueTimelineItems":"IssueComment","databaseId":458654126,"viewerDidAuthor":false,"issue":{"author":{"__typename":"User","login":"languagelawyer","id":"MDQ6VXNlcjM4NTQ4NDE5"},"id":"MDU6SXNzdWUzNTQ5NTMzOTg=","number":2310,"locked":false,"databaseId":354953398},"author":{"__typename":"User","login":"jensmaurer","avatarUrl":"https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/23412755?v=4","profileUrl":"https://github.com/jensmaurer","id":"MDQ6VXNlcjIzNDEyNzU1"},"id":"MDEyOklzc3VlQ29tbWVudDQ1ODY1NDEyNg==","body":"This is a can of worms. Most of our uses of \"base class subobject\" are wrong, assuming non-transitivity.\r\n\r\nBut it starts with [intro.object], where we pretend to define member subobject and base class subobject, but that's backwards at best: It's the class definition that causes certain subobjects to exist, so we should say so. For comparison, 10.6p3 seems backwards: \"The _base-specifier-list_ specifies the type of the _base class subobjects_ contained in an object of the derived class type.\" \r\n10.6.1p4 [class.mi] has it correct and complete:\r\n\u003e For each distinct occurrence of a non-virtual base class in the class lattice of the most derived class, the most derived object (6.6.2) shall contain a corresponding distinct base class subobject of that type. For each distinct base class that is specified virtual, the most derived object shall contain a single base class subobject of that type.\r\n\r\nBefore I go further, here are phrasing suggestions we should like or dislike:\r\n- Kill the quoted sentence in 10.6p3.\r\n- Define all sub/object things in [intro.object], i.e.\r\n- Move 10.6.1p4 [class.mi] there, replacing \"subobject\" with \"object\", otherwise we are circular: \"most derived class\" uses \"complete object\", which is defined as \"not being a subobject\".\r\n- Add \"For each direct non-static non-reference data member of a class type C [class.mem], an object of type C contains an object of the type of the data member, called a _direct member subobject_.\"\r\n- Move the [dcl.array] sentence \"An object of array type contains a contiguously allocated non-empty set of N \u003cdel\u003esub\u003c/del\u003eobjects of type T, \u003cins\u003e called the _array element subobjects_.\"\r\n- And then \r\nA _direct subobject_ of an object is a direct member subobject, a direct base class subobject, or an array element subobject.\r\nA _subobject_ of an object is a direct subobject, or a direct subobject of a subobject of that object.\r\n\r\n(This tries to avoid a circular definition, which we currently have: A subobject is an array element which is a subobject.)","bodyHTML":"\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis is a can of worms. Most of our uses of \"base class subobject\" are wrong, assuming non-transitivity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eBut it starts with [intro.object], where we pretend to define member subobject and base class subobject, but that's backwards at best: It's the class definition that causes certain subobjects to exist, so we should say so. For comparison, 10.6p3 seems backwards: \"The \u003cem\u003ebase-specifier-list\u003c/em\u003e specifies the type of the \u003cem\u003ebase class subobjects\u003c/em\u003e contained in an object of the derived class type.\"\u003cbr\u003e\n10.6.1p4 [class.mi] has it correct and complete:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eFor each distinct occurrence of a non-virtual base class in the class lattice of the most derived class, the most derived object (6.6.2) shall contain a corresponding distinct base class subobject of that type. For each distinct base class that is specified virtual, the most derived object shall contain a single base class subobject of that type.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eBefore I go further, here are phrasing suggestions we should like or dislike:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKill the quoted sentence in 10.6p3.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDefine all sub/object things in [intro.object], i.e.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMove 10.6.1p4 [class.mi] there, replacing \"subobject\" with \"object\", otherwise we are circular: \"most derived class\" uses \"complete object\", which is defined as \"not being a subobject\".\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAdd \"For each direct non-static non-reference data member of a class type C [class.mem], an object of type C contains an object of the type of the data member, called a \u003cem\u003edirect member subobject\u003c/em\u003e.\"\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMove the [dcl.array] sentence 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</style><!--$--><!--$--><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 gjuRkX"><div class="primary-viewer IssueDetail-module__IssueDetailContainer--h6eYv" data-testid="issue-viewer-container"><!--$--><div class="IssueViewer-module__issueViewerContainer--C18gM IssueViewer-module__mainContainer--PhquW"><!--$--><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 ContentWrapper-module__contentContainer--AGolz"><div aria-label="Header" role="region" data-testid="issue-header"><div class="prc-PageHeader-PageHeader-sT1Hp HeaderViewer-module__headerContainer--kkVCB "><div class="prc-PageHeader-TitleArea-jxJZy HeaderViewer-module__PageHeader_TitleArea--RYvOA" data-component="TitleArea" data-size-variant="medium"><h1 class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 fdpFjT prc-PageHeader-Title-LKOsd HeaderViewer-module__PageHeader_Title--n_x9h prc-Heading-Heading-6CmGO" data-component="PH_Title" data-hidden="false" style="--custom-font-size:26px,26px,var(--text-title-size-large, 32px),var(--text-title-size-large, 32px)"><bdi class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 markdown-title HeaderViewer-module__VerifiedHTMLBox--_DgIv" data-testid="issue-title">[intro.object]: the term "subobject" should consistently be either transitive or intransitive</bdi> <span class="HeaderViewer-module__issueNumberText--ofQHQ">#2310</span></h1></div><div class="prc-PageHeader-ContextArea-6ykSJ" data-hidden-regular="true"><div class="prc-PageHeader-ContextAreaActions-RTJRk HeaderViewer-module__PageHeader_ContextAreaActions--zjX2m" data-hidden-regular="true"><div class="HeaderMenu-module__menuActionsContainer--Gf9W9"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 kIppVx HeaderMenu-module__buttonContainer--Nazjm"><a type="button" href="/login?return_to=" target="_blank" class="prc-Button-ButtonBase-c50BI" data-loading="false" data-no-visuals="true" data-size="medium" data-variant="primary" aria-describedby=":Ria56b:-loading-announcement"><span data-component="buttonContent" data-align="center" class="prc-Button-ButtonContent-HKbr-"><span data-component="text" class="prc-Button-Label-pTQ3x">New 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0Z"></path></svg>Open</span></div><div class="HeaderMetadata-module__titleAndMetadata--I5cx4"><div class="StickyHeaderTitle-module__stickyTitleContainer--tWFM_"><a class="StickyHeaderTitle-module__stickyTitleLink--H6l16 prc-Link-Link-85e08" href="#top"><bdi class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 markdown-title" data-testid="issue-title-sticky">[intro.object]: the term "subobject" should consistently be either transitive or intransitive</bdi></a><span class="StickyHeaderTitle-module__issueNumberText--t7CBp">#2310</span></div><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 buMjBU HeaderMetadata-module__smallMetadataRow--gVhbT"><!--$--><!--/$--></div></div><div><div class="HeaderMenu-module__menuActionsContainer--Gf9W9"><button data-component="IconButton" type="button" class="prc-Button-ButtonBase-c50BI prc-Button-IconButton-szpyj" data-loading="false" data-no-visuals="true" data-size="medium" data-variant="invisible" aria-describedby=":Rsu96b:-loading-announcement" aria-labelledby=":Ru96b:"><svg aria-hidden="true" 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src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/38548419?v=4&amp;size=48" data-testid="github-avatar"/></a></div><div class="ActivityHeader-module__narrowViewportWrapper--k4ncm IssueBodyHeader-module__narrowViewportWrapper--cUGQk"><div class="IssueBodyHeader-module__titleSection--a171Q"><a class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bGcKkD IssueBodyHeaderAuthor-module__authorLoginLink--MsgZJ prc-Link-Link-85e08" href="https://github.com/languagelawyer" data-hovercard-url="/users/languagelawyer/hovercard" data-testid="issue-body-header-author">languagelawyer</a></div><div class="ActivityHeader-module__footer--ssKOW IssueBodyHeader-module__footerSection--R3Cax"><span>opened </span><a class="IssueBodyHeader-module__dateLink--GZfps prc-Link-Link-85e08" href="https://github.com/cplusplus/draft/issues/2310#issue-354953398" data-testid="issue-body-header-link"><relative-time class="sc-aXZVg IssueBodyHeader-module__RelativeTime--LRd7n">on <!-- -->Aug 29, 2018</relative-time></a></div></div><div class="ActivityHeader-module__narrowViewportWrapper--k4ncm IssueBodyHeader-module__actionsWrapper--nZngh"><div class="ActivityHeader-module__edits--WkfqY IssueBodyHeader-module__editsSection--ptNnu"></div><div class="IssueBodyHeader-module__badgesSection--izNBK"><div class="IssueBodyHeader-module__badgeGroup--xiI1A"></div><div class="IssueBodyHeader-module__actionsSection--CZDiB"><button data-component="IconButton" type="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0" class="prc-Button-ButtonBase-c50BI prc-Button-IconButton-szpyj" data-loading="false" data-no-visuals="true" data-size="small" data-variant="invisible" aria-describedby=":R4ldklmb:-loading-announcement" aria-labelledby=":R3sldklmb:" id=":R4ldklmb:"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-kebab-horizontal" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M8 9a1.5 1.5 0 1 0 0-3 1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 3ZM1.5 9a1.5 1.5 0 1 0 0-3 1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 3Zm13 0a1.5 1.5 0 1 0 0-3 1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 3Z"></path></svg></button><span class="prc-TooltipV2-Tooltip-cYMVY" data-direction="s" aria-hidden="true" id=":R3sldklmb:">Issue body actions</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="IssueBodyViewer-module__IssueBody--Zg6Wy" id="issue-body-viewer" data-testid="issue-body-viewer"><div data-testid="markdown-body" data-team-hovercards-enabled="true" class="markdown-body" data-turbolinks="false"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 markdown-body NewMarkdownViewer-module__safe-html-box--dKCgP"><p dir="auto"><strong>Also, the term "direct subobject" should be defined and/or [except.ctor]/3 should be fixed.</strong></p>
<p dir="auto">Richard Smith's answer to 'Is "subobject" a transitive relation?':</p>
<blockquote>
<p dir="auto">I think it depends on the context of the use, sadly. Strictly, subobject is<br>
not transitive, and an object is only a subobject in at most one way (it<br>
cannot be both an array element and a base class subobject, for instance),<br>
notwithstanding that a virtual base class subobject can be a subobject of<br>
multiple objects at once. Most uses of the term seem to use it in that way.</p>
<p dir="auto">However, there are some uses that clearly intend to take the transitive<br>
closure:</p>
<ul dir="auto">
<li>[basic.stc.dynamic.safety]/2.2 intends to allow transitive subobjects<br>
(but should probably allow all objects nested within the original object)</li>
<li>[basic.types]/3's example says "subobject" but presumably means<br>
something more general</li>
<li>[basic.type.qualifier]/1.1, /1.2, /1.3 have ambiguous antecedents and<br>
could be reworded to make it clearer that they are transitive ("of such an<br>
object" -&gt; "of a const object").</li>
<li>[basic.start.static]/2 intends to allow transitive subobjects</li>
<li>[conv.ptr]/3 intends to allow anything in the transitive closure of<br>
"base class subobject of".<br>
... and so on. (I'm sure you can find more.)</li>
</ul>
<p dir="auto">Feel like filing an editorial issue? We should aim to use the term<br>
consistently.</p>
</blockquote>
<p dir="auto">From me:<br>
[except.ctor]/3:<br>
If the initialization or destruction of an object other than by delegating constructor is terminated by an exception, the destructor is invoked for each of the object's direct subobjects…<br>
(Implies that subobjects can be indirect)</p>
<p dir="auto">If the 'direct subobjects' here are '(immediate) base class subobjects' and 'member subobjects', what does it mean for members of an array type? How can a destructor be invoked for them? (<strong>Should I create another issue for this?</strong>)</p></div></div><div class="IssueBodyViewer-module__IssueBodyTaskList--xb3uu"><!--$--><div role="toolbar" aria-label="Reactions" class="d-flex gap-1 flex-wrap"><button type="button" aria-label="👍 1 reaction" role="switch" aria-checked="false" class="prc-Button-ButtonBase-c50BI ReactionButton-module__reactionToggleButton--axnvQ" data-loading="false" data-size="small" data-variant="default" aria-describedby=":Rsdaklmb:-loading-announcement :Rdaklmb: :R4daklmb:"><span data-component="buttonContent" data-align="center" class="prc-Button-ButtonContent-HKbr-"><span data-component="leadingVisual" class="prc-Button-Visual-2epfX prc-Button-VisualWrap-Db-eB">👍</span><span data-component="text" class="prc-Button-Label-pTQ3x"><span class="sr-only" id=":Rdaklmb:">React with 👍</span>1</span></span></button><span class="prc-TooltipV2-Tooltip-cYMVY" data-direction="ne" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true" 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      </button>
      <div class="octocat-spinner my-6 js-details-dialog-spinner"></div>
    </details-dialog>
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</template>

    <div class="Popover js-hovercard-content position-absolute" style="display: none; outline: none;">
  <div class="Popover-message Popover-message--bottom-left Popover-message--large Box color-shadow-large" style="width:360px;">
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    <template id="snippet-clipboard-copy-button">
  <div class="zeroclipboard-container position-absolute right-0 top-0">
    <clipboard-copy aria-label="Copy" class="ClipboardButton btn js-clipboard-copy m-2 p-0" data-copy-feedback="Copied!" data-tooltip-direction="w">
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    <path d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 9.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 14.25Z"></path><path d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 5 9.25Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z"></path>
</svg>
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</svg>
    </clipboard-copy>
  </div>
</template>
<template id="snippet-clipboard-copy-button-unpositioned">
  <div class="zeroclipboard-container">
    <clipboard-copy aria-label="Copy" class="ClipboardButton btn btn-invisible js-clipboard-copy m-2 p-0 d-flex flex-justify-center flex-items-center" data-copy-feedback="Copied!" data-tooltip-direction="w">
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</svg>
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</svg>
    </clipboard-copy>
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</template>




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