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  <title>[meta.unary.prop] is_nothrow_* traits should be explicitly allowed to have strengthened results · Issue #7070 · cplusplus/draft · GitHub</title>



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      <meta name="description" content="Although not explicitly specified as [res.on.exception.handling]/5, the wording &quot;is known not to throw any exceptions&quot; in the condition column in [tab:meta.unary.prop] for tratis is_nothrow_constructible and is_nothrow_assignable permits...">

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    <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"DiscussionForumPosting","headline":"[meta.unary.prop] is_nothrow_* traits should be explicitly allowed to have strengthened results","articleBody":"Although not explicitly specified as [[res.on.exception.handling]/5](https://eel.is/c++draft/res.on.exception.handling#5), the wording \"is known not to throw any exceptions\" in the condition column in [[tab:meta.unary.prop]](https://eel.is/c++draft/tab:meta.unary.prop) for tratis `is_nothrow_constructible` and `is_nothrow_assignable` permits to have different results from the status of the fact no functions with non-throwing exception specification will be called in the operations; that is, operations with _Throws:_ in the semantics but no non-throwing exception specification can also be assumed non-throwing. However, the following \"([[expr.unary.noexcept]](https://eel.is/c++draft/expr.unary.noexcept))\" is quite confusing by suggesting this is all about the case of `noexcept-specification`. Such internal consistency should be resolved edtiorially, e.g. converting the link to a note.\r\n\r\nI believe this should be clarified editorially for various reasons (including some reasioning not so editiorial, though):\r\n\r\n* The current wording besides the link (which is not explicitly against it) is clear.\r\n\t* This somehow follows the spirit of the NAD treatment of [LWG 2116](https://cplusplus.github.io/LWG/issue2116) in [P2842](https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2023/p2842r0.pdf).\r\n* The suggested resolution (to change the potentionally misleading link) is clear.\r\n\t* No conformance rule will be changed to be more restrictive in this direction, and absolutely no current conforming implementations will be break.\r\n* The opposite direction (to disallow the strenghened results) is problematic.\r\n\t* The names containing `nothrow` instead of `noexcept`, so they should better avoid to tightly couple with `noexcept-specification`.\r\n\t* As mentioned in P2842, these traits predate `noexcept`. The history of renaming also indicates they are not coupled with `noexcept`.\r\n\t* There are risks of breaking some implementation already having the strenghened results in this context (although I have no instance).\r\n\r\nMoreover, I've encountered some real problems when such traits are strictly bound to `noexcept` results. Specifically, to eliminate [-Wnoexcept] warnings from G++, the missing of explicit (conditional) `noexcept-specification` on the constructors of standard library types like `std::pair` instances makes the work much harder, because the precise location for pragmas to ignore the warning is often difficult to identify when the cause is `std` types. To work around this, additional exception specification can be added in *every* suspicious call sites, like:\r\n\r\n```\r\nnamespace my\r\n{\r\ntemplate\u003ctypename T, typename... A\u003e\r\nstruct is_nothrow_constructible : std::is_nothrow_constructible\u003cT, A...\u003e\r\n{};\r\n// cv-qualified specializations here\r\ntemplate\u003ctypename T1, typename T2, typename A1, typename A2\u003e\r\nstruct is_nothrow_constructible\u003cstd::pair\u003cT1, T2\u003e, A1, A2\u003e : std::bool_constant\u003cstd::is_nothrow_constructible\u003cT1, A1\u003e::value \u0026\u0026 std::is_nothrow_constructible\u003cT2, A2\u003e::value\u003e\r\n{};\r\n}\r\n// more specializations can be added\r\n\r\nusing my::is_nothrow_constructible;;\r\n\r\ntemplate\u003ctypename T, typename... A\u003e\r\nvoid foo(...) noexcept(is_nothrow_constructible\u003cT, A...\u003e()) // exception specification added\r\n{}\r\n```\r\n\r\nThen `my::is_nothrow_constructible` is a drop-in replacement of `std::is_nothrow_constructible` in almost any practical case in user programs. (Actually this is a user-provided fix of the potential defect of the constructor of `std::pair`, since the missing `noexcept` is not for intentional use, esp. allowing reporting the failure of violation of narrow contracts.) However, before it is clarified that strenghened results are allowed in `std` trait, it will also be confusing in `namespace my`.  I can hardly come up with a better name in that case, plus replacing `is_nothrow_constructible` anywhere is far more horrible to just replacing `using std::is_nothrow_constructible;` by `using my::is_nothrow_constructible;`. (And surely I can't specialize `std::is_nothow_constructible` for `std::pair\u003clong, long\u003e`, as it is undefined behavior.)\r\n","author":{"url":"https://github.com/FrankHB","@type":"Person","name":"FrankHB"},"datePublished":"2024-06-18T16:58:09.000Z","interactionStatistic":{"@type":"InteractionCounter","interactionType":"https://schema.org/CommentAction","userInteractionCount":11},"url":"https://github.com/7070/draft/issues/7070"}</script> 
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                      <li>
  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary Link--external" target="_blank" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;blog&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;platform&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;blog_link_platform_navbar&quot;}" href="https://github.blog">
      Blog

    <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-link-external HeaderMenu-external-icon color-fg-subtle">
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</svg>
</a></li>

                  </ul>
                </div>
                <div class="border-bottom border-lg-bottom-0 pb-lg-0 pb-3">

                      <span class="d-block h4 color-fg-default my-1" id="platform-integrations-heading">Integrations</span>

                  <ul class="list-style-none f5" aria-labelledby="platform-integrations-heading">
                      <li>
  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;github_marketplace&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;platform&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;github_marketplace_link_platform_navbar&quot;}" href="https://github.com/marketplace">
      GitHub Marketplace

    
</a></li>

                      <li>
  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;mcp_registry&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;platform&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;mcp_registry_link_platform_navbar&quot;}" href="https://github.com/mcp">
      MCP Registry

    
</a></li>

                  </ul>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>

          <div class="HeaderMenu-trailing-link rounded-bottom-2 mt-lg-4 px-lg-4 py-4 py-lg-3 f5 text-semibold">
            <a data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;view_all_features&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;platform&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;view_all_features_link_platform_navbar&quot;}" href="https://github.com/features">
              View all features
              <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-chevron-right HeaderMenu-trailing-link-icon">
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</li>


                <li class="HeaderMenu-item position-relative flex-wrap flex-justify-between flex-items-center d-block d-lg-flex flex-lg-nowrap flex-lg-items-center js-details-container js-header-menu-item">
      <button type="button" class="HeaderMenu-link border-0 width-full width-lg-auto px-0 px-lg-2 py-lg-2 no-wrap d-flex flex-items-center flex-justify-between js-details-target" aria-expanded="false">
        Solutions
        <svg opacity="0.5" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-chevron-down HeaderMenu-icon ml-1">
    <path d="M12.78 5.22a.749.749 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.06 0L3.22 6.28a.749.749 0 1 1 1.06-1.06L8 8.939l3.72-3.719a.749.749 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path>
</svg>
      </button>

      <div class="HeaderMenu-dropdown dropdown-menu rounded m-0 p-0 pt-2 pt-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n3 dropdown-menu-wide">
        <div class="d-lg-flex dropdown-menu-wide">
            <div class="HeaderMenu-column px-lg-4 pb-3 pb-lg-0 border-lg-right">
                <div class="border-bottom border-lg-bottom-0 pb-lg-0 pb-3">

                      <span class="d-block h4 color-fg-default my-1" id="solutions-by-company-size-heading">By company size</span>

                  <ul class="list-style-none f5" aria-labelledby="solutions-by-company-size-heading">
                      <li>
  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;enterprises&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;enterprises_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}" href="https://github.com/enterprise">
      Enterprises

    
</a></li>

                      <li>
  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;small_and_medium_teams&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;small_and_medium_teams_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}" href="https://github.com/team">
      Small and medium teams

    
</a></li>

                      <li>
  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;startups&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;startups_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}" href="https://github.com/enterprise/startups">
      Startups

    
</a></li>

                      <li>
  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;nonprofits&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;nonprofits_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}" href="/solutions/industry/nonprofits">
      Nonprofits

    
</a></li>

                  </ul>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="HeaderMenu-column px-lg-4 pb-3 pb-lg-0 border-lg-right">
                <div class="border-bottom border-lg-bottom-0 pb-lg-0 pb-3">

                      <span class="d-block h4 color-fg-default my-1" id="solutions-by-use-case-heading">By use case</span>

                  <ul class="list-style-none f5" aria-labelledby="solutions-by-use-case-heading">
                      <li>
  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;app_modernization&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;app_modernization_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}" href="/solutions/use-case/app-modernization">
      App Modernization

    
</a></li>

                      <li>
  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;devsecops&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;devsecops_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}" href="/solutions/use-case/devsecops">
      DevSecOps

    
</a></li>

                      <li>
  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;devops&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;devops_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}" href="/solutions/use-case/devops">
      DevOps

    
</a></li>

                      <li>
  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;ci_cd&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;ci_cd_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}" href="/solutions/use-case/ci-cd">
      CI/CD

    
</a></li>

                      <li>
  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;view_all_use_cases&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;view_all_use_cases_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}" href="/solutions/use-case">
      View all use cases

    
</a></li>

                  </ul>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="HeaderMenu-column px-lg-4">
                <div class="border-bottom border-lg-bottom-0 pb-lg-0 pb-3">

                      <span class="d-block h4 color-fg-default my-1" id="solutions-by-industry-heading">By industry</span>

                  <ul class="list-style-none f5" aria-labelledby="solutions-by-industry-heading">
                      <li>
  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;healthcare&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;healthcare_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}" href="/solutions/industry/healthcare">
      Healthcare

    
</a></li>

                      <li>
  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;financial_services&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;financial_services_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}" href="/solutions/industry/financial-services">
      Financial services

    
</a></li>

                      <li>
  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;manufacturing&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;manufacturing_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}" href="/solutions/industry/manufacturing">
      Manufacturing

    
</a></li>

                      <li>
  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;government&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;government_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}" href="/solutions/industry/government">
      Government

    
</a></li>

                      <li>
  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;view_all_industries&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;view_all_industries_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}" href="/solutions/industry">
      View all industries

    
</a></li>

                  </ul>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>

          <div class="HeaderMenu-trailing-link rounded-bottom-2 mt-lg-4 px-lg-4 py-4 py-lg-3 f5 text-semibold">
            <a data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;view_all_solutions&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;view_all_solutions_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}" href="/solutions">
              View all solutions
              <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-chevron-right HeaderMenu-trailing-link-icon">
    <path d="M6.22 3.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L9.94 8 6.22 4.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path>
</svg>
</a>          </div>
      </div>
</li>


                <li class="HeaderMenu-item position-relative flex-wrap flex-justify-between flex-items-center d-block d-lg-flex flex-lg-nowrap flex-lg-items-center js-details-container js-header-menu-item">
      <button type="button" class="HeaderMenu-link border-0 width-full width-lg-auto px-0 px-lg-2 py-lg-2 no-wrap d-flex flex-items-center flex-justify-between js-details-target" aria-expanded="false">
        Resources
        <svg opacity="0.5" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-chevron-down HeaderMenu-icon ml-1">
    <path d="M12.78 5.22a.749.749 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.06 0L3.22 6.28a.749.749 0 1 1 1.06-1.06L8 8.939l3.72-3.719a.749.749 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path>
</svg>
      </button>

      <div class="HeaderMenu-dropdown dropdown-menu rounded m-0 p-0 pt-2 pt-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n3 pb-2 pb-lg-4 dropdown-menu-wide">
        <div class="d-lg-flex dropdown-menu-wide">
            <div class="HeaderMenu-column px-lg-4 pb-3 pb-lg-0 border-lg-right">
                <div class="border-bottom border-lg-bottom-0 pb-lg-0 pb-3">

                      <span class="d-block h4 color-fg-default my-1" id="resources-topics-heading">Topics</span>

                  <ul class="list-style-none f5" aria-labelledby="resources-topics-heading">
                      <li>
  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;ai&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;resources&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;ai_link_resources_navbar&quot;}" href="/resources/articles/ai">
      AI

    
</a></li>

                      <li>
  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;devops&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;resources&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;devops_link_resources_navbar&quot;}" href="/resources/articles/devops">
      DevOps

    
</a></li>

                      <li>
  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;security&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;resources&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;security_link_resources_navbar&quot;}" href="/resources/articles/security">
      Security

    
</a></li>

                      <li>
  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;software_development&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;resources&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;software_development_link_resources_navbar&quot;}" href="/resources/articles/software-development">
      Software Development

    
</a></li>

                      <li>
  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;view_all&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;resources&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;view_all_link_resources_navbar&quot;}" href="/resources/articles">
      View all

    
</a></li>

                  </ul>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="HeaderMenu-column px-lg-4">
                <div class="border-bottom border-lg-bottom-0 pb-lg-0 border-bottom-0">

                      <span class="d-block h4 color-fg-default my-1" id="resources-explore-heading">Explore</span>

                  <ul class="list-style-none f5" aria-labelledby="resources-explore-heading">
                      <li>
  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary Link--external" target="_blank" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;learning_pathways&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;resources&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;learning_pathways_link_resources_navbar&quot;}" href="https://resources.github.com/learn/pathways">
      Learning Pathways

    <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-link-external HeaderMenu-external-icon color-fg-subtle">
    <path d="M3.75 2h3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-3.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v8.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v3.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 12.25 14h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 12.25v-8.5C2 2.784 2.784 2 3.75 2Zm6.854-1h4.146a.25.25 0 0 1 .25.25v4.146a.25.25 0 0 1-.427.177L13.03 4.03 9.28 7.78a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042l3.75-3.75-1.543-1.543A.25.25 0 0 1 10.604 1Z"></path>
</svg>
</a></li>

                      <li>
  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;events_amp_webinars&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;resources&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;events_amp_webinars_link_resources_navbar&quot;}" href="https://github.com/resources/events">
      Events &amp; Webinars

    
</a></li>

                      <li>
  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;ebooks_amp_whitepapers&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;resources&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;ebooks_amp_whitepapers_link_resources_navbar&quot;}" href="https://github.com/resources/whitepapers">
      Ebooks &amp; Whitepapers

    
</a></li>

                      <li>
  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;customer_stories&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;resources&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;customer_stories_link_resources_navbar&quot;}" href="https://github.com/customer-stories">
      Customer Stories

    
</a></li>

                      <li>
  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;partners&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;resources&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;partners_link_resources_navbar&quot;}" href="https://github.com/partners">
      Partners

    
</a></li>

                      <li>
  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;executive_insights&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;resources&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;executive_insights_link_resources_navbar&quot;}" href="https://github.com/solutions/executive-insights">
      Executive Insights

    
</a></li>

                  </ul>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>

      </div>
</li>


                <li class="HeaderMenu-item position-relative flex-wrap flex-justify-between flex-items-center d-block d-lg-flex flex-lg-nowrap flex-lg-items-center js-details-container js-header-menu-item">
      <button type="button" class="HeaderMenu-link border-0 width-full width-lg-auto px-0 px-lg-2 py-lg-2 no-wrap d-flex flex-items-center flex-justify-between js-details-target" aria-expanded="false">
        Open Source
        <svg opacity="0.5" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-chevron-down HeaderMenu-icon ml-1">
    <path d="M12.78 5.22a.749.749 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.06 0L3.22 6.28a.749.749 0 1 1 1.06-1.06L8 8.939l3.72-3.719a.749.749 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path>
</svg>
      </button>

      <div class="HeaderMenu-dropdown dropdown-menu rounded m-0 p-0 pt-2 pt-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n3 pb-2 pb-lg-4">
        <div class="d-lg-flex dropdown-menu-wide">
            <div class="HeaderMenu-column px-lg-4">
                <div class="border-bottom mb-3 mb-lg-3 pb-3">

                  <ul class="list-style-none f5" >
                      <li>
  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;github_sponsors&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;open_source&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;github_sponsors_link_open_source_navbar&quot;}" href="/sponsors">
      
      <div>
        <div class="color-fg-default h4">
          GitHub Sponsors

        </div>

        Fund open source developers
      </div>

    
</a></li>

                  </ul>
                </div>
                <div class="border-bottom mb-3 mb-lg-3 pb-3">

                  <ul class="list-style-none f5" >
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  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;the_readme_project&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;open_source&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;the_readme_project_link_open_source_navbar&quot;}" href="https://github.com/readme">
      
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        <div class="color-fg-default h4">
          The ReadME Project

        </div>

        GitHub community articles
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</a></li>

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                <div class="border-bottom border-bottom-0">

                      <span class="d-block h4 color-fg-default my-1" id="open-source-repositories-heading">Repositories</span>

                  <ul class="list-style-none f5" aria-labelledby="open-source-repositories-heading">
                      <li>
  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;topics&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;open_source&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;topics_link_open_source_navbar&quot;}" href="https://github.com/topics">
      Topics

    
</a></li>

                      <li>
  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;trending&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;open_source&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;trending_link_open_source_navbar&quot;}" href="https://github.com/trending">
      Trending

    
</a></li>

                      <li>
  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;collections&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;open_source&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;collections_link_open_source_navbar&quot;}" href="https://github.com/collections">
      Collections

    
</a></li>

                  </ul>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>

      </div>
</li>


                <li class="HeaderMenu-item position-relative flex-wrap flex-justify-between flex-items-center d-block d-lg-flex flex-lg-nowrap flex-lg-items-center js-details-container js-header-menu-item">
      <button type="button" class="HeaderMenu-link border-0 width-full width-lg-auto px-0 px-lg-2 py-lg-2 no-wrap d-flex flex-items-center flex-justify-between js-details-target" aria-expanded="false">
        Enterprise
        <svg opacity="0.5" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-chevron-down HeaderMenu-icon ml-1">
    <path d="M12.78 5.22a.749.749 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.06 0L3.22 6.28a.749.749 0 1 1 1.06-1.06L8 8.939l3.72-3.719a.749.749 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path>
</svg>
      </button>

      <div class="HeaderMenu-dropdown dropdown-menu rounded m-0 p-0 pt-2 pt-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n3 pb-2 pb-lg-4">
        <div class="d-lg-flex dropdown-menu-wide">
            <div class="HeaderMenu-column px-lg-4">
                <div class="border-bottom mb-3 mb-lg-3 pb-3">

                  <ul class="list-style-none f5" >
                      <li>
  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;enterprise_platform&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;enterprise&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;enterprise_platform_link_enterprise_navbar&quot;}" href="/enterprise">
      <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-stack color-fg-subtle mr-3">
    <path d="M11.063 1.456a1.749 1.749 0 0 1 1.874 0l8.383 5.316a1.751 1.751 0 0 1 0 2.956l-8.383 5.316a1.749 1.749 0 0 1-1.874 0L2.68 9.728a1.751 1.751 0 0 1 0-2.956Zm1.071 1.267a.25.25 0 0 0-.268 0L3.483 8.039a.25.25 0 0 0 0 .422l8.383 5.316a.25.25 0 0 0 .268 0l8.383-5.316a.25.25 0 0 0 0-.422Z"></path><path d="M1.867 12.324a.75.75 0 0 1 1.035-.232l8.964 5.685a.25.25 0 0 0 .268 0l8.964-5.685a.75.75 0 0 1 .804 1.267l-8.965 5.685a1.749 1.749 0 0 1-1.874 0l-8.965-5.685a.75.75 0 0 1-.231-1.035Z"></path><path d="M1.867 16.324a.75.75 0 0 1 1.035-.232l8.964 5.685a.25.25 0 0 0 .268 0l8.964-5.685a.75.75 0 0 1 .804 1.267l-8.965 5.685a1.749 1.749 0 0 1-1.874 0l-8.965-5.685a.75.75 0 0 1-.231-1.035Z"></path>
</svg>
      <div>
        <div class="color-fg-default h4">
          Enterprise platform

        </div>

        AI-powered developer platform
      </div>

    
</a></li>

                  </ul>
                </div>
                <div class="border-bottom border-bottom-0">

                      <span class="d-block h4 color-fg-default my-1" id="enterprise-available-add-ons-heading">Available add-ons</span>

                  <ul class="list-style-none f5" aria-labelledby="enterprise-available-add-ons-heading">
                      <li>
  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description mb-lg-3" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;github_advanced_security&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;enterprise&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;github_advanced_security_link_enterprise_navbar&quot;}" href="https://github.com/security/advanced-security">
      <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-shield-check color-fg-subtle mr-3">
    <path d="M16.53 9.78a.75.75 0 0 0-1.06-1.06L11 13.19l-1.97-1.97a.75.75 0 0 0-1.06 1.06l2.5 2.5a.75.75 0 0 0 1.06 0l5-5Z"></path><path d="m12.54.637 8.25 2.675A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 22 4.976V10c0 6.19-3.771 10.704-9.401 12.83a1.704 1.704 0 0 1-1.198 0C5.77 20.705 2 16.19 2 10V4.976c0-.758.489-1.43 1.21-1.664L11.46.637a1.748 1.748 0 0 1 1.08 0Zm-.617 1.426-8.25 2.676a.249.249 0 0 0-.173.237V10c0 5.46 3.28 9.483 8.43 11.426a.199.199 0 0 0 .14 0C17.22 19.483 20.5 15.461 20.5 10V4.976a.25.25 0 0 0-.173-.237l-8.25-2.676a.253.253 0 0 0-.154 0Z"></path>
</svg>
      <div>
        <div class="color-fg-default h4">
          GitHub Advanced Security

        </div>

        Enterprise-grade security features
      </div>

    
</a></li>

                      <li>
  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description mb-lg-3" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;copilot_for_business&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;enterprise&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;copilot_for_business_link_enterprise_navbar&quot;}" href="/features/copilot/copilot-business">
      <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-copilot color-fg-subtle mr-3">
    <path d="M23.922 16.992c-.861 1.495-5.859 5.023-11.922 5.023-6.063 0-11.061-3.528-11.922-5.023A.641.641 0 0 1 0 16.736v-2.869a.841.841 0 0 1 .053-.22c.372-.935 1.347-2.292 2.605-2.656.167-.429.414-1.055.644-1.517a10.195 10.195 0 0 1-.052-1.086c0-1.331.282-2.499 1.132-3.368.397-.406.89-.717 1.474-.952 1.399-1.136 3.392-2.093 6.122-2.093 2.731 0 4.767.957 6.166 2.093.584.235 1.077.546 1.474.952.85.869 1.132 2.037 1.132 3.368 0 .368-.014.733-.052 1.086.23.462.477 1.088.644 1.517 1.258.364 2.233 1.721 2.605 2.656a.832.832 0 0 1 .053.22v2.869a.641.641 0 0 1-.078.256ZM12.172 11h-.344a4.323 4.323 0 0 1-.355.508C10.703 12.455 9.555 13 7.965 13c-1.725 0-2.989-.359-3.782-1.259a2.005 2.005 0 0 1-.085-.104L4 11.741v6.585c1.435.779 4.514 2.179 8 2.179 3.486 0 6.565-1.4 8-2.179v-6.585l-.098-.104s-.033.045-.085.104c-.793.9-2.057 1.259-3.782 1.259-1.59 0-2.738-.545-3.508-1.492a4.323 4.323 0 0 1-.355-.508h-.016.016Zm.641-2.935c.136 1.057.403 1.913.878 2.497.442.544 1.134.938 2.344.938 1.573 0 2.292-.337 2.657-.751.384-.435.558-1.15.558-2.361 0-1.14-.243-1.847-.705-2.319-.477-.488-1.319-.862-2.824-1.025-1.487-.161-2.192.138-2.533.529-.269.307-.437.808-.438 1.578v.021c0 .265.021.562.063.893Zm-1.626 0c.042-.331.063-.628.063-.894v-.02c-.001-.77-.169-1.271-.438-1.578-.341-.391-1.046-.69-2.533-.529-1.505.163-2.347.537-2.824 1.025-.462.472-.705 1.179-.705 2.319 0 1.211.175 1.926.558 2.361.365.414 1.084.751 2.657.751 1.21 0 1.902-.394 2.344-.938.475-.584.742-1.44.878-2.497Z"></path><path d="M14.5 14.25a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v2a1 1 0 0 1-2 0v-2a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Zm-5 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v2a1 1 0 0 1-2 0v-2a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z"></path>
</svg>
      <div>
        <div class="color-fg-default h4">
          Copilot for business

        </div>

        Enterprise-grade AI features
      </div>

    
</a></li>

                      <li>
  <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;premium_support&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;enterprise&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;premium_support_link_enterprise_navbar&quot;}" href="/premium-support">
      <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-comment-discussion color-fg-subtle mr-3">
    <path d="M1.75 1h12.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v9.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 14H8.061l-2.574 2.573A1.458 1.458 0 0 1 3 15.543V14H1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 12.25v-9.5C0 1.784.784 1 1.75 1ZM1.5 2.75v9.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v2.19l2.72-2.72a.749.749 0 0 1 .53-.22h6.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-9.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25H1.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25Z"></path><path d="M22.5 8.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25h-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h3.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v9.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 22.25 20H21v1.543a1.457 1.457 0 0 1-2.487 1.03L15.939 20H10.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 9 18.25v-1.465a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v1.465c0 .138.112.25.25.25h5.5a.75.75 0 0 1 .53.22l2.72 2.72v-2.19a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h2a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-9.5Z"></path>
</svg>
      <div>
        <div class="color-fg-default h4">
          Premium Support

        </div>

        Enterprise-grade 24/7 support
      </div>

    
</a></li>

                  </ul>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>

      </div>
</li>


                <li class="HeaderMenu-item position-relative flex-wrap flex-justify-between flex-items-center d-block d-lg-flex flex-lg-nowrap flex-lg-items-center js-details-container js-header-menu-item">
    <a class="HeaderMenu-link no-underline px-0 px-lg-2 py-3 py-lg-2 d-block d-lg-inline-block" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;platform&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;global&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;platform_link_global_navbar&quot;}" href="https://github.com/pricing">Pricing</a>
</li>

            </ul>
          </nav>

        <div class="d-flex flex-column flex-lg-row width-full flex-justify-end flex-lg-items-center text-center mt-3 mt-lg-0 text-lg-left ml-lg-3">
                


<qbsearch-input class="search-input" data-scope="repo:cplusplus/draft" data-custom-scopes-path="/search/custom_scopes" data-delete-custom-scopes-csrf="bxjLEEknZIAT5D6Dt3F0qWaDWb3kD2sOt7GbbVDz6dPwb7B_h4ctPqINTGSDTCnr4_Z1UvSt82RJfqaCW73QRQ" data-max-custom-scopes="10" data-header-redesign-enabled="false" data-initial-value="" data-blackbird-suggestions-path="/search/suggestions" data-jump-to-suggestions-path="/_graphql/GetSuggestedNavigationDestinations" data-current-repository="cplusplus/draft" data-current-org="cplusplus" data-current-owner="" data-logged-in="false" data-copilot-chat-enabled="false" data-nl-search-enabled="false" data-retain-scroll-position="true">
  <div
    class="search-input-container search-with-dialog position-relative d-flex flex-row flex-items-center mr-4 rounded"
    data-action="click:qbsearch-input#searchInputContainerClicked"
  >
      <button
        type="button"
        class="header-search-button placeholder  input-button form-control d-flex flex-1 flex-self-stretch flex-items-center no-wrap width-full py-0 pl-2 pr-0 text-left border-0 box-shadow-none"
        data-target="qbsearch-input.inputButton"
        aria-label="Search or jump to…"
        aria-haspopup="dialog"
        placeholder="Search or jump to..."
        data-hotkey=s,/
        autocapitalize="off"
        data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;searchbar&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;global&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;input&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;searchbar_input_global_navbar&quot;}"
        data-action="click:qbsearch-input#handleExpand"
      >
        <div class="mr-2 color-fg-muted">
          <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search">
    <path d="M10.68 11.74a6 6 0 0 1-7.922-8.982 6 6 0 0 1 8.982 7.922l3.04 3.04a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215ZM11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 1 0-8.997 0A4.499 4.499 0 0 0 11.5 7Z"></path>
</svg>
        </div>
        <span class="flex-1" data-target="qbsearch-input.inputButtonText">Search or jump to...</span>
          <div class="d-flex" data-target="qbsearch-input.hotkeyIndicator">
            <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="22" height="20" aria-hidden="true" class="mr-1"><path fill="none" stroke="#979A9C" opacity=".4" d="M3.5.5h12c1.7 0 3 1.3 3 3v13c0 1.7-1.3 3-3 3h-12c-1.7 0-3-1.3-3-3v-13c0-1.7 1.3-3 3-3z"></path><path fill="#979A9C" d="M11.8 6L8 15.1h-.9L10.8 6h1z"></path></svg>
          </div>
      </button>

    <input type="hidden" name="type" class="js-site-search-type-field">

    
<div class="Overlay--hidden " data-modal-dialog-overlay>
  <modal-dialog data-action="close:qbsearch-input#handleClose cancel:qbsearch-input#handleClose" data-target="qbsearch-input.searchSuggestionsDialog" role="dialog" id="search-suggestions-dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-labelledby="search-suggestions-dialog-header" data-view-component="true" class="Overlay Overlay--width-large Overlay--height-auto">
      <h1 id="search-suggestions-dialog-header" class="sr-only">Search code, repositories, users, issues, pull requests...</h1>
    <div class="Overlay-body Overlay-body--paddingNone">
      
          <div data-view-component="true">        <div class="search-suggestions position-fixed width-full color-shadow-large border color-fg-default color-bg-default overflow-hidden d-flex flex-column query-builder-container"
          style="border-radius: 12px;"
          data-target="qbsearch-input.queryBuilderContainer"
          hidden
        >
          <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form id="query-builder-test-form" action="" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get">
  <query-builder data-target="qbsearch-input.queryBuilder" id="query-builder-query-builder-test" data-filter-key=":" data-view-component="true" class="QueryBuilder search-query-builder">
    <div class="FormControl FormControl--fullWidth">
      <label id="query-builder-test-label" for="query-builder-test" class="FormControl-label sr-only">
        Search
      </label>
      <div
        class="QueryBuilder-StyledInput width-fit "
        data-target="query-builder.styledInput"
      >
          <span id="query-builder-test-leadingvisual-wrap" class="FormControl-input-leadingVisualWrap QueryBuilder-leadingVisualWrap">
            <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search FormControl-input-leadingVisual">
    <path d="M10.68 11.74a6 6 0 0 1-7.922-8.982 6 6 0 0 1 8.982 7.922l3.04 3.04a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215ZM11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 1 0-8.997 0A4.499 4.499 0 0 0 11.5 7Z"></path>
</svg>
          </span>
        <div data-target="query-builder.styledInputContainer" class="QueryBuilder-StyledInputContainer">
          <div
            aria-hidden="true"
            class="QueryBuilder-StyledInputContent"
            data-target="query-builder.styledInputContent"
          ></div>
          <div class="QueryBuilder-InputWrapper">
            <div aria-hidden="true" class="QueryBuilder-Sizer" data-target="query-builder.sizer"></div>
            <input id="query-builder-test" name="query-builder-test" value="" autocomplete="off" type="text" role="combobox" spellcheck="false" aria-expanded="false" aria-describedby="validation-f3fc4da9-25dc-4575-a5ab-d0fa621f5c6e" data-target="query-builder.input" data-action="
          input:query-builder#inputChange
          blur:query-builder#inputBlur
          keydown:query-builder#inputKeydown
          focus:query-builder#inputFocus
        " data-view-component="true" class="FormControl-input QueryBuilder-Input FormControl-medium" />
          </div>
        </div>
          <span class="sr-only" id="query-builder-test-clear">Clear</span>
          <button role="button" id="query-builder-test-clear-button" aria-labelledby="query-builder-test-clear query-builder-test-label" data-target="query-builder.clearButton" data-action="
                click:query-builder#clear
                focus:query-builder#clearButtonFocus
                blur:query-builder#clearButtonBlur
              " variant="small" hidden="hidden" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="Button Button--iconOnly Button--invisible Button--medium mr-1 px-2 py-0 d-flex flex-items-center rounded-1 color-fg-muted">  <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x-circle-fill Button-visual">
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</svg>
</button>

      </div>
      <template id="search-icon">
  <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-search">
    <path d="M10.68 11.74a6 6 0 0 1-7.922-8.982 6 6 0 0 1 8.982 7.922l3.04 3.04a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215ZM11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 1 0-8.997 0A4.499 4.499 0 0 0 11.5 7Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>

<template id="code-icon">
  <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-code">
    <path d="m11.28 3.22 4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.275-.326.749.749 0 0 1 .215-.734L13.94 8l-3.72-3.72a.749.749 0 0 1 .326-1.275.749.749 0 0 1 .734.215Zm-6.56 0a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042L2.06 8l3.72 3.72a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215L.47 8.53a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>

<template id="file-code-icon">
  <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-file-code">
    <path d="M4 1.75C4 .784 4.784 0 5.75 0h5.586c.464 0 .909.184 1.237.513l2.914 2.914c.329.328.513.773.513 1.237v8.586A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 15h-9a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h9a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25V6h-2.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 10 4.25V1.5H5.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v2.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0Zm1.72 4.97a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l2 2a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-2 2a.749.749 0 0 1-1.275-.326.749.749 0 0 1 .215-.734l1.47-1.47-1.47-1.47a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06ZM3.28 7.78 1.81 9.25l1.47 1.47a.751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018l-2-2a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06l2-2a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042Zm8.22-6.218V4.25c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2.688l-.011-.013-2.914-2.914-.013-.011Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>

<template id="history-icon">
  <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-history">
    <path d="m.427 1.927 1.215 1.215a8.002 8.002 0 1 1-1.6 5.685.75.75 0 1 1 1.493-.154 6.5 6.5 0 1 0 1.18-4.458l1.358 1.358A.25.25 0 0 1 3.896 6H.25A.25.25 0 0 1 0 5.75V2.104a.25.25 0 0 1 .427-.177ZM7.75 4a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v2.992l2.028.812a.75.75 0 0 1-.557 1.392l-2.5-1A.751.751 0 0 1 7 8.25v-3.5A.75.75 0 0 1 7.75 4Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>

<template id="repo-icon">
  <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo">
    <path d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 4.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 0 0-.714 1.7.75.75 0 1 1-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 0 1 2 11.5Zm10.5-1h-8a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v6.708A2.486 2.486 0 0 1 4.5 9h8ZM5 12.25a.25.25 0 0 1 .25-.25h3.5a.25.25 0 0 1 .25.25v3.25a.25.25 0 0 1-.4.2l-1.45-1.087a.249.249 0 0 0-.3 0L5.4 15.7a.25.25 0 0 1-.4-.2Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>

<template id="bookmark-icon">
  <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-bookmark">
    <path d="M3 2.75C3 1.784 3.784 1 4.75 1h6.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v11.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.227.579L8 11.722l-3.773 3.107A.751.751 0 0 1 3 14.25Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v9.91l3.023-2.489a.75.75 0 0 1 .954 0l3.023 2.49V2.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>

<template id="plus-circle-icon">
  <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-plus-circle">
    <path d="M8 0a8 8 0 1 1 0 16A8 8 0 0 1 8 0ZM1.5 8a6.5 6.5 0 1 0 13 0 6.5 6.5 0 0 0-13 0Zm7.25-3.25v2.5h2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-2.5v2.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0v-2.5h-2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h2.5v-2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>

<template id="circle-icon">
  <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-dot-fill">
    <path d="M8 4a4 4 0 1 1 0 8 4 4 0 0 1 0-8Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>

<template id="trash-icon">
  <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-trash">
    <path d="M11 1.75V3h2.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5H2.75a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5H5V1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h2.5C10.216 0 11 .784 11 1.75ZM4.496 6.675l.66 6.6a.25.25 0 0 0 .249.225h5.19a.25.25 0 0 0 .249-.225l.66-6.6a.75.75 0 0 1 1.492.149l-.66 6.6A1.748 1.748 0 0 1 10.595 15h-5.19a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.741-1.575l-.66-6.6a.75.75 0 1 1 1.492-.15ZM6.5 1.75V3h3V1.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25h-2.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>

<template id="team-icon">
  <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-people">
    <path d="M2 5.5a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 5.898 2.549 5.508 5.508 0 0 1 3.034 4.084.75.75 0 1 1-1.482.235 4 4 0 0 0-7.9 0 .75.75 0 0 1-1.482-.236A5.507 5.507 0 0 1 3.102 8.05 3.493 3.493 0 0 1 2 5.5ZM11 4a3.001 3.001 0 0 1 2.22 5.018 5.01 5.01 0 0 1 2.56 3.012.749.749 0 0 1-.885.954.752.752 0 0 1-.549-.514 3.507 3.507 0 0 0-2.522-2.372.75.75 0 0 1-.574-.73v-.352a.75.75 0 0 1 .416-.672A1.5 1.5 0 0 0 11 5.5.75.75 0 0 1 11 4Zm-5.5-.5a2 2 0 1 0-.001 3.999A2 2 0 0 0 5.5 3.5Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>

<template id="project-icon">
  <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-project">
    <path d="M1.75 0h12.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 16H1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 14.25V1.75C0 .784.784 0 1.75 0ZM1.5 1.75v12.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h12.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25V1.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25H1.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25ZM11.75 3a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v7.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0v-7.5a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75Zm-8.25.75a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v5.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0ZM8 3a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v3.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0v-3.5A.75.75 0 0 1 8 3Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>

<template id="pencil-icon">
  <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-pencil">
    <path d="M11.013 1.427a1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2.474 0l1.086 1.086a1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 2.474l-8.61 8.61c-.21.21-.47.364-.756.445l-3.251.93a.75.75 0 0 1-.927-.928l.929-3.25c.081-.286.235-.547.445-.758l8.61-8.61Zm.176 4.823L9.75 4.81l-6.286 6.287a.253.253 0 0 0-.064.108l-.558 1.953 1.953-.558a.253.253 0 0 0 .108-.064Zm1.238-3.763a.25.25 0 0 0-.354 0L10.811 3.75l1.439 1.44 1.263-1.263a.25.25 0 0 0 0-.354Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>

<template id="copilot-icon">
  <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-copilot">
    <path d="M7.998 15.035c-4.562 0-7.873-2.914-7.998-3.749V9.338c.085-.628.677-1.686 1.588-2.065.013-.07.024-.143.036-.218.029-.183.06-.384.126-.612-.201-.508-.254-1.084-.254-1.656 0-.87.128-1.769.693-2.484.579-.733 1.494-1.124 2.724-1.261 1.206-.134 2.262.034 2.944.765.05.053.096.108.139.165.044-.057.094-.112.143-.165.682-.731 1.738-.899 2.944-.765 1.23.137 2.145.528 2.724 1.261.566.715.693 1.614.693 2.484 0 .572-.053 1.148-.254 1.656.066.228.098.429.126.612.012.076.024.148.037.218.924.385 1.522 1.471 1.591 2.095v1.872c0 .766-3.351 3.795-8.002 3.795Zm0-1.485c2.28 0 4.584-1.11 5.002-1.433V7.862l-.023-.116c-.49.21-1.075.291-1.727.291-1.146 0-2.059-.327-2.71-.991A3.222 3.222 0 0 1 8 6.303a3.24 3.24 0 0 1-.544.743c-.65.664-1.563.991-2.71.991-.652 0-1.236-.081-1.727-.291l-.023.116v4.255c.419.323 2.722 1.433 5.002 1.433ZM6.762 2.83c-.193-.206-.637-.413-1.682-.297-1.019.113-1.479.404-1.713.7-.247.312-.369.789-.369 1.554 0 .793.129 1.171.308 1.371.162.181.519.379 1.442.379.853 0 1.339-.235 1.638-.54.315-.322.527-.827.617-1.553.117-.935-.037-1.395-.241-1.614Zm4.155-.297c-1.044-.116-1.488.091-1.681.297-.204.219-.359.679-.242 1.614.091.726.303 1.231.618 1.553.299.305.784.54 1.638.54.922 0 1.28-.198 1.442-.379.179-.2.308-.578.308-1.371 0-.765-.123-1.242-.37-1.554-.233-.296-.693-.587-1.713-.7Z"></path><path d="M6.25 9.037a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v1.501a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0V9.787a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75Zm4.25.75v1.501a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0V9.787a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>

<template id="copilot-error-icon">
  <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-copilot-error">
    <path d="M16 11.24c0 .112-.072.274-.21.467L13 9.688V7.862l-.023-.116c-.49.21-1.075.291-1.727.291-.198 0-.388-.009-.571-.029L6.833 5.226a4.01 4.01 0 0 0 .17-.782c.117-.935-.037-1.395-.241-1.614-.193-.206-.637-.413-1.682-.297-.683.076-1.115.231-1.395.415l-1.257-.91c.579-.564 1.413-.877 2.485-.996 1.206-.134 2.262.034 2.944.765.05.053.096.108.139.165.044-.057.094-.112.143-.165.682-.731 1.738-.899 2.944-.765 1.23.137 2.145.528 2.724 1.261.566.715.693 1.614.693 2.484 0 .572-.053 1.148-.254 1.656.066.228.098.429.126.612.012.076.024.148.037.218.924.385 1.522 1.471 1.591 2.095Zm-5.083-8.707c-1.044-.116-1.488.091-1.681.297-.204.219-.359.679-.242 1.614.091.726.303 1.231.618 1.553.299.305.784.54 1.638.54.922 0 1.28-.198 1.442-.379.179-.2.308-.578.308-1.371 0-.765-.123-1.242-.37-1.554-.233-.296-.693-.587-1.713-.7Zm2.511 11.074c-1.393.776-3.272 1.428-5.43 1.428-4.562 0-7.873-2.914-7.998-3.749V9.338c.085-.628.677-1.686 1.588-2.065.013-.07.024-.143.036-.218.029-.183.06-.384.126-.612-.18-.455-.241-.963-.252-1.475L.31 4.107A.747.747 0 0 1 0 3.509V3.49a.748.748 0 0 1 .625-.73c.156-.026.306.047.435.139l14.667 10.578a.592.592 0 0 1 .227.264.752.752 0 0 1 .046.249v.022a.75.75 0 0 1-1.19.596Zm-1.367-.991L5.635 7.964a5.128 5.128 0 0 1-.889.073c-.652 0-1.236-.081-1.727-.291l-.023.116v4.255c.419.323 2.722 1.433 5.002 1.433 1.539 0 3.089-.505 4.063-.934Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>

<template id="workflow-icon">
  <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-workflow">
    <path d="M0 1.75C0 .784.784 0 1.75 0h3.5C6.216 0 7 .784 7 1.75v3.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 5.25 7H4v4a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h4v-1.25C9 9.784 9.784 9 10.75 9h3.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v3.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 16h-3.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 9 14.25v-.75H5A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 2.5 11V7h-.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 5.25Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v3.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h3.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-3.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Zm9 9a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v3.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h3.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-3.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>

<template id="book-icon">
  <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-book">
    <path d="M0 1.75A.75.75 0 0 1 .75 1h4.253c1.227 0 2.317.59 3 1.501A3.743 3.743 0 0 1 11.006 1h4.245a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v10.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.75.75h-4.507a2.25 2.25 0 0 0-1.591.659l-.622.621a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0l-.622-.621A2.25 2.25 0 0 0 5.258 13H.75a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75Zm7.251 10.324.004-5.073-.002-2.253A2.25 2.25 0 0 0 5.003 2.5H1.5v9h3.757a3.75 3.75 0 0 1 1.994.574ZM8.755 4.75l-.004 7.322a3.752 3.752 0 0 1 1.992-.572H14.5v-9h-3.495a2.25 2.25 0 0 0-2.25 2.25Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>

<template id="code-review-icon">
  <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-code-review">
    <path d="M1.75 1h12.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 13H8.061l-2.574 2.573A1.458 1.458 0 0 1 3 14.543V13H1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 11.25v-8.5C0 1.784.784 1 1.75 1ZM1.5 2.75v8.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v2.19l2.72-2.72a.749.749 0 0 1 .53-.22h6.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-8.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25H1.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25Zm5.28 1.72a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06L5.31 7l1.47 1.47a.751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018l-2-2a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06l2-2a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0Zm2.44 0a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l2 2a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-2 2a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L10.69 7 9.22 5.53a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>

<template id="codespaces-icon">
  <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-codespaces">
    <path d="M0 11.25c0-.966.784-1.75 1.75-1.75h12.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v3A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 16H1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 14.25Zm2-9.5C2 .784 2.784 0 3.75 0h8.5C13.216 0 14 .784 14 1.75v5a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.75 1.75h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 6.75Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Zm-2 9.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v3c0 .138.112.25.25.25h12.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-3a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z"></path><path d="M7 12.75a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h4.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-4.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75Zm-4 0a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>

<template id="comment-icon">
  <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-comment">
    <path d="M1 2.75C1 1.784 1.784 1 2.75 1h10.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 13.25 12H9.06l-2.573 2.573A1.458 1.458 0 0 1 4 13.543V12H2.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 1 10.25Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v2.19l2.72-2.72a.749.749 0 0 1 .53-.22h4.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>

<template id="comment-discussion-icon">
  <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-comment-discussion">
    <path d="M1.75 1h8.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v5.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 10.25 10H7.061l-2.574 2.573A1.458 1.458 0 0 1 2 11.543V10h-.25A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 8.25v-5.5C0 1.784.784 1 1.75 1ZM1.5 2.75v5.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h1a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v2.19l2.72-2.72a.749.749 0 0 1 .53-.22h3.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-5.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25h-8.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25Zm13 2a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25h-.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v5.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 12H14v1.543a1.458 1.458 0 0 1-2.487 1.03L9.22 12.28a.749.749 0 0 1 .326-1.275.749.749 0 0 1 .734.215l2.22 2.22v-2.19a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h1a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>

<template id="organization-icon">
  <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-organization">
    <path d="M1.75 16A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 14.25V1.75C0 .784.784 0 1.75 0h8.5C11.216 0 12 .784 12 1.75v12.5c0 .085-.006.168-.018.25h2.268a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25V8.285a.25.25 0 0 0-.111-.208l-1.055-.703a.749.749 0 1 1 .832-1.248l1.055.703c.487.325.779.871.779 1.456v5.965A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 16h-3.5a.766.766 0 0 1-.197-.026c-.099.017-.2.026-.303.026h-3a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75V14h-1v1.25a.75.75 0 0 1-.75.75Zm-.25-1.75c0 .138.112.25.25.25H4v-1.25a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v1.25h2.25a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25V1.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25h-8.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25ZM3.75 6h.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5ZM3 3.75A.75.75 0 0 1 3.75 3h.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-.5A.75.75 0 0 1 3 3.75Zm4 3A.75.75 0 0 1 7.75 6h.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-.5A.75.75 0 0 1 7 6.75ZM7.75 3h.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5ZM3 9.75A.75.75 0 0 1 3.75 9h.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-.5A.75.75 0 0 1 3 9.75ZM7.75 9h.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>

<template id="rocket-icon">
  <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-rocket">
    <path d="M14.064 0h.186C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v.186a8.752 8.752 0 0 1-2.564 6.186l-.458.459c-.314.314-.641.616-.979.904v3.207c0 .608-.315 1.172-.833 1.49l-2.774 1.707a.749.749 0 0 1-1.11-.418l-.954-3.102a1.214 1.214 0 0 1-.145-.125L3.754 9.816a1.218 1.218 0 0 1-.124-.145L.528 8.717a.749.749 0 0 1-.418-1.11l1.71-2.774A1.748 1.748 0 0 1 3.31 4h3.204c.288-.338.59-.665.904-.979l.459-.458A8.749 8.749 0 0 1 14.064 0ZM8.938 3.623h-.002l-.458.458c-.76.76-1.437 1.598-2.02 2.5l-1.5 2.317 2.143 2.143 2.317-1.5c.902-.583 1.74-1.26 2.499-2.02l.459-.458a7.25 7.25 0 0 0 2.123-5.127V1.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25h-.186a7.249 7.249 0 0 0-5.125 2.123ZM3.56 14.56c-.732.732-2.334 1.045-3.005 1.148a.234.234 0 0 1-.201-.064.234.234 0 0 1-.064-.201c.103-.671.416-2.273 1.15-3.003a1.502 1.502 0 1 1 2.12 2.12Zm6.94-3.935c-.088.06-.177.118-.266.175l-2.35 1.521.548 1.783 1.949-1.2a.25.25 0 0 0 .119-.213ZM3.678 8.116 5.2 5.766c.058-.09.117-.178.176-.266H3.309a.25.25 0 0 0-.213.119l-1.2 1.95ZM12 5a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>

<template id="shield-check-icon">
  <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-shield-check">
    <path d="m8.533.133 5.25 1.68A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 15 3.48V7c0 1.566-.32 3.182-1.303 4.682-.983 1.498-2.585 2.813-5.032 3.855a1.697 1.697 0 0 1-1.33 0c-2.447-1.042-4.049-2.357-5.032-3.855C1.32 10.182 1 8.566 1 7V3.48a1.75 1.75 0 0 1 1.217-1.667l5.25-1.68a1.748 1.748 0 0 1 1.066 0Zm-.61 1.429.001.001-5.25 1.68a.251.251 0 0 0-.174.237V7c0 1.36.275 2.666 1.057 3.859.784 1.194 2.121 2.342 4.366 3.298a.196.196 0 0 0 .154 0c2.245-.957 3.582-2.103 4.366-3.297C13.225 9.666 13.5 8.358 13.5 7V3.48a.25.25 0 0 0-.174-.238l-5.25-1.68a.25.25 0 0 0-.153 0ZM11.28 6.28l-3.5 3.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0l-1.5-1.5a.749.749 0 0 1 .326-1.275.749.749 0 0 1 .734.215l.97.97 2.97-2.97a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>

<template id="heart-icon">
  <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-heart">
    <path d="m8 14.25.345.666a.75.75 0 0 1-.69 0l-.008-.004-.018-.01a7.152 7.152 0 0 1-.31-.17 22.055 22.055 0 0 1-3.434-2.414C2.045 10.731 0 8.35 0 5.5 0 2.836 2.086 1 4.25 1 5.797 1 7.153 1.802 8 3.02 8.847 1.802 10.203 1 11.75 1 13.914 1 16 2.836 16 5.5c0 2.85-2.045 5.231-3.885 6.818a22.066 22.066 0 0 1-3.744 2.584l-.018.01-.006.003h-.002ZM4.25 2.5c-1.336 0-2.75 1.164-2.75 3 0 2.15 1.58 4.144 3.365 5.682A20.58 20.58 0 0 0 8 13.393a20.58 20.58 0 0 0 3.135-2.211C12.92 9.644 14.5 7.65 14.5 5.5c0-1.836-1.414-3-2.75-3-1.373 0-2.609.986-3.029 2.456a.749.749 0 0 1-1.442 0C6.859 3.486 5.623 2.5 4.25 2.5Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>

<template id="server-icon">
  <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-server">
    <path d="M1.75 1h12.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v4c0 .372-.116.717-.314 1 .198.283.314.628.314 1v4a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.75 1.75H1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 12.75v-4c0-.358.109-.707.314-1a1.739 1.739 0 0 1-.314-1v-4C0 1.784.784 1 1.75 1ZM1.5 2.75v4c0 .138.112.25.25.25h12.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-4a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25H1.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25Zm.25 5.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v4c0 .138.112.25.25.25h12.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-4a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25ZM7 4.75A.75.75 0 0 1 7.75 4h4.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-4.5A.75.75 0 0 1 7 4.75ZM7.75 10h4.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-4.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5ZM3 4.75A.75.75 0 0 1 3.75 4h.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-.5A.75.75 0 0 1 3 4.75ZM3.75 10h.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>

<template id="globe-icon">
  <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-globe">
    <path d="M8 0a8 8 0 1 1 0 16A8 8 0 0 1 8 0ZM5.78 8.75a9.64 9.64 0 0 0 1.363 4.177c.255.426.542.832.857 1.215.245-.296.551-.705.857-1.215A9.64 9.64 0 0 0 10.22 8.75Zm4.44-1.5a9.64 9.64 0 0 0-1.363-4.177c-.307-.51-.612-.919-.857-1.215a9.927 9.927 0 0 0-.857 1.215A9.64 9.64 0 0 0 5.78 7.25Zm-5.944 1.5H1.543a6.507 6.507 0 0 0 4.666 5.5c-.123-.181-.24-.365-.352-.552-.715-1.192-1.437-2.874-1.581-4.948Zm-2.733-1.5h2.733c.144-2.074.866-3.756 1.58-4.948.12-.197.237-.381.353-.552a6.507 6.507 0 0 0-4.666 5.5Zm10.181 1.5c-.144 2.074-.866 3.756-1.58 4.948-.12.197-.237.381-.353.552a6.507 6.507 0 0 0 4.666-5.5Zm2.733-1.5a6.507 6.507 0 0 0-4.666-5.5c.123.181.24.365.353.552.714 1.192 1.436 2.874 1.58 4.948Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>

<template id="issue-opened-icon">
  <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-issue-opened">
    <path d="M8 9.5a1.5 1.5 0 1 0 0-3 1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 3Z"></path><path d="M8 0a8 8 0 1 1 0 16A8 8 0 0 1 8 0ZM1.5 8a6.5 6.5 0 1 0 13 0 6.5 6.5 0 0 0-13 0Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>

<template id="device-mobile-icon">
  <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-device-mobile">
    <path d="M3.75 0h8.5C13.216 0 14 .784 14 1.75v12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 12.25 16h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 14.25V1.75C2 .784 2.784 0 3.75 0ZM3.5 1.75v12.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25V1.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25h-8.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25ZM8 13a1 1 0 1 1 0-2 1 1 0 0 1 0 2Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>

<template id="package-icon">
  <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-package">
    <path d="m8.878.392 5.25 3.045c.54.314.872.89.872 1.514v6.098a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-.872 1.514l-5.25 3.045a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.756 0l-5.25-3.045A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 1 11.049V4.951c0-.624.332-1.201.872-1.514L7.122.392a1.75 1.75 0 0 1 1.756 0ZM7.875 1.69l-4.63 2.685L8 7.133l4.755-2.758-4.63-2.685a.248.248 0 0 0-.25 0ZM2.5 5.677v5.372c0 .09.047.171.125.216l4.625 2.683V8.432Zm6.25 8.271 4.625-2.683a.25.25 0 0 0 .125-.216V5.677L8.75 8.432Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>

<template id="credit-card-icon">
  <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-credit-card">
    <path d="M10.75 9a.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5h1.5a.75.75 0 0 0 0-1.5h-1.5Z"></path><path d="M0 3.75C0 2.784.784 2 1.75 2h12.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 14H1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 12.25ZM14.5 6.5h-13v5.75c0 .138.112.25.25.25h12.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25Zm0-2.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25H1.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25V5h13Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>

<template id="play-icon">
  <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-play">
    <path d="M8 0a8 8 0 1 1 0 16A8 8 0 0 1 8 0ZM1.5 8a6.5 6.5 0 1 0 13 0 6.5 6.5 0 0 0-13 0Zm4.879-2.773 4.264 2.559a.25.25 0 0 1 0 .428l-4.264 2.559A.25.25 0 0 1 6 10.559V5.442a.25.25 0 0 1 .379-.215Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>

<template id="gift-icon">
  <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-gift">
    <path d="M2 2.75A2.75 2.75 0 0 1 4.75 0c.983 0 1.873.42 2.57 1.232.268.318.497.668.68 1.042.183-.375.411-.725.68-1.044C9.376.42 10.266 0 11.25 0a2.75 2.75 0 0 1 2.45 4h.55c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v2c0 .698-.409 1.301-1 1.582v4.918A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 13.25 16H2.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 1 14.25V9.332C.409 9.05 0 8.448 0 7.75v-2C0 4.784.784 4 1.75 4h.55c-.192-.375-.3-.8-.3-1.25ZM7.25 9.5H2.5v4.75c0 .138.112.25.25.25h4.5Zm1.5 0v5h4.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25V9.5Zm0-4V8h5.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-2a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Zm-7 0a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v2c0 .138.112.25.25.25h5.5V5.5h-5.5Zm3-4a1.25 1.25 0 0 0 0 2.5h2.309c-.233-.818-.542-1.401-.878-1.793-.43-.502-.915-.707-1.431-.707ZM8.941 4h2.309a1.25 1.25 0 0 0 0-2.5c-.516 0-1 .205-1.43.707-.337.392-.646.975-.879 1.793Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>

<template id="code-square-icon">
  <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-code-square">
    <path d="M0 1.75C0 .784.784 0 1.75 0h12.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 16H1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 14.25Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v12.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h12.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25V1.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Zm7.47 3.97a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l2 2a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-2 2a.749.749 0 0 1-1.275-.326.749.749 0 0 1 .215-.734L10.69 8 9.22 6.53a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06ZM6.78 6.53 5.31 8l1.47 1.47a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215l-2-2a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06l2-2a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>

<template id="device-desktop-icon">
  <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-device-desktop">
    <path d="M14.25 1c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 12h-3.727c.099 1.041.52 1.872 1.292 2.757A.752.752 0 0 1 11.25 16h-6.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.565-1.243c.772-.885 1.192-1.716 1.292-2.757H1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 10.25v-7.5C0 1.784.784 1 1.75 1ZM1.75 2.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h12.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25ZM9.018 12H6.982a5.72 5.72 0 0 1-.765 2.5h3.566a5.72 5.72 0 0 1-.765-2.5Z"></path>
</svg>
</template>

        <div class="position-relative">
                <ul
                  role="listbox"
                  class="ActionListWrap QueryBuilder-ListWrap"
                  aria-label="Suggestions"
                  data-action="
                    combobox-commit:query-builder#comboboxCommit
                    mousedown:query-builder#resultsMousedown
                  "
                  data-target="query-builder.resultsList"
                  data-persist-list=false
                  id="query-builder-test-results"
                  tabindex="-1"
                ></ul>
        </div>
      <div class="FormControl-inlineValidation" id="validation-f3fc4da9-25dc-4575-a5ab-d0fa621f5c6e" hidden="hidden">
        <span class="FormControl-inlineValidation--visual">
          <svg aria-hidden="true" height="12" viewBox="0 0 12 12" version="1.1" width="12" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert-fill">
    <path d="M4.855.708c.5-.896 1.79-.896 2.29 0l4.675 8.351a1.312 1.312 0 0 1-1.146 1.954H1.33A1.313 1.313 0 0 1 .183 9.058ZM7 7V3H5v4Zm-1 3a1 1 0 1 0 0-2 1 1 0 0 0 0 2Z"></path>
</svg>
        </span>
        <span></span>
</div>    </div>
    <div data-target="query-builder.screenReaderFeedback" aria-live="polite" aria-atomic="true" class="sr-only"></div>
</query-builder></form>
          <div class="d-flex flex-row color-fg-muted px-3 text-small color-bg-default search-feedback-prompt">
            <a target="_blank" href="https://docs.github.com/search-github/github-code-search/understanding-github-code-search-syntax" data-view-component="true" class="Link color-fg-accent text-normal ml-2">Search syntax tips</a>            <div class="d-flex flex-1"></div>
          </div>
        </div>
</div>

    </div>
</modal-dialog></div>
  </div>
  <div data-action="click:qbsearch-input#retract" class="dark-backdrop position-fixed" hidden data-target="qbsearch-input.darkBackdrop"></div>
  <div class="color-fg-default">
    
<dialog-helper>
  <dialog data-target="qbsearch-input.feedbackDialog" data-action="close:qbsearch-input#handleDialogClose cancel:qbsearch-input#handleDialogClose" id="feedback-dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-labelledby="feedback-dialog-title" aria-describedby="feedback-dialog-description" data-view-component="true" class="Overlay Overlay-whenNarrow Overlay--size-medium Overlay--motion-scaleFade Overlay--disableScroll">
    <div data-view-component="true" class="Overlay-header">
  <div class="Overlay-headerContentWrap">
    <div class="Overlay-titleWrap">
      <h1 class="Overlay-title " id="feedback-dialog-title">
        Provide feedback
      </h1>
        
    </div>
    <div class="Overlay-actionWrap">
      <button data-close-dialog-id="feedback-dialog" aria-label="Close" aria-label="Close" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="close-button Overlay-closeButton"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x">
    <path d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.749.749 0 0 1 1.275.326.749.749 0 0 1-.215.734L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path>
</svg></button>
    </div>
  </div>
  
</div>
      <scrollable-region data-labelled-by="feedback-dialog-title">
        <div data-view-component="true" class="Overlay-body">        <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form id="code-search-feedback-form" data-turbo="false" action="/search/feedback" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" name="authenticity_token" value="p85yXo1XUIIswnd+JHbrmMSWDEX4BnqV4X9Y+bSb4Wd2USJ9s5mEfbC1e0qhmeVzxzJoX49yKLGYwyYFN3KwIg==" />
          <p>We read every piece of feedback, and take your input very seriously.</p>
          <textarea name="feedback" class="form-control width-full mb-2" style="height: 120px" id="feedback"></textarea>
          <input name="include_email" id="include_email" aria-label="Include my email address so I can be contacted" class="form-control mr-2" type="checkbox">
          <label for="include_email" style="font-weight: normal">Include my email address so I can be contacted</label>
</form></div>
      </scrollable-region>
      <div data-view-component="true" class="Overlay-footer Overlay-footer--alignEnd">          <button data-close-dialog-id="feedback-dialog" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="btn">    Cancel
</button>
          <button form="code-search-feedback-form" data-action="click:qbsearch-input#submitFeedback" type="submit" data-view-component="true" class="btn-primary btn">    Submit feedback
</button>
</div>
</dialog></dialog-helper>

    <custom-scopes data-target="qbsearch-input.customScopesManager">
    
<dialog-helper>
  <dialog data-target="custom-scopes.customScopesModalDialog" data-action="close:qbsearch-input#handleDialogClose cancel:qbsearch-input#handleDialogClose" id="custom-scopes-dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-labelledby="custom-scopes-dialog-title" aria-describedby="custom-scopes-dialog-description" data-view-component="true" class="Overlay Overlay-whenNarrow Overlay--size-medium Overlay--motion-scaleFade Overlay--disableScroll">
    <div data-view-component="true" class="Overlay-header Overlay-header--divided">
  <div class="Overlay-headerContentWrap">
    <div class="Overlay-titleWrap">
      <h1 class="Overlay-title " id="custom-scopes-dialog-title">
        Saved searches
      </h1>
        <h2 id="custom-scopes-dialog-description" class="Overlay-description">Use saved searches to filter your results more quickly</h2>
    </div>
    <div class="Overlay-actionWrap">
      <button data-close-dialog-id="custom-scopes-dialog" aria-label="Close" aria-label="Close" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="close-button Overlay-closeButton"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x">
    <path d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.749.749 0 0 1 1.275.326.749.749 0 0 1-.215.734L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path>
</svg></button>
    </div>
  </div>
  
</div>
      <scrollable-region data-labelled-by="custom-scopes-dialog-title">
        <div data-view-component="true" class="Overlay-body">        <div data-target="custom-scopes.customScopesModalDialogFlash"></div>

        <div hidden class="create-custom-scope-form" data-target="custom-scopes.createCustomScopeForm">
        <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form id="custom-scopes-dialog-form" data-turbo="false" action="/search/custom_scopes" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" name="authenticity_token" value="ATmea1Y0Auzw1khOpuZ2mjnZLKbzt1/n4IR2tmYPgUJfaCH9KGxvdE+6cXn+ENkSX1o5JSJxyItiM8Py8GQdPg==" />
          <div data-target="custom-scopes.customScopesModalDialogFlash"></div>

          <input type="hidden" id="custom_scope_id" name="custom_scope_id" data-target="custom-scopes.customScopesIdField">

          <div class="form-group">
            <label for="custom_scope_name">Name</label>
            <auto-check src="/search/custom_scopes/check_name" required>
              <input
                type="text"
                name="custom_scope_name"
                id="custom_scope_name"
                data-target="custom-scopes.customScopesNameField"
                class="form-control"
                autocomplete="off"
                placeholder="github-ruby"
                required
                maxlength="50">
              <input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" value="2QgBpRIRP3djtoW8clCJOOvitkyWvFItRxwX5AqTU0oB6ps6zbPRtRIG24fN9gaIfeA9QACWWWp6kNXUxCxSjw==" />
            </auto-check>
          </div>

          <div class="form-group">
            <label for="custom_scope_query">Query</label>
            <input
              type="text"
              name="custom_scope_query"
              id="custom_scope_query"
              data-target="custom-scopes.customScopesQueryField"
              class="form-control"
              autocomplete="off"
              placeholder="(repo:mona/a OR repo:mona/b) AND lang:python"
              required
              maxlength="500">
          </div>

          <p class="text-small color-fg-muted">
            To see all available qualifiers, see our <a class="Link--inTextBlock" href="https://docs.github.com/search-github/github-code-search/understanding-github-code-search-syntax">documentation</a>.
          </p>
</form>        </div>

        <div data-target="custom-scopes.manageCustomScopesForm">
          <div data-target="custom-scopes.list"></div>
        </div>

</div>
      </scrollable-region>
      <div data-view-component="true" class="Overlay-footer Overlay-footer--alignEnd Overlay-footer--divided">          <button data-action="click:custom-scopes#customScopesCancel" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="btn">    Cancel
</button>
          <button form="custom-scopes-dialog-form" data-action="click:custom-scopes#customScopesSubmit" data-target="custom-scopes.customScopesSubmitButton" type="submit" data-view-component="true" class="btn-primary btn">    Create saved search
</button>
</div>
</dialog></dialog-helper>
    </custom-scopes>
  </div>
</qbsearch-input>


            <div class="position-relative HeaderMenu-link-wrap d-lg-inline-block">
              <a
                href="/login?return_to=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fcplusplus%2Fdraft%2Fissues%2F7070"
                class="HeaderMenu-link HeaderMenu-link--sign-in HeaderMenu-button flex-shrink-0 no-underline d-none d-lg-inline-flex border border-lg-0 rounded px-2 py-1"
                style="margin-left: 12px;"
                data-hydro-click="{&quot;event_type&quot;:&quot;authentication.click&quot;,&quot;payload&quot;:{&quot;location_in_page&quot;:&quot;site header menu&quot;,&quot;repository_id&quot;:null,&quot;auth_type&quot;:&quot;SIGN_UP&quot;,&quot;originating_url&quot;:&quot;https://github.com/cplusplus/draft/issues/7070&quot;,&quot;user_id&quot;:null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="81d6f19345dedd3747315a4bb65de8f7845a9063201e127a70f193959c22a20b"
                data-analytics-event="{&quot;category&quot;:&quot;Marketing nav&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;click to go to homepage&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;ref_page:Marketing;ref_cta:Sign in;ref_loc:Header&quot;}"
              >
                Sign in
              </a>
            </div>

              <a href="/signup?ref_cta=Sign+up&amp;ref_loc=header+logged+out&amp;ref_page=%2F%3Cuser-name%3E%2F%3Crepo-name%3E%2Fvoltron%2Fissues_fragments%2Fissue_layout&amp;source=header-repo&amp;source_repo=cplusplus%2Fdraft"
                class="HeaderMenu-link HeaderMenu-link--sign-up HeaderMenu-button flex-shrink-0 d-flex d-lg-inline-flex no-underline border color-border-default rounded px-2 py-1"
                data-hydro-click="{&quot;event_type&quot;:&quot;authentication.click&quot;,&quot;payload&quot;:{&quot;location_in_page&quot;:&quot;site header menu&quot;,&quot;repository_id&quot;:null,&quot;auth_type&quot;:&quot;SIGN_UP&quot;,&quot;originating_url&quot;:&quot;https://github.com/cplusplus/draft/issues/7070&quot;,&quot;user_id&quot;:null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="81d6f19345dedd3747315a4bb65de8f7845a9063201e127a70f193959c22a20b"
                data-analytics-event="{&quot;category&quot;:&quot;Sign up&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;click to sign up for account&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;ref_page:/&lt;user-name&gt;/&lt;repo-name&gt;/voltron/issues_fragments/issue_layout;ref_cta:Sign up;ref_loc:header logged out&quot;}"
              >
                Sign up
              </a>

                <div class="AppHeader-appearanceSettings">
    <react-partial-anchor>
      <button data-target="react-partial-anchor.anchor" id="icon-button-33b6ef92-86b1-45b3-ab8b-cbabe485b037" aria-labelledby="tooltip-b4a371ac-8229-4567-ab47-22721b3d7e12" type="button" disabled="disabled" data-view-component="true" class="Button Button--iconOnly Button--invisible Button--medium AppHeader-button HeaderMenu-link border cursor-wait">  <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-sliders Button-visual">
    <path d="M15 2.75a.75.75 0 0 1-.75.75h-4a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h4a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75Zm-8.5.75v1.25a.75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0v-4a.75.75 0 0 0-1.5 0V2H1.75a.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5H6.5Zm1.25 5.25a.75.75 0 0 0 0-1.5h-6a.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5h6ZM15 8a.75.75 0 0 1-.75.75H11.5V10a.75.75 0 1 1-1.5 0V6a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v1.25h2.75A.75.75 0 0 1 15 8Zm-9 5.25v-2a.75.75 0 0 0-1.5 0v1.25H1.75a.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5H4.5v1.25a.75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0v-2Zm9 0a.75.75 0 0 1-.75.75h-6a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h6a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75Z"></path>
</svg>
</button><tool-tip id="tooltip-b4a371ac-8229-4567-ab47-22721b3d7e12" for="icon-button-33b6ef92-86b1-45b3-ab8b-cbabe485b037" popover="manual" data-direction="s" data-type="label" data-view-component="true" class="sr-only position-absolute">Appearance settings</tool-tip>

      <template data-target="react-partial-anchor.template">
        <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/appearance-settings.6c63a6de228d6520804d.module.css" />

<react-partial
  partial-name="appearance-settings"
  data-ssr="false"
  data-attempted-ssr="false"
  data-react-profiling="false"
>
  
  <script type="application/json" data-target="react-partial.embeddedData">{"props":{}}</script>
  <div data-target="react-partial.reactRoot"></div>
</react-partial>


      </template>
    </react-partial-anchor>
  </div>

          <button type="button" class="sr-only js-header-menu-focus-trap d-block d-lg-none">Resetting focus</button>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
</header>

      <div hidden="hidden" data-view-component="true" class="js-stale-session-flash stale-session-flash flash flash-warn flash-full">
  
        <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert">
    <path d="M6.457 1.047c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.543-2.575Zm1.763.707a.25.25 0 0 0-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 0 0 .22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 0 0 .22-.368Zm.53 3.996v2.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0v-2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0ZM9 11a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0Z"></path>
</svg>
        <span class="js-stale-session-flash-signed-in" hidden>You signed in with another tab or window. <a class="Link--inTextBlock" href="">Reload</a> to refresh your session.</span>
        <span class="js-stale-session-flash-signed-out" hidden>You signed out in another tab or window. <a class="Link--inTextBlock" href="">Reload</a> to refresh your session.</span>
        <span class="js-stale-session-flash-switched" hidden>You switched accounts on another tab or window. <a class="Link--inTextBlock" href="">Reload</a> to refresh your session.</span>

    <button id="icon-button-b47acee7-e3e3-4eba-8287-1483343296c7" aria-labelledby="tooltip-a61700c4-5ba9-4679-b4d7-259610b8f03e" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="Button Button--iconOnly Button--invisible Button--medium flash-close js-flash-close">  <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x Button-visual">
    <path d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.749.749 0 0 1 1.275.326.749.749 0 0 1-.215.734L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path>
</svg>
</button><tool-tip id="tooltip-a61700c4-5ba9-4679-b4d7-259610b8f03e" for="icon-button-b47acee7-e3e3-4eba-8287-1483343296c7" popover="manual" data-direction="s" data-type="label" data-view-component="true" class="sr-only position-absolute">Dismiss alert</tool-tip>


  
</div>
    </div>

  <div id="start-of-content" class="show-on-focus"></div>








    <div id="js-flash-container" class="flash-container" data-turbo-replace>




  <template class="js-flash-template">
    
<div class="flash flash-full   {{ className }}">
  <div >
    <button autofocus class="flash-close js-flash-close" type="button" aria-label="Dismiss this message">
      <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x">
    <path d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.749.749 0 0 1 1.275.326.749.749 0 0 1-.215.734L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path>
</svg>
    </button>
    <div aria-atomic="true" role="alert" class="js-flash-alert">
      
      <div>{{ message }}</div>

    </div>
  </div>
</div>
  </template>
</div>


    






  <div
    class="application-main "
    data-commit-hovercards-enabled
    data-discussion-hovercards-enabled
    data-issue-and-pr-hovercards-enabled
    data-project-hovercards-enabled
  >
        <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/SoftwareSourceCode" class="">
    <main id="js-repo-pjax-container" >
      
      
    

    






  
  <div id="repository-container-header"  class="pt-3 hide-full-screen" style="background-color: var(--page-header-bgColor, var(--color-page-header-bg));" data-turbo-replace>

      <div class="d-flex flex-nowrap flex-justify-end mb-3  px-3 px-lg-5" style="gap: 1rem;">

        <div class="flex-auto min-width-0 width-fit">
            
  <div class=" d-flex flex-wrap flex-items-center wb-break-word f3 text-normal">
      <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo color-fg-muted mr-2">
    <path d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 4.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 0 0-.714 1.7.75.75 0 1 1-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 0 1 2 11.5Zm10.5-1h-8a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v6.708A2.486 2.486 0 0 1 4.5 9h8ZM5 12.25a.25.25 0 0 1 .25-.25h3.5a.25.25 0 0 1 .25.25v3.25a.25.25 0 0 1-.4.2l-1.45-1.087a.249.249 0 0 0-.3 0L5.4 15.7a.25.25 0 0 1-.4-.2Z"></path>
</svg>
    
    <span class="author flex-self-stretch" itemprop="author">
      <a class="url fn" rel="author" data-hovercard-type="organization" data-hovercard-url="/orgs/cplusplus/hovercard" data-octo-click="hovercard-link-click" data-octo-dimensions="link_type:self" href="/cplusplus">
        cplusplus
</a>    </span>
    <span class="mx-1 flex-self-stretch color-fg-muted">/</span>
    <strong itemprop="name" class="mr-2 flex-self-stretch">
      <a data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container" data-turbo-frame="repo-content-turbo-frame" href="/cplusplus/draft">draft</a>
    </strong>

    <span></span><span class="Label Label--secondary v-align-middle mr-1">Public</span>
  </div>


        </div>

        <div id="repository-details-container" class="flex-shrink-0" data-turbo-replace style="max-width: 70%;">
            <ul class="pagehead-actions flex-shrink-0 d-none d-md-inline" style="padding: 2px 0;">
    
      

  <li>
            <a href="/login?return_to=%2Fcplusplus%2Fdraft" rel="nofollow" id="repository-details-watch-button" data-hydro-click="{&quot;event_type&quot;:&quot;authentication.click&quot;,&quot;payload&quot;:{&quot;location_in_page&quot;:&quot;notification subscription menu watch&quot;,&quot;repository_id&quot;:null,&quot;auth_type&quot;:&quot;LOG_IN&quot;,&quot;originating_url&quot;:&quot;https://github.com/cplusplus/draft/issues/7070&quot;,&quot;user_id&quot;:null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="d8ef319561994cad527efd0215ae2288ade01de19466d6700e5c004ae50b940f" aria-label="You must be signed in to change notification settings" data-view-component="true" class="btn-sm btn">    <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-bell mr-2">
    <path d="M8 16a2 2 0 0 0 1.985-1.75c.017-.137-.097-.25-.235-.25h-3.5c-.138 0-.252.113-.235.25A2 2 0 0 0 8 16ZM3 5a5 5 0 0 1 10 0v2.947c0 .05.015.098.042.139l1.703 2.555A1.519 1.519 0 0 1 13.482 13H2.518a1.516 1.516 0 0 1-1.263-2.36l1.703-2.554A.255.255 0 0 0 3 7.947Zm5-3.5A3.5 3.5 0 0 0 4.5 5v2.947c0 .346-.102.683-.294.97l-1.703 2.556a.017.017 0 0 0-.003.01l.001.006c0 .002.002.004.004.006l.006.004.007.001h10.964l.007-.001.006-.004.004-.006.001-.007a.017.017 0 0 0-.003-.01l-1.703-2.554a1.745 1.745 0 0 1-.294-.97V5A3.5 3.5 0 0 0 8 1.5Z"></path>
</svg>Notifications
</a>    <tool-tip id="tooltip-3c2d0acc-d4d1-4c30-b256-21a914bde635" for="repository-details-watch-button" popover="manual" data-direction="s" data-type="description" data-view-component="true" class="sr-only position-absolute">You must be signed in to change notification settings</tool-tip>

  </li>

  <li>
          <a icon="repo-forked" id="fork-button" href="/login?return_to=%2Fcplusplus%2Fdraft" rel="nofollow" data-hydro-click="{&quot;event_type&quot;:&quot;authentication.click&quot;,&quot;payload&quot;:{&quot;location_in_page&quot;:&quot;repo details fork button&quot;,&quot;repository_id&quot;:2216249,&quot;auth_type&quot;:&quot;LOG_IN&quot;,&quot;originating_url&quot;:&quot;https://github.com/cplusplus/draft/issues/7070&quot;,&quot;user_id&quot;:null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="48047f310fa35b0933bd5b6b39f421410ed49996013bf32708ac3093d5958539" data-view-component="true" class="btn-sm btn">    <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo-forked mr-2">
    <path d="M5 5.372v.878c0 .414.336.75.75.75h4.5a.75.75 0 0 0 .75-.75v-.878a2.25 2.25 0 1 1 1.5 0v.878a2.25 2.25 0 0 1-2.25 2.25h-1.5v2.128a2.251 2.251 0 1 1-1.5 0V8.5h-1.5A2.25 2.25 0 0 1 3.5 6.25v-.878a2.25 2.25 0 1 1 1.5 0ZM5 3.25a.75.75 0 1 0-1.5 0 .75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0Zm6.75.75a.75.75 0 1 0 0-1.5.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5Zm-3 8.75a.75.75 0 1 0-1.5 0 .75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0Z"></path>
</svg>Fork
    <span id="repo-network-counter" data-pjax-replace="true" data-turbo-replace="true" title="793" data-view-component="true" class="Counter">793</span>
</a>
  </li>

  <li>
        <div data-view-component="true" class="BtnGroup d-flex">
        <a href="/login?return_to=%2Fcplusplus%2Fdraft" rel="nofollow" data-hydro-click="{&quot;event_type&quot;:&quot;authentication.click&quot;,&quot;payload&quot;:{&quot;location_in_page&quot;:&quot;star button&quot;,&quot;repository_id&quot;:2216249,&quot;auth_type&quot;:&quot;LOG_IN&quot;,&quot;originating_url&quot;:&quot;https://github.com/cplusplus/draft/issues/7070&quot;,&quot;user_id&quot;:null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="c2429f59051b8ee40bf31981899bd2edd9e7c690e915dcb0f8c3d600346a8e8c" aria-label="You must be signed in to star a repository" data-view-component="true" class="tooltipped tooltipped-sw btn-sm btn">    <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-star v-align-text-bottom d-inline-block mr-2">
    <path d="M8 .25a.75.75 0 0 1 .673.418l1.882 3.815 4.21.612a.75.75 0 0 1 .416 1.279l-3.046 2.97.719 4.192a.751.751 0 0 1-1.088.791L8 12.347l-3.766 1.98a.75.75 0 0 1-1.088-.79l.72-4.194L.818 6.374a.75.75 0 0 1 .416-1.28l4.21-.611L7.327.668A.75.75 0 0 1 8 .25Zm0 2.445L6.615 5.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.564.41l-3.097.45 2.24 2.184a.75.75 0 0 1 .216.664l-.528 3.084 2.769-1.456a.75.75 0 0 1 .698 0l2.77 1.456-.53-3.084a.75.75 0 0 1 .216-.664l2.24-2.183-3.096-.45a.75.75 0 0 1-.564-.41L8 2.694Z"></path>
</svg><span data-view-component="true" class="d-inline">
          Star
</span>          <span id="repo-stars-counter-star" aria-label="5938 users starred this repository" data-singular-suffix="user starred this repository" data-plural-suffix="users starred this repository" data-turbo-replace="true" title="5,938" data-view-component="true" class="Counter js-social-count">5.9k</span>
</a></div>
  </li>

</ul>

        </div>
      </div>

        <div id="responsive-meta-container" data-turbo-replace>
</div>


          <nav data-pjax="#js-repo-pjax-container" aria-label="Repository" data-view-component="true" class="js-repo-nav js-sidenav-container-pjax js-responsive-underlinenav overflow-hidden UnderlineNav px-3 px-md-4 px-lg-5">

  <ul data-view-component="true" class="UnderlineNav-body list-style-none">
      <li data-view-component="true" class="d-inline-flex">
  <a id="code-tab" href="/cplusplus/draft" data-tab-item="i0code-tab" data-selected-links="repo_source repo_downloads repo_commits repo_releases repo_tags repo_branches repo_packages repo_deployments repo_attestations /cplusplus/draft" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container" data-turbo-frame="repo-content-turbo-frame" data-hotkey="g c" data-analytics-event="{&quot;category&quot;:&quot;Underline navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;Click tab&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;Code&quot;,&quot;target&quot;:&quot;UNDERLINE_NAV.TAB&quot;}" data-view-component="true" class="UnderlineNav-item no-wrap js-responsive-underlinenav-item js-selected-navigation-item">
    
              <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-code UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline">
    <path d="m11.28 3.22 4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.275-.326.749.749 0 0 1 .215-.734L13.94 8l-3.72-3.72a.749.749 0 0 1 .326-1.275.749.749 0 0 1 .734.215Zm-6.56 0a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042L2.06 8l3.72 3.72a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215L.47 8.53a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path>
</svg>
        <span data-content="Code">Code</span>
          <span id="code-repo-tab-count" data-pjax-replace="" data-turbo-replace="" title="Not available" data-view-component="true" class="Counter"></span>


    
</a></li>
      <li data-view-component="true" class="d-inline-flex">
  <a id="issues-tab" href="/cplusplus/draft/issues" data-tab-item="i1issues-tab" data-selected-links="repo_issues repo_labels repo_milestones /cplusplus/draft/issues" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container" data-turbo-frame="repo-content-turbo-frame" data-hotkey="g i" data-analytics-event="{&quot;category&quot;:&quot;Underline navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;Click tab&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;Issues&quot;,&quot;target&quot;:&quot;UNDERLINE_NAV.TAB&quot;}" aria-current="page" data-view-component="true" class="UnderlineNav-item no-wrap js-responsive-underlinenav-item js-selected-navigation-item selected">
    
              <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-issue-opened UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline">
    <path d="M8 9.5a1.5 1.5 0 1 0 0-3 1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 3Z"></path><path d="M8 0a8 8 0 1 1 0 16A8 8 0 0 1 8 0ZM1.5 8a6.5 6.5 0 1 0 13 0 6.5 6.5 0 0 0-13 0Z"></path>
</svg>
        <span data-content="Issues">Issues</span>
          <span id="issues-repo-tab-count" data-pjax-replace="" data-turbo-replace="" title="685" data-view-component="true" class="Counter">685</span>


    
</a></li>
      <li data-view-component="true" class="d-inline-flex">
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  <script type="application/json" data-target="react-app.embeddedData">{"payload":{"preloaded_records":{},"structured_data":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"DiscussionForumPosting","headline":"[meta.unary.prop] is_nothrow_* traits should be explicitly allowed to have strengthened results","articleBody":"Although not explicitly specified as [[res.on.exception.handling]/5](https://eel.is/c++draft/res.on.exception.handling#5), the wording \"is known not to throw any exceptions\" in the condition column in [[tab:meta.unary.prop]](https://eel.is/c++draft/tab:meta.unary.prop) for tratis `is_nothrow_constructible` and `is_nothrow_assignable` permits to have different results from the status of the fact no functions with non-throwing exception specification will be called in the operations; that is, operations with _Throws:_ in the semantics but no non-throwing exception specification can also be assumed non-throwing. However, the following \"([[expr.unary.noexcept]](https://eel.is/c++draft/expr.unary.noexcept))\" is quite confusing by suggesting this is all about the case of `noexcept-specification`. Such internal consistency should be resolved edtiorially, e.g. converting the link to a note.\r\n\r\nI believe this should be clarified editorially for various reasons (including some reasioning not so editiorial, though):\r\n\r\n* The current wording besides the link (which is not explicitly against it) is clear.\r\n\t* This somehow follows the spirit of the NAD treatment of [LWG 2116](https://cplusplus.github.io/LWG/issue2116) in [P2842](https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2023/p2842r0.pdf).\r\n* The suggested resolution (to change the potentionally misleading link) is clear.\r\n\t* No conformance rule will be changed to be more restrictive in this direction, and absolutely no current conforming implementations will be break.\r\n* The opposite direction (to disallow the strenghened results) is problematic.\r\n\t* The names containing `nothrow` instead of `noexcept`, so they should better avoid to tightly couple with `noexcept-specification`.\r\n\t* As mentioned in P2842, these traits predate `noexcept`. The history of renaming also indicates they are not coupled with `noexcept`.\r\n\t* There are risks of breaking some implementation already having the strenghened results in this context (although I have no instance).\r\n\r\nMoreover, I've encountered some real problems when such traits are strictly bound to `noexcept` results. Specifically, to eliminate [-Wnoexcept] warnings from G++, the missing of explicit (conditional) `noexcept-specification` on the constructors of standard library types like `std::pair` instances makes the work much harder, because the precise location for pragmas to ignore the warning is often difficult to identify when the cause is `std` types. To work around this, additional exception specification can be added in *every* suspicious call sites, like:\r\n\r\n```\r\nnamespace my\r\n{\r\ntemplate\u003ctypename T, typename... A\u003e\r\nstruct is_nothrow_constructible : std::is_nothrow_constructible\u003cT, A...\u003e\r\n{};\r\n// cv-qualified specializations here\r\ntemplate\u003ctypename T1, typename T2, typename A1, typename A2\u003e\r\nstruct is_nothrow_constructible\u003cstd::pair\u003cT1, T2\u003e, A1, A2\u003e : std::bool_constant\u003cstd::is_nothrow_constructible\u003cT1, A1\u003e::value \u0026\u0026 std::is_nothrow_constructible\u003cT2, A2\u003e::value\u003e\r\n{};\r\n}\r\n// more specializations can be added\r\n\r\nusing my::is_nothrow_constructible;;\r\n\r\ntemplate\u003ctypename T, typename... A\u003e\r\nvoid foo(...) noexcept(is_nothrow_constructible\u003cT, A...\u003e()) // exception specification added\r\n{}\r\n```\r\n\r\nThen `my::is_nothrow_constructible` is a drop-in replacement of `std::is_nothrow_constructible` in almost any practical case in user programs. (Actually this is a user-provided fix of the potential defect of the constructor of `std::pair`, since the missing `noexcept` is not for intentional use, esp. allowing reporting the failure of violation of narrow contracts.) However, before it is clarified that strenghened results are allowed in `std` trait, it will also be confusing in `namespace my`.  I can hardly come up with a better name in that case, plus replacing `is_nothrow_constructible` anywhere is far more horrible to just replacing `using std::is_nothrow_constructible;` by `using my::is_nothrow_constructible;`. (And surely I can't specialize `std::is_nothow_constructible` for `std::pair\u003clong, long\u003e`, as it is undefined behavior.)\r\n","author":{"url":"https://github.com/FrankHB","@type":"Person","name":"FrankHB"},"datePublished":"2024-06-18T16:58:09.000Z","interactionStatistic":{"@type":"InteractionCounter","interactionType":"https://schema.org/CommentAction","userInteractionCount":11},"url":"https://github.com/7070/draft/issues/7070"},"preloadedQueries":[{"queryId":"cee21fcf82c877ad153a2db35b36eb94","queryName":"IssueViewerViewQuery","variables":{"count":15,"id":"repository","number":7070,"owner":"cplusplus","repo":"draft"},"result":{"data":{"repository":{"isOwnerEnterpriseManaged":false,"issue":{"id":"I_kwDOACHROc6Mr3fJ","updatedAt":"2024-06-20T19:42:05Z","title":"[meta.unary.prop] is_nothrow_* traits should be explicitly allowed to have strengthened results","number":7070,"repository":{"nameWithOwner":"cplusplus/draft","id":"MDEwOlJlcG9zaXRvcnkyMjE2MjQ5","name":"draft","owner":{"__typename":"Organization","login":"cplusplus","id":"MDEyOk9yZ2FuaXphdGlvbjU5Mjc2","url":"https://github.com/cplusplus","databaseId":59276},"isArchived":false,"isPrivate":false,"databaseId":2216249,"slashCommandsEnabled":false,"visibility":"PUBLIC","viewerCanPush":false,"viewerCanInteract":false,"viewerInteractionLimitReasonHTML":"","planFeatures":{"maximumAssignees":10},"isCopilotAgentEnabled":null,"pinnedIssues":{"totalCount":0},"viewerCanPinIssues":false,"viewerIssueCreationPermissions":{"triageable":false},"issueTypes":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"IT_kwDN54zOAAFvmw"}},{"node":{"id":"IT_kwDN54zOAAFvnQ"}},{"node":{"id":"IT_kwDN54zOAAFvog"}}]}},"titleHTML":"[meta.unary.prop] is_nothrow_* traits should be explicitly allowed to have strengthened results","url":"https://github.com/cplusplus/draft/issues/7070","viewerCanUpdateNext":false,"issueType":null,"state":"CLOSED","stateReason":"COMPLETED","duplicateOf":null,"linkedPullRequests":{"nodes":[]},"subIssuesSummary":{"total":0,"completed":0},"__isLabelable":"Issue","labels":{"edges":[],"pageInfo":{"endCursor":null,"hasNextPage":false}},"__isNode":"Issue","assignedActors":{"nodes":[]},"milestone":null,"databaseId":2360309705,"viewerDidAuthor":false,"locked":false,"author":{"__typename":"User","__isActor":"User","login":"FrankHB","id":"MDQ6VXNlcjE4NTc2NDc=","profileUrl":"https://github.com/FrankHB","avatarUrl":"https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1857647?u=c66137ae3d952e6a247e21bfee5766a6d2b6e532\u0026v=4"},"__isComment":"Issue","body":"Although not explicitly specified as [[res.on.exception.handling]/5](https://eel.is/c++draft/res.on.exception.handling#5), the wording \"is known not to throw any exceptions\" in the condition column in [[tab:meta.unary.prop]](https://eel.is/c++draft/tab:meta.unary.prop) for tratis `is_nothrow_constructible` and `is_nothrow_assignable` permits to have different results from the status of the fact no functions with non-throwing exception specification will be called in the operations; that is, operations with _Throws:_ in the semantics but no non-throwing exception specification can also be assumed non-throwing. However, the following \"([[expr.unary.noexcept]](https://eel.is/c++draft/expr.unary.noexcept))\" is quite confusing by suggesting this is all about the case of `noexcept-specification`. Such internal consistency should be resolved edtiorially, e.g. converting the link to a note.\r\n\r\nI believe this should be clarified editorially for various reasons (including some reasioning not so editiorial, though):\r\n\r\n* The current wording besides the link (which is not explicitly against it) is clear.\r\n\t* This somehow follows the spirit of the NAD treatment of [LWG 2116](https://cplusplus.github.io/LWG/issue2116) in [P2842](https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2023/p2842r0.pdf).\r\n* The suggested resolution (to change the potentionally misleading link) is clear.\r\n\t* No conformance rule will be changed to be more restrictive in this direction, and absolutely no current conforming implementations will be break.\r\n* The opposite direction (to disallow the strenghened results) is problematic.\r\n\t* The names containing `nothrow` instead of `noexcept`, so they should better avoid to tightly couple with `noexcept-specification`.\r\n\t* As mentioned in P2842, these traits predate `noexcept`. The history of renaming also indicates they are not coupled with `noexcept`.\r\n\t* There are risks of breaking some implementation already having the strenghened results in this context (although I have no instance).\r\n\r\nMoreover, I've encountered some real problems when such traits are strictly bound to `noexcept` results. Specifically, to eliminate [-Wnoexcept] warnings from G++, the missing of explicit (conditional) `noexcept-specification` on the constructors of standard library types like `std::pair` instances makes the work much harder, because the precise location for pragmas to ignore the warning is often difficult to identify when the cause is `std` types. To work around this, additional exception specification can be added in *every* suspicious call sites, like:\r\n\r\n```\r\nnamespace my\r\n{\r\ntemplate\u003ctypename T, typename... A\u003e\r\nstruct is_nothrow_constructible : std::is_nothrow_constructible\u003cT, A...\u003e\r\n{};\r\n// cv-qualified specializations here\r\ntemplate\u003ctypename T1, typename T2, typename A1, typename A2\u003e\r\nstruct is_nothrow_constructible\u003cstd::pair\u003cT1, T2\u003e, A1, A2\u003e : std::bool_constant\u003cstd::is_nothrow_constructible\u003cT1, A1\u003e::value \u0026\u0026 std::is_nothrow_constructible\u003cT2, A2\u003e::value\u003e\r\n{};\r\n}\r\n// more specializations can be added\r\n\r\nusing my::is_nothrow_constructible;;\r\n\r\ntemplate\u003ctypename T, typename... A\u003e\r\nvoid foo(...) noexcept(is_nothrow_constructible\u003cT, A...\u003e()) // exception specification added\r\n{}\r\n```\r\n\r\nThen `my::is_nothrow_constructible` is a drop-in replacement of `std::is_nothrow_constructible` in almost any practical case in user programs. (Actually this is a user-provided fix of the potential defect of the constructor of `std::pair`, since the missing `noexcept` is not for intentional use, esp. allowing reporting the failure of violation of narrow contracts.) However, before it is clarified that strenghened results are allowed in `std` trait, it will also be confusing in `namespace my`.  I can hardly come up with a better name in that case, plus replacing `is_nothrow_constructible` anywhere is far more horrible to just replacing `using std::is_nothrow_constructible;` by `using my::is_nothrow_constructible;`. (And surely I can't specialize `std::is_nothow_constructible` for `std::pair\u003clong, long\u003e`, as it is undefined behavior.)\r\n","bodyHTML":"\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAlthough not explicitly specified as \u003ca href=\"https://eel.is/c++draft/res.on.exception.handling#5\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e[res.on.exception.handling]/5\u003c/a\u003e, the wording \"is known not to throw any exceptions\" in the condition column in \u003ca href=\"https://eel.is/c++draft/tab:meta.unary.prop\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e[tab:meta.unary.prop]\u003c/a\u003e for tratis \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003eis_nothrow_constructible\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003eis_nothrow_assignable\u003c/code\u003e permits to have different results from the status of the fact no functions with non-throwing exception specification will be called in the operations; that is, operations with \u003cem\u003eThrows:\u003c/em\u003e in the semantics but no non-throwing exception specification can also be assumed non-throwing. However, the following \"(\u003ca href=\"https://eel.is/c++draft/expr.unary.noexcept\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e[expr.unary.noexcept]\u003c/a\u003e)\" is quite confusing by suggesting this is all about the case of \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003enoexcept-specification\u003c/code\u003e. Such internal consistency should be resolved edtiorially, e.g. converting the link to a note.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eI believe this should be clarified editorially for various reasons (including some reasioning not so editiorial, though):\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe current wording besides the link (which is not explicitly against it) is clear.\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThis somehow follows the spirit of the NAD treatment of \u003ca href=\"https://cplusplus.github.io/LWG/issue2116\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eLWG 2116\u003c/a\u003e in \u003ca href=\"https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2023/p2842r0.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eP2842\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe suggested resolution (to change the potentionally misleading link) is clear.\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNo conformance rule will be changed to be more restrictive in this direction, and absolutely no current conforming implementations will be break.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe opposite direction (to disallow the strenghened results) is problematic.\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe names containing \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003enothrow\u003c/code\u003e instead of \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003enoexcept\u003c/code\u003e, so they should better avoid to tightly couple with \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003enoexcept-specification\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAs mentioned in P2842, these traits predate \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003enoexcept\u003c/code\u003e. The history of renaming also indicates they are not coupled with \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003enoexcept\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThere are risks of breaking some implementation already having the strenghened results in this context (although I have no instance).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eMoreover, I've encountered some real problems when such traits are strictly bound to \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003enoexcept\u003c/code\u003e results. Specifically, to eliminate [-Wnoexcept] warnings from G++, the missing of explicit (conditional) \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003enoexcept-specification\u003c/code\u003e on the constructors of standard library types like \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003estd::pair\u003c/code\u003e instances makes the work much harder, because the precise location for pragmas to ignore the warning is often difficult to identify when the cause is \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003estd\u003c/code\u003e types. To work around this, additional exception specification can be added in \u003cem\u003eevery\u003c/em\u003e suspicious call sites, like:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"namespace my\n{\ntemplate\u0026lt;typename T, typename... A\u0026gt;\nstruct is_nothrow_constructible : std::is_nothrow_constructible\u0026lt;T, A...\u0026gt;\n{};\n// cv-qualified specializations here\ntemplate\u0026lt;typename T1, typename T2, typename A1, typename A2\u0026gt;\nstruct is_nothrow_constructible\u0026lt;std::pair\u0026lt;T1, T2\u0026gt;, A1, A2\u0026gt; : std::bool_constant\u0026lt;std::is_nothrow_constructible\u0026lt;T1, A1\u0026gt;::value \u0026amp;\u0026amp; std::is_nothrow_constructible\u0026lt;T2, A2\u0026gt;::value\u0026gt;\n{};\n}\n// more specializations can be added\n\nusing my::is_nothrow_constructible;;\n\ntemplate\u0026lt;typename T, typename... A\u0026gt;\nvoid foo(...) noexcept(is_nothrow_constructible\u0026lt;T, A...\u0026gt;()) // exception specification added\n{}\"\u003e\u003cpre class=\"notranslate\"\u003e\u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003enamespace my\n{\ntemplate\u0026lt;typename T, typename... A\u0026gt;\nstruct is_nothrow_constructible : std::is_nothrow_constructible\u0026lt;T, A...\u0026gt;\n{};\n// cv-qualified specializations here\ntemplate\u0026lt;typename T1, typename T2, typename A1, typename A2\u0026gt;\nstruct is_nothrow_constructible\u0026lt;std::pair\u0026lt;T1, T2\u0026gt;, A1, A2\u0026gt; : std::bool_constant\u0026lt;std::is_nothrow_constructible\u0026lt;T1, A1\u0026gt;::value \u0026amp;\u0026amp; std::is_nothrow_constructible\u0026lt;T2, A2\u0026gt;::value\u0026gt;\n{};\n}\n// more specializations can be added\n\nusing my::is_nothrow_constructible;;\n\ntemplate\u0026lt;typename T, typename... A\u0026gt;\nvoid foo(...) noexcept(is_nothrow_constructible\u0026lt;T, A...\u0026gt;()) // exception specification added\n{}\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThen \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003emy::is_nothrow_constructible\u003c/code\u003e is a drop-in replacement of \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003estd::is_nothrow_constructible\u003c/code\u003e in almost any practical case in user programs. (Actually this is a user-provided fix of the potential defect of the constructor of \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003estd::pair\u003c/code\u003e, since the missing \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003enoexcept\u003c/code\u003e is not for intentional use, esp. allowing reporting the failure of violation of narrow contracts.) However, before it is clarified that strenghened results are allowed in \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003estd\u003c/code\u003e trait, it will also be confusing in \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003enamespace my\u003c/code\u003e.  I can hardly come up with a better name in that case, plus replacing \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003eis_nothrow_constructible\u003c/code\u003e anywhere is far more horrible to just replacing \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003eusing std::is_nothrow_constructible;\u003c/code\u003e by \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003eusing my::is_nothrow_constructible;\u003c/code\u003e. (And surely I can't specialize \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003estd::is_nothow_constructible\u003c/code\u003e for \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003estd::pair\u0026lt;long, long\u0026gt;\u003c/code\u003e, as it is undefined behavior.)\u003c/p\u003e","bodyVersion":"8b48469de1e3c17f143ff8d82c5ab6ec7603dbc31935bb6f152f593c6328db12","createdAt":"2024-06-18T16:58:09Z","__isReactable":"Issue","reactionGroups":[{"content":"THUMBS_UP","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"THUMBS_DOWN","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"LAUGH","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"HOORAY","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"CONFUSED","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"HEART","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"ROCKET","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"EYES","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}}],"viewerCanUpdateMetadata":false,"viewerCanComment":false,"viewerCanAssign":false,"viewerCanLabel":false,"__isIssueOrPullRequest":"Issue","projectItemsNext":{"edges":[],"pageInfo":{"endCursor":null,"hasNextPage":false}},"viewerCanSetMilestone":false,"isPinned":false,"viewerCanDelete":false,"viewerCanTransfer":false,"viewerCanConvertToDiscussion":false,"viewerCanLock":false,"viewerCanType":false,"viewerCanSetFields":false,"issueFieldValues":{"nodes":[]},"frontTimelineItems":{"pageInfo":{"hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":"Y3Vyc29yOnYyOpPPAAABkDcrosgBqzEzMjMzNzA2MDAx"},"totalCount":13,"edges":[{"node":{"__typename":"IssueComment","__isIssueTimelineItems":"IssueComment","databaseId":2176752072,"viewerDidAuthor":false,"issue":{"author":{"__typename":"User","login":"FrankHB","id":"MDQ6VXNlcjE4NTc2NDc="},"id":"I_kwDOACHROc6Mr3fJ","number":7070,"locked":false,"databaseId":2360309705},"author":{"__typename":"User","login":"jwakely","avatarUrl":"https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1254480?v=4","profileUrl":"https://github.com/jwakely","id":"MDQ6VXNlcjEyNTQ0ODA="},"id":"IC_kwDOACHROc6BvpnI","body":"It's unclear whether you're just suggesting to remove the \"([expr.unary.noexcept])\" cross-reference, or requesting a policy change/clarification which would certainly not be editorial.\r\n\r\nIf gcc's -Wnoexcept causes something like a false positive (or a true positive that the user can't do anything about) then that's entirely QoI and not an issue with the standard.\r\n\r\n","bodyHTML":"\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIt's unclear whether you're just suggesting to remove the \"([expr.unary.noexcept])\" cross-reference, or requesting a policy change/clarification which would certainly not be editorial.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIf gcc's -Wnoexcept causes something like a false positive (or a true positive that the user can't do anything about) then that's entirely QoI and not an issue with the standard.\u003c/p\u003e","bodyVersion":"c88e31f555816ece8c6428d6297f75951727e8ff5e1f5271dadfa64765a54c46","viewerCanUpdate":false,"url":"https://github.com/cplusplus/draft/issues/7070#issuecomment-2176752072","createdAt":"2024-06-18T18:52:30Z","authorAssociation":"MEMBER","viewerCanDelete":false,"viewerCanMinimize":false,"viewerCanUnminimize":false,"viewerCanReport":false,"viewerCanReportToMaintainer":false,"viewerCanBlockFromOrg":false,"viewerCanUnblockFromOrg":false,"viaApp":null,"isHidden":false,"minimizedReason":null,"showSpammyBadge":false,"createdViaEmail":false,"authorToRepoOwnerSponsorship":null,"repository":{"id":"MDEwOlJlcG9zaXRvcnkyMjE2MjQ5","name":"draft","owner":{"__typename":"Organization","id":"MDEyOk9yZ2FuaXphdGlvbjU5Mjc2","login":"cplusplus","url":"https://github.com/cplusplus"},"isPrivate":false,"slashCommandsEnabled":false,"nameWithOwner":"cplusplus/draft","databaseId":2216249},"__isComment":"IssueComment","viewerCanReadUserContentEdits":true,"lastEditedAt":null,"lastUserContentEdit":null,"__isReactable":"IssueComment","reactionGroups":[{"content":"THUMBS_UP","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"THUMBS_DOWN","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"LAUGH","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"HOORAY","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"CONFUSED","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"HEART","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"ROCKET","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"EYES","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}}],"__isNode":"IssueComment"},"cursor":"Y3Vyc29yOnYyOpPPAAABkCyxhbAAqjIxNzY3NTIwNzI="},{"node":{"__typename":"RenamedTitleEvent","__isIssueTimelineItems":"RenamedTitleEvent","__isTimelineEvent":"RenamedTitleEvent","databaseId":13209617848,"createdAt":"2024-06-19T04:25:26Z","actor":{"__typename":"User","login":"FrankHB","id":"MDQ6VXNlcjE4NTc2NDc=","__isActor":"User","avatarUrl":"https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1857647?s=64\u0026u=c66137ae3d952e6a247e21bfee5766a6d2b6e532\u0026v=4","profileResourcePath":"/FrankHB"},"currentTitle":"[meta.unary.prop] is_nothrow_* traits should be explicitly allowed to have strengthened results","previousTitle":"[meta.unary.prop] Are is_nothrow_* traits allowed to have strengthened results? ","__isNode":"RenamedTitleEvent","id":"RTE_lADOACHROc6Mr3fJzwAAAAMTWsW4"},"cursor":"Y3Vyc29yOnYyOpPPAAABkC6-DvABqzEzMjA5NjE3ODQ4"},{"node":{"__typename":"IssueComment","__isIssueTimelineItems":"IssueComment","databaseId":2177651525,"viewerDidAuthor":false,"issue":{"author":{"__typename":"User","login":"FrankHB","id":"MDQ6VXNlcjE4NTc2NDc="},"id":"I_kwDOACHROc6Mr3fJ","number":7070,"locked":false,"databaseId":2360309705},"author":{"__typename":"User","login":"FrankHB","avatarUrl":"https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1857647?u=c66137ae3d952e6a247e21bfee5766a6d2b6e532\u0026v=4","profileUrl":"https://github.com/FrankHB","id":"MDQ6VXNlcjE4NTc2NDc="},"id":"IC_kwDOACHROc6BzFNF","body":"OK, let me clarify:\r\n\r\nI suggest to replace \"([expr.unary.noexcept])\" to a note like:\r\n\r\n\"[Note X: Knowing not to throw any exceptions is implied by the fact that no functions having potentially-throwing exception specification ([except.spec]) are called. It can also be implied by the restrictions on implementations ([res.on.exception.handling]) or other cases when the implementation can ensure that no evluation can exit via exception.]\"\r\n\r\n(Editorial note: the note should be resued for different traits. Not sure it is directly fit in the table.)\r\n\r\nThe wording above is tweaked so cases besides _Throws_ in [res.on.exception.handling] (like C functions) and implementation-specific cases are also honored.\r\n\r\nRefreshed reasons are presented below.\r\n\r\nI think this should be fixed, because:\r\n\r\n* The traits, by the names and meaning, in historical and current interests, should not depend on `noexcept` directly (as \"([expr.unary.noexcept])\" suggested), which is misleading.\r\n* It should be safe to decouple from `noexcept` to ease mental work of maintaince, esp. the complicated library policies of `noexcept` [WIP](https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2024/p3085r2.html), which focuses on essentially different things.\r\n\r\nI think this editorial fix is way better to treating it a defect, for:\r\n\r\n* It does not need to concern changes on the normative text, and no current implementations are required to change.\r\n* It embodies a legimate implementation option previously easily neglected. I believe this is an appropriate use case of a note.\r\n\r\nPlus I'm reluctant to present an LWG issue with proposed NAD/NAD editorial resolution in the first turn. This GitHub issue is exactly the first turn to gather differing opinions. If WG21 think it necessary to have a policy clarification effective on the normative rules (e.g. to emphasize the differences of mandatory status between `noexcept` and other conditions within an explicit style like [res.on.exception.handling], or to require these optional conditions as implementation-defined), then it is proper to convert this issue to an LWG issue. The original title of this issue can be used.\r\n\r\nThe remained problems on -Wnoexcept is the background, not the problems composing the suggested editorial issue. Yes, they are not about the standard; they are about QoI on libstdc++ (not having strengthened `noexcept-specification` like libc++ and Microsoft STL), and/or on the g++ frontend (bug: failing to respect `#pragma GCC system_header` to suppress the warning; enhancement: compiler intrinsic to make improvement of QoI of `std::is_nothrow_*` even `noexcept` is totally missing). However, the treatment of this issue may have effect on the judgement about these GCC QoI issues, in particular, the enhancement part of the frontend.\r\n","bodyHTML":"\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eOK, let me clarify:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eI suggest to replace \"([expr.unary.noexcept])\" to a note like:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\"[Note X: Knowing not to throw any exceptions is implied by the fact that no functions having potentially-throwing exception specification ([except.spec]) are called. It can also be implied by the restrictions on implementations ([res.on.exception.handling]) or other cases when the implementation can ensure that no evluation can exit via exception.]\"\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e(Editorial note: the note should be resued for different traits. Not sure it is directly fit in the table.)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe wording above is tweaked so cases besides \u003cem\u003eThrows\u003c/em\u003e in [res.on.exception.handling] (like C functions) and implementation-specific cases are also honored.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eRefreshed reasons are presented below.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eI think this should be fixed, because:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe traits, by the names and meaning, in historical and current interests, should not depend on \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003enoexcept\u003c/code\u003e directly (as \"([expr.unary.noexcept])\" suggested), which is misleading.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIt should be safe to decouple from \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003enoexcept\u003c/code\u003e to ease mental work of maintaince, esp. the complicated library policies of \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003enoexcept\u003c/code\u003e \u003ca href=\"https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2024/p3085r2.html\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eWIP\u003c/a\u003e, which focuses on essentially different things.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eI think this editorial fix is way better to treating it a defect, for:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIt does not need to concern changes on the normative text, and no current implementations are required to change.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIt embodies a legimate implementation option previously easily neglected. I believe this is an appropriate use case of a note.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003ePlus I'm reluctant to present an LWG issue with proposed NAD/NAD editorial resolution in the first turn. This GitHub issue is exactly the first turn to gather differing opinions. If WG21 think it necessary to have a policy clarification effective on the normative rules (e.g. to emphasize the differences of mandatory status between \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003enoexcept\u003c/code\u003e and other conditions within an explicit style like [res.on.exception.handling], or to require these optional conditions as implementation-defined), then it is proper to convert this issue to an LWG issue. The original title of this issue can be used.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe remained problems on -Wnoexcept is the background, not the problems composing the suggested editorial issue. Yes, they are not about the standard; they are about QoI on libstdc++ (not having strengthened \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003enoexcept-specification\u003c/code\u003e like libc++ and Microsoft STL), and/or on the g++ frontend (bug: failing to respect \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003e#pragma GCC system_header\u003c/code\u003e to suppress the warning; enhancement: compiler intrinsic to make improvement of QoI of \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003estd::is_nothrow_*\u003c/code\u003e even \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003enoexcept\u003c/code\u003e is totally missing). However, the treatment of this issue may have effect on the judgement about these GCC QoI issues, in particular, the enhancement part of the frontend.\u003c/p\u003e","bodyVersion":"f80be0e79120c8d22ce15226915b7f5a47db8badd43377bab809cdd4094f599a","viewerCanUpdate":false,"url":"https://github.com/cplusplus/draft/issues/7070#issuecomment-2177651525","createdAt":"2024-06-19T04:25:38Z","authorAssociation":"CONTRIBUTOR","viewerCanDelete":false,"viewerCanMinimize":false,"viewerCanUnminimize":false,"viewerCanReport":false,"viewerCanReportToMaintainer":false,"viewerCanBlockFromOrg":false,"viewerCanUnblockFromOrg":false,"viaApp":null,"isHidden":false,"minimizedReason":null,"showSpammyBadge":false,"createdViaEmail":false,"authorToRepoOwnerSponsorship":null,"repository":{"id":"MDEwOlJlcG9zaXRvcnkyMjE2MjQ5","name":"draft","owner":{"__typename":"Organization","id":"MDEyOk9yZ2FuaXphdGlvbjU5Mjc2","login":"cplusplus","url":"https://github.com/cplusplus"},"isPrivate":false,"slashCommandsEnabled":false,"nameWithOwner":"cplusplus/draft","databaseId":2216249},"__isComment":"IssueComment","viewerCanReadUserContentEdits":true,"lastEditedAt":null,"lastUserContentEdit":null,"__isReactable":"IssueComment","reactionGroups":[{"content":"THUMBS_UP","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"THUMBS_DOWN","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"LAUGH","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"HOORAY","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"CONFUSED","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"HEART","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"ROCKET","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"EYES","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}}],"__isNode":"IssueComment"},"cursor":"Y3Vyc29yOnYyOpPPAAABkC6-PdAAqjIxNzc2NTE1MjU="},{"node":{"__typename":"IssueComment","__isIssueTimelineItems":"IssueComment","databaseId":2177755041,"viewerDidAuthor":false,"issue":{"author":{"__typename":"User","login":"FrankHB","id":"MDQ6VXNlcjE4NTc2NDc="},"id":"I_kwDOACHROc6Mr3fJ","number":7070,"locked":false,"databaseId":2360309705},"author":{"__typename":"User","login":"jensmaurer","avatarUrl":"https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/23412755?v=4","profileUrl":"https://github.com/jensmaurer","id":"MDQ6VXNlcjIzNDEyNzU1"},"id":"IC_kwDOACHROc6Bzeeh","body":"Hm...\r\n\r\n- Suppose an implementation strengthens exception specifications in the standard library and uses \"noexcept\" to implement \"is known...\". All is well, before and after the change.\r\n\r\n- Suppose an implementation does not strengthen exception specifications, but still uses \"noexcept\" to implement \"is known...\".  Does the new note mean that \"is known\" is clarified such that an implementation is supposed to (is required to?) special-case all situations where the standard says \"Throws: nothing\" and give the \"noexcept(true)\" answer for the query?\r\n\r\nI think the current cross-reference makes it clear that using the \"noexcept\" operator is sufficient to implement \"is known\", and there is no expectation to do additional heroics. (Additional heroics are allowed, though.) (And, independently, implementations are still allowed to strengthen exception specifications if they so feel.  Yes, that makes the outcome of the \"is known\" queries vary between implementations, but that's par for the course.)\r\n\r\nSo, it seems to me the cross-reference is very much semantics-bearing here. We should not touch it editorially.\r\n\r\nIf you want to require strengthening exception specifications, that would mean replacing some \"Throws: nothing\" with \"noexcept\", and that feels like a paper to LEWG, not an editorial issue.\r\n\r\nOh, and \"Knowing not to throw any exceptions is implied by the fact that no functions having potentially-throwing exception specification ([except.spec]) are called.\" is also an incorrect statement, because some core language facilities such as `typeid` or `dynamic_cast` can throw exceptions, with no function calls involved.","bodyHTML":"\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eHm...\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSuppose an implementation strengthens exception specifications in the standard library and uses \"noexcept\" to implement \"is known...\". All is well, before and after the change.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSuppose an implementation does not strengthen exception specifications, but still uses \"noexcept\" to implement \"is known...\".  Does the new note mean that \"is known\" is clarified such that an implementation is supposed to (is required to?) special-case all situations where the standard says \"Throws: nothing\" and give the \"noexcept(true)\" answer for the query?\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eI think the current cross-reference makes it clear that using the \"noexcept\" operator is sufficient to implement \"is known\", and there is no expectation to do additional heroics. (Additional heroics are allowed, though.) (And, independently, implementations are still allowed to strengthen exception specifications if they so feel.  Yes, that makes the outcome of the \"is known\" queries vary between implementations, but that's par for the course.)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSo, it seems to me the cross-reference is very much semantics-bearing here. We should not touch it editorially.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIf you want to require strengthening exception specifications, that would mean replacing some \"Throws: nothing\" with \"noexcept\", and that feels like a paper to LEWG, not an editorial issue.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eOh, and \"Knowing not to throw any exceptions is implied by the fact that no functions having potentially-throwing exception specification ([except.spec]) are called.\" is also an incorrect statement, because some core language facilities such as \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003etypeid\u003c/code\u003e or \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003edynamic_cast\u003c/code\u003e can throw exceptions, with no function calls involved.\u003c/p\u003e","bodyVersion":"296c0cd3279aaf0e074188e16a945112f5813da1c0755f3e29d981b7b03d0f99","viewerCanUpdate":false,"url":"https://github.com/cplusplus/draft/issues/7070#issuecomment-2177755041","createdAt":"2024-06-19T05:08:31Z","authorAssociation":"MEMBER","viewerCanDelete":false,"viewerCanMinimize":false,"viewerCanUnminimize":false,"viewerCanReport":false,"viewerCanReportToMaintainer":false,"viewerCanBlockFromOrg":false,"viewerCanUnblockFromOrg":false,"viaApp":null,"isHidden":false,"minimizedReason":null,"showSpammyBadge":false,"createdViaEmail":false,"authorToRepoOwnerSponsorship":null,"repository":{"id":"MDEwOlJlcG9zaXRvcnkyMjE2MjQ5","name":"draft","owner":{"__typename":"Organization","id":"MDEyOk9yZ2FuaXphdGlvbjU5Mjc2","login":"cplusplus","url":"https://github.com/cplusplus"},"isPrivate":false,"slashCommandsEnabled":false,"nameWithOwner":"cplusplus/draft","databaseId":2216249},"__isComment":"IssueComment","viewerCanReadUserContentEdits":true,"lastEditedAt":null,"lastUserContentEdit":null,"__isReactable":"IssueComment","reactionGroups":[{"content":"THUMBS_UP","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":2,"nodes":[{"__typename":"User","login":"jwakely","__isNode":"User","id":"MDQ6VXNlcjEyNTQ0ODA="},{"__typename":"User","login":"frederick-vs-ja","__isNode":"User","id":"MDQ6VXNlcjIzMjI4OTg5"}]}},{"content":"THUMBS_DOWN","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"LAUGH","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"HOORAY","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"CONFUSED","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"HEART","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"ROCKET","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"EYES","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}}],"__isNode":"IssueComment"},"cursor":"Y3Vyc29yOnYyOpPPAAABkC7lgJgAqjIxNzc3NTUwNDE="},{"node":{"__typename":"IssueComment","__isIssueTimelineItems":"IssueComment","databaseId":2177962678,"viewerDidAuthor":false,"issue":{"author":{"__typename":"User","login":"FrankHB","id":"MDQ6VXNlcjE4NTc2NDc="},"id":"I_kwDOACHROc6Mr3fJ","number":7070,"locked":false,"databaseId":2360309705},"author":{"__typename":"User","login":"jwakely","avatarUrl":"https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1254480?v=4","profileUrl":"https://github.com/jwakely","id":"MDQ6VXNlcjEyNTQ0ODA="},"id":"IC_kwDOACHROc6B0RK2","body":"I don't see why an implementation would want to strengthen the result of the traits, but *not* do so by adding `noexcept` where appropriate.\r\n\r\nThis seems to be an attempt to workaround \"missing\" noexcept in places where it's not required but could be strengthened. But the workaround would require changes to the implementation, so if the impl has to change anyway, it could just add the noexcept. Then the traits give the desired result. \r\n\r\nI just don't see any advantage to \"clarifying\" the traits. I think it would just make things more confusing.","bodyHTML":"\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eI don't see why an implementation would want to strengthen the result of the traits, but \u003cem\u003enot\u003c/em\u003e do so by adding \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003enoexcept\u003c/code\u003e where appropriate.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis seems to be an attempt to workaround \"missing\" noexcept in places where it's not required but could be strengthened. But the workaround would require changes to the implementation, so if the impl has to change anyway, it could just add the noexcept. Then the traits give the desired result.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eI just don't see any advantage to \"clarifying\" the traits. I think it would just make things more confusing.\u003c/p\u003e","bodyVersion":"bac9c7c0a025b5dc6807ffd6f256943d943b0af756fd56b833df3e1648c303e1","viewerCanUpdate":false,"url":"https://github.com/cplusplus/draft/issues/7070#issuecomment-2177962678","createdAt":"2024-06-19T07:34:17Z","authorAssociation":"MEMBER","viewerCanDelete":false,"viewerCanMinimize":false,"viewerCanUnminimize":false,"viewerCanReport":false,"viewerCanReportToMaintainer":false,"viewerCanBlockFromOrg":false,"viewerCanUnblockFromOrg":false,"viaApp":null,"isHidden":false,"minimizedReason":null,"showSpammyBadge":false,"createdViaEmail":false,"authorToRepoOwnerSponsorship":null,"repository":{"id":"MDEwOlJlcG9zaXRvcnkyMjE2MjQ5","name":"draft","owner":{"__typename":"Organization","id":"MDEyOk9yZ2FuaXphdGlvbjU5Mjc2","login":"cplusplus","url":"https://github.com/cplusplus"},"isPrivate":false,"slashCommandsEnabled":false,"nameWithOwner":"cplusplus/draft","databaseId":2216249},"__isComment":"IssueComment","viewerCanReadUserContentEdits":true,"lastEditedAt":null,"lastUserContentEdit":null,"__isReactable":"IssueComment","reactionGroups":[{"content":"THUMBS_UP","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":1,"nodes":[{"__typename":"User","login":"frederick-vs-ja","__isNode":"User","id":"MDQ6VXNlcjIzMjI4OTg5"}]}},{"content":"THUMBS_DOWN","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"LAUGH","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"HOORAY","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"CONFUSED","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"HEART","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"ROCKET","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"EYES","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}}],"__isNode":"IssueComment"},"cursor":"Y3Vyc29yOnYyOpPPAAABkC9q9KgAqjIxNzc5NjI2Nzg="},{"node":{"__typename":"IssueComment","__isIssueTimelineItems":"IssueComment","databaseId":2178201788,"viewerDidAuthor":false,"issue":{"author":{"__typename":"User","login":"FrankHB","id":"MDQ6VXNlcjE4NTc2NDc="},"id":"I_kwDOACHROc6Mr3fJ","number":7070,"locked":false,"databaseId":2360309705},"author":{"__typename":"User","login":"frederick-vs-ja","avatarUrl":"https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/23228989?v=4","profileUrl":"https://github.com/frederick-vs-ja","id":"MDQ6VXNlcjIzMjI4OTg5"},"id":"IC_kwDOACHROc6B1Li8","body":"The issue seems to request allowing `is_nothrow_*` traits to be _more strengthened_ than the exception specifications used for the corresponding constructors, right?\r\n\r\nLWG3967 touches this although it only concerns about defaulted functions.\r\n\r\n\u003e I think the current cross-reference makes it clear that using the \"noexcept\" operator is sufficient to implement \"is known\", and there is no expectation to do additional heroics.\r\n\r\nI guess it's still unclear whether these traits behave as-if `noexcept` operator is used for and only for immediate contexts of involved operations. Can we say that some expression or the full-expression of the variable definition \"is non-throwing\" (or verbosely, \"is not potentially-throwing\") instead?\r\n\r\nEdit: cplusplus/CWG#149 might be related - (possibly non-editorial) changes might be needed to make it possible to say the full-expression of some variable definition is non-throwing (or not potentially-throwing).","bodyHTML":"\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe issue seems to request allowing \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003eis_nothrow_*\u003c/code\u003e traits to be \u003cem\u003emore strengthened\u003c/em\u003e than the exception specifications used for the corresponding constructors, right?\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"issue-link js-issue-link notranslate\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" href=\"https://wg21.link/lwg3967\"\u003eLWG3967\u003c/a\u003e touches this although it only concerns about defaulted functions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eI think the current cross-reference makes it clear that using the \"noexcept\" operator is sufficient to implement \"is known\", and there is no expectation to do additional heroics.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eI guess it's still unclear whether these traits behave as-if \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003enoexcept\u003c/code\u003e operator is used for and only for immediate contexts of involved operations. Can we say that some expression or the full-expression of the variable definition \"is non-throwing\" (or verbosely, \"is not potentially-throwing\") instead?\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eEdit: \u003ca class=\"issue-link js-issue-link\" data-error-text=\"Failed to load title\" data-id=\"1402967520\" data-permission-text=\"Title is private\" data-url=\"https://github.com/cplusplus/CWG/issues/149\" data-hovercard-type=\"issue\" data-hovercard-url=\"/cplusplus/CWG/issues/149/hovercard\" href=\"https://github.com/cplusplus/CWG/issues/149\"\u003ecplusplus/CWG#149\u003c/a\u003e might be related - (possibly non-editorial) changes might be needed to make it possible to say the full-expression of some variable definition is non-throwing (or not potentially-throwing).\u003c/p\u003e","bodyVersion":"df27f54ea41651de741f9039a4e8635e3fa560411dba5b9d16bd25a27f5555cf","viewerCanUpdate":false,"url":"https://github.com/cplusplus/draft/issues/7070#issuecomment-2178201788","createdAt":"2024-06-19T09:27:14Z","authorAssociation":"CONTRIBUTOR","viewerCanDelete":false,"viewerCanMinimize":false,"viewerCanUnminimize":false,"viewerCanReport":false,"viewerCanReportToMaintainer":false,"viewerCanBlockFromOrg":false,"viewerCanUnblockFromOrg":false,"viaApp":null,"isHidden":false,"minimizedReason":null,"showSpammyBadge":false,"createdViaEmail":false,"authorToRepoOwnerSponsorship":null,"repository":{"id":"MDEwOlJlcG9zaXRvcnkyMjE2MjQ5","name":"draft","owner":{"__typename":"Organization","id":"MDEyOk9yZ2FuaXphdGlvbjU5Mjc2","login":"cplusplus","url":"https://github.com/cplusplus"},"isPrivate":false,"slashCommandsEnabled":false,"nameWithOwner":"cplusplus/draft","databaseId":2216249},"__isComment":"IssueComment","viewerCanReadUserContentEdits":true,"lastEditedAt":"2024-06-19T10:25:35Z","lastUserContentEdit":{"editor":{"__typename":"User","url":"https://github.com/frederick-vs-ja","login":"frederick-vs-ja","id":"MDQ6VXNlcjIzMjI4OTg5"},"id":"UCE_lALOACHROc6B1Li8zkjrzlg"},"__isReactable":"IssueComment","reactionGroups":[{"content":"THUMBS_UP","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"THUMBS_DOWN","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"LAUGH","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"HOORAY","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"CONFUSED","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"HEART","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"ROCKET","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"EYES","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}}],"__isNode":"IssueComment"},"cursor":"Y3Vyc29yOnYyOpPPAAABkC_SXVAAqjIxNzgyMDE3ODg="},{"node":{"__typename":"IssueComment","__isIssueTimelineItems":"IssueComment","databaseId":2179813285,"viewerDidAuthor":false,"issue":{"author":{"__typename":"User","login":"FrankHB","id":"MDQ6VXNlcjE4NTc2NDc="},"id":"I_kwDOACHROc6Mr3fJ","number":7070,"locked":false,"databaseId":2360309705},"author":{"__typename":"User","login":"FrankHB","avatarUrl":"https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1857647?u=c66137ae3d952e6a247e21bfee5766a6d2b6e532\u0026v=4","profileUrl":"https://github.com/FrankHB","id":"MDQ6VXNlcjE4NTc2NDc="},"id":"IC_kwDOACHROc6B7U-l","body":"\u003e * Suppose an implementation does not strengthen exception specifications, but still uses \"noexcept\" to implement \"is known...\".  Does the new note mean that \"is known\" is clarified such that an implementation is supposed to (is required to?) special-case all situations where the standard says \"Throws: nothing\" and give the \"noexcept(true)\" answer for the query?\r\n\u003e \r\n\u003e I think the current cross-reference makes it clear that using the \"noexcept\" operator is sufficient to implement \"is known\", and there is no expectation to do additional heroics. (Additional heroics are allowed, though.) (And, independently, implementations are still allowed to strengthen exception specifications if they so feel. Yes, that makes the outcome of the \"is known\" queries vary between implementations, but that's par for the course.)\r\n\u003e \r\n\u003e So, it seems to me the cross-reference is very much semantics-bearing here. We should not touch it editorially.\r\n\r\nAh... if there is doubt that \"is known...\" is not clarified (enough) to cover all `noexcept(true)` cases, this is not editorial.\r\n\r\nEven if nobody is against the expectation to implement \"is known...\" by `noexcept` (with or without other ways), is it really guaranteed? (I missed this.)\r\n\r\nA note is insufficient to establish a requirement which is missing from the normative text at current. Nor does the cross-reference, I think.\r\n\r\n\u003e If you want to require strengthening exception specifications, that would mean replacing some \"Throws: nothing\" with \"noexcept\", and that feels like a paper to LEWG, not an editorial issue.\r\n\r\n_Throws: nothing_ is about how to settle excpetion specifications down by design in general. For SD-9/LEWG such policy is a must, because almost any evolution in library will be affected.\r\n\r\nThis is not the case here. It does not affect arbitrary new features proposed in future.\r\n\r\nIt's more like [res.on.exception.handling]. Besides the requirement, the extent of the conditions of \"is known...\" is eventually up to the implementation.\r\n\r\n\u003e Oh, and \"Knowing not to throw any exceptions is implied by the fact that no functions having potentially-throwing exception specification ([except.spec]) are called.\" is also an incorrect statement, because some core language facilities such as `typeid` or `dynamic_cast` can throw exceptions, with no function calls involved.\r\n\r\nIt is technically imprecise and insufficient, but still (logically) true, hence correct as a statement of a note. I agree other cases should be addressed, though.\r\n\r\n\u003e I don't see why an implementation would want to strengthen the result of the traits, but not do so by adding noexcept where appropriate.\r\n\r\nFor an ordinary implementation, probably. However, what if I decide to patch an existing implementation I have no control (say, libstdc++)? Patching `std::is_nothrow_*` with additional specializations is obviously easier than patching dozens of constructors like `std::pair`'s.\r\n\r\n\u003e This seems to be an attempt to workaround \"missing\" noexcept in places where it's not required but could be strengthened. But the workaround would require changes to the implementation, so if the impl has to change anyway, it could just add the noexcept. Then the traits give the desired result.\r\n\r\nActually the code illustrated in the background section is the non-intrusive version of such patching (not requiring to the changes in the implementation), at the cost that `std::` must be removed before `is_nothrow_*`. There is no such non-intrusive equivalent about adding `noexcept` on the constructors unless the whole `std::pair` stuff is replaced totally. So, the clarification (whether editorial or not) will be a real improvement for this case.\r\n\r\n\u003e LWG3967 touches this although it only concerns about defaulted functions.\r\n\r\nThis shares the same root cause that \"is known...\" is underspecified and there can be misinterpretions.\r\n","bodyHTML":"\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSuppose an implementation does not strengthen exception specifications, but still uses \"noexcept\" to implement \"is known...\".  Does the new note mean that \"is known\" is clarified such that an implementation is supposed to (is required to?) special-case all situations where the standard says \"Throws: nothing\" and give the \"noexcept(true)\" answer for the query?\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eI think the current cross-reference makes it clear that using the \"noexcept\" operator is sufficient to implement \"is known\", and there is no expectation to do additional heroics. (Additional heroics are allowed, though.) (And, independently, implementations are still allowed to strengthen exception specifications if they so feel. Yes, that makes the outcome of the \"is known\" queries vary between implementations, but that's par for the course.)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSo, it seems to me the cross-reference is very much semantics-bearing here. We should not touch it editorially.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAh... if there is doubt that \"is known...\" is not clarified (enough) to cover all \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003enoexcept(true)\u003c/code\u003e cases, this is not editorial.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eEven if nobody is against the expectation to implement \"is known...\" by \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003enoexcept\u003c/code\u003e (with or without other ways), is it really guaranteed? (I missed this.)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eA note is insufficient to establish a requirement which is missing from the normative text at current. Nor does the cross-reference, I think.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIf you want to require strengthening exception specifications, that would mean replacing some \"Throws: nothing\" with \"noexcept\", and that feels like a paper to LEWG, not an editorial issue.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eThrows: nothing\u003c/em\u003e is about how to settle excpetion specifications down by design in general. For SD-9/LEWG such policy is a must, because almost any evolution in library will be affected.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis is not the case here. It does not affect arbitrary new features proposed in future.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIt's more like [res.on.exception.handling]. Besides the requirement, the extent of the conditions of \"is known...\" is eventually up to the implementation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eOh, and \"Knowing not to throw any exceptions is implied by the fact that no functions having potentially-throwing exception specification ([except.spec]) are called.\" is also an incorrect statement, because some core language facilities such as \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003etypeid\u003c/code\u003e or \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003edynamic_cast\u003c/code\u003e can throw exceptions, with no function calls involved.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIt is technically imprecise and insufficient, but still (logically) true, hence correct as a statement of a note. I agree other cases should be addressed, though.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eI don't see why an implementation would want to strengthen the result of the traits, but not do so by adding noexcept where appropriate.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eFor an ordinary implementation, probably. However, what if I decide to patch an existing implementation I have no control (say, libstdc++)? Patching \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003estd::is_nothrow_*\u003c/code\u003e with additional specializations is obviously easier than patching dozens of constructors like \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003estd::pair\u003c/code\u003e's.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis seems to be an attempt to workaround \"missing\" noexcept in places where it's not required but could be strengthened. But the workaround would require changes to the implementation, so if the impl has to change anyway, it could just add the noexcept. Then the traits give the desired result.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eActually the code illustrated in the background section is the non-intrusive version of such patching (not requiring to the changes in the implementation), at the cost that \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003estd::\u003c/code\u003e must be removed before \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003eis_nothrow_*\u003c/code\u003e. There is no such non-intrusive equivalent about adding \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003enoexcept\u003c/code\u003e on the constructors unless the whole \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003estd::pair\u003c/code\u003e stuff is replaced totally. So, the clarification (whether editorial or not) will be a real improvement for this case.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eLWG3967 touches this although it only concerns about defaulted functions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis shares the same root cause that \"is known...\" is underspecified and there can be misinterpretions.\u003c/p\u003e","bodyVersion":"526d2d4a77fb217ad2bd8e9c9e03efda5dbe4d9ee443319798b6773337acc987","viewerCanUpdate":false,"url":"https://github.com/cplusplus/draft/issues/7070#issuecomment-2179813285","createdAt":"2024-06-20T05:00:59Z","authorAssociation":"CONTRIBUTOR","viewerCanDelete":false,"viewerCanMinimize":false,"viewerCanUnminimize":false,"viewerCanReport":false,"viewerCanReportToMaintainer":false,"viewerCanBlockFromOrg":false,"viewerCanUnblockFromOrg":false,"viaApp":null,"isHidden":false,"minimizedReason":null,"showSpammyBadge":false,"createdViaEmail":false,"authorToRepoOwnerSponsorship":null,"repository":{"id":"MDEwOlJlcG9zaXRvcnkyMjE2MjQ5","name":"draft","owner":{"__typename":"Organization","id":"MDEyOk9yZ2FuaXphdGlvbjU5Mjc2","login":"cplusplus","url":"https://github.com/cplusplus"},"isPrivate":false,"slashCommandsEnabled":false,"nameWithOwner":"cplusplus/draft","databaseId":2216249},"__isComment":"IssueComment","viewerCanReadUserContentEdits":true,"lastEditedAt":null,"lastUserContentEdit":null,"__isReactable":"IssueComment","reactionGroups":[{"content":"THUMBS_UP","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"THUMBS_DOWN","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"LAUGH","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"HOORAY","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"CONFUSED","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"HEART","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"ROCKET","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"EYES","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}}],"__isNode":"IssueComment"},"cursor":"Y3Vyc29yOnYyOpPPAAABkDQE9vgAqjIxNzk4MTMyODU="},{"node":{"__typename":"IssueComment","__isIssueTimelineItems":"IssueComment","databaseId":2179946113,"viewerDidAuthor":false,"issue":{"author":{"__typename":"User","login":"FrankHB","id":"MDQ6VXNlcjE4NTc2NDc="},"id":"I_kwDOACHROc6Mr3fJ","number":7070,"locked":false,"databaseId":2360309705},"author":{"__typename":"User","login":"jwakely","avatarUrl":"https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1254480?v=4","profileUrl":"https://github.com/jwakely","id":"MDQ6VXNlcjEyNTQ0ODA="},"id":"IC_kwDOACHROc6B71aB","body":"\u003e Actually the code illustrated in the background section is the non-intrusive version of such patching (not requiring to the changes in the implementation), at the cost that `std::` must be removed before `is_nothrow_*`.\r\n\r\nNo, that's adding a completely different template. The standard talks about the traits which are part of the implementation, not others that happen to have the same name.","bodyHTML":"\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eActually the code illustrated in the background section is the non-intrusive version of such patching (not requiring to the changes in the implementation), at the cost that \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003estd::\u003c/code\u003e must be removed before \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003eis_nothrow_*\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eNo, that's adding a completely different template. The standard talks about the traits which are part of the implementation, not others that happen to have the same name.\u003c/p\u003e","bodyVersion":"3d40f5915d89de54ea0cdc60e1b53e1f08968c59b9ff1538c7f34564bce4fb18","viewerCanUpdate":false,"url":"https://github.com/cplusplus/draft/issues/7070#issuecomment-2179946113","createdAt":"2024-06-20T06:51:46Z","authorAssociation":"MEMBER","viewerCanDelete":false,"viewerCanMinimize":false,"viewerCanUnminimize":false,"viewerCanReport":false,"viewerCanReportToMaintainer":false,"viewerCanBlockFromOrg":false,"viewerCanUnblockFromOrg":false,"viaApp":null,"isHidden":false,"minimizedReason":null,"showSpammyBadge":false,"createdViaEmail":false,"authorToRepoOwnerSponsorship":null,"repository":{"id":"MDEwOlJlcG9zaXRvcnkyMjE2MjQ5","name":"draft","owner":{"__typename":"Organization","id":"MDEyOk9yZ2FuaXphdGlvbjU5Mjc2","login":"cplusplus","url":"https://github.com/cplusplus"},"isPrivate":false,"slashCommandsEnabled":false,"nameWithOwner":"cplusplus/draft","databaseId":2216249},"__isComment":"IssueComment","viewerCanReadUserContentEdits":true,"lastEditedAt":null,"lastUserContentEdit":null,"__isReactable":"IssueComment","reactionGroups":[{"content":"THUMBS_UP","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":1,"nodes":[{"__typename":"User","login":"frederick-vs-ja","__isNode":"User","id":"MDQ6VXNlcjIzMjI4OTg5"}]}},{"content":"THUMBS_DOWN","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"LAUGH","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"HOORAY","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"CONFUSED","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"HEART","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"ROCKET","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"EYES","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}}],"__isNode":"IssueComment"},"cursor":"Y3Vyc29yOnYyOpPPAAABkDRqY9AAqjIxNzk5NDYxMTM="},{"node":{"__typename":"IssueComment","__isIssueTimelineItems":"IssueComment","databaseId":2180620953,"viewerDidAuthor":false,"issue":{"author":{"__typename":"User","login":"FrankHB","id":"MDQ6VXNlcjE4NTc2NDc="},"id":"I_kwDOACHROc6Mr3fJ","number":7070,"locked":false,"databaseId":2360309705},"author":{"__typename":"User","login":"FrankHB","avatarUrl":"https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1857647?u=c66137ae3d952e6a247e21bfee5766a6d2b6e532\u0026v=4","profileUrl":"https://github.com/FrankHB","id":"MDQ6VXNlcjE4NTc2NDc="},"id":"IC_kwDOACHROc6B-aKZ","body":"\u003e No, that's adding a completely different template. The standard talks about the traits which are part of the implementation, not others that happen to have the same name.\r\n\r\nI'm fully aware of the fact that such \"workaround\" case is unrelated to the standard for conformance or any implementation of C++ standard library.\r\n\r\nHowever, it *does affect* users hosting projects based on the standard. Instead of direct implementing the rules for conformance, the specification in a standard can be used as a source as a base design. Derivations can extend the standard's specification instead of reinventing wheels. Instances include derived programming languages (like C++/CLI), library solutions (like boost), and more (like POSIX). (In fact, ISO C++ also uses the \"C subset\" of the standard library via normative reference to ISO/IEC 9899:1999 instead of copying the text.) If there is already a specification (even if optional, informative, or having no implementations available), it may still ease the work of derivation *a lot*, particularly in cases the downstream projects cannot make the guarantees practically feasible.\r\n\r\nWith the suggested change here, I (close to the position of authors of Boost.TypeTraits) can make quite strong guarantees (asserting `is_nothrow_*` may have *unspecified* ways to improve without the knowledge of concrete C++ implementations, even when the entities being operated are in a standard library implementation not supporting the strengthened results - for instance, constructors of `std::pair` in libstdc++) for my users by a statement of \"see ISO C++ [...]\" in the document instead of a setup of an additional support matrix (compiler+std library) of supported configurations, simply because \"the standard has said so\". My users have only a cost no more than the introduction of declarations like `using my::is_nothrow_*;` in their source code once `std::` before `is_nothrow_*` are removed, perhaps easier than a typical setup of a build script to introduce a new library. Otherwise, to achieve the similar effect, I have to take a survey routinely, to cover every configurations for potability - because suspicions on bugs around compiler (say, -Wnoexcept in my case) may kick in and I can't determine whether the bugs are of mine or the language implementation before some case by case analyses; and even with that, I can't say any new conforming implementation will naturally work with my solution - of course compiler vendors will not comply with my requirements by default, even if I can provide the \"patched\" standard as the combined specification. Virtually, *only the standard is the right place* to provide such assumptions, even when they are not yet implemented (so alternative non-intrusive implementations outside `std` are just workarounds compared to `std` ones). (Or there can be technical specifications; but I don't think they are fit for amendment of features already in the standard.) And since C++ standard library implementations are often distributed by system vendors, to avoid the mess of dependencies (about both deployment and runtime binary compatibility), update of the `std` implementations can't replace the workarounds totally.\r\n\r\nSo, it is still an issue about the standard to make it more useful in practice. It is naturally an enhancement in this turn.\r\n","bodyHTML":"\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eNo, that's adding a completely different template. The standard talks about the traits which are part of the implementation, not others that happen to have the same name.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eI'm fully aware of the fact that such \"workaround\" case is unrelated to the standard for conformance or any implementation of C++ standard library.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eHowever, it \u003cem\u003edoes affect\u003c/em\u003e users hosting projects based on the standard. Instead of direct implementing the rules for conformance, the specification in a standard can be used as a source as a base design. Derivations can extend the standard's specification instead of reinventing wheels. Instances include derived programming languages (like C++/CLI), library solutions (like boost), and more (like POSIX). (In fact, ISO C++ also uses the \"C subset\" of the standard library via normative reference to ISO/IEC 9899:1999 instead of copying the text.) If there is already a specification (even if optional, informative, or having no implementations available), it may still ease the work of derivation \u003cem\u003ea lot\u003c/em\u003e, particularly in cases the downstream projects cannot make the guarantees practically feasible.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eWith the suggested change here, I (close to the position of authors of Boost.TypeTraits) can make quite strong guarantees (asserting \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003eis_nothrow_*\u003c/code\u003e may have \u003cem\u003eunspecified\u003c/em\u003e ways to improve without the knowledge of concrete C++ implementations, even when the entities being operated are in a standard library implementation not supporting the strengthened results - for instance, constructors of \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003estd::pair\u003c/code\u003e in libstdc++) for my users by a statement of \"see ISO C++ [...]\" in the document instead of a setup of an additional support matrix (compiler+std library) of supported configurations, simply because \"the standard has said so\". My users have only a cost no more than the introduction of declarations like \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003eusing my::is_nothrow_*;\u003c/code\u003e in their source code once \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003estd::\u003c/code\u003e before \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003eis_nothrow_*\u003c/code\u003e are removed, perhaps easier than a typical setup of a build script to introduce a new library. Otherwise, to achieve the similar effect, I have to take a survey routinely, to cover every configurations for potability - because suspicions on bugs around compiler (say, -Wnoexcept in my case) may kick in and I can't determine whether the bugs are of mine or the language implementation before some case by case analyses; and even with that, I can't say any new conforming implementation will naturally work with my solution - of course compiler vendors will not comply with my requirements by default, even if I can provide the \"patched\" standard as the combined specification. Virtually, \u003cem\u003eonly the standard is the right place\u003c/em\u003e to provide such assumptions, even when they are not yet implemented (so alternative non-intrusive implementations outside \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003estd\u003c/code\u003e are just workarounds compared to \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003estd\u003c/code\u003e ones). (Or there can be technical specifications; but I don't think they are fit for amendment of features already in the standard.) And since C++ standard library implementations are often distributed by system vendors, to avoid the mess of dependencies (about both deployment and runtime binary compatibility), update of the \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003estd\u003c/code\u003e implementations can't replace the workarounds totally.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSo, it is still an issue about the standard to make it more useful in practice. It is naturally an enhancement in this turn.\u003c/p\u003e","bodyVersion":"0cd68ca70af3abfed33ec9fd03381fec0921cc5bdf98533875b23b39369ee510","viewerCanUpdate":false,"url":"https://github.com/cplusplus/draft/issues/7070#issuecomment-2180620953","createdAt":"2024-06-20T12:59:54Z","authorAssociation":"CONTRIBUTOR","viewerCanDelete":false,"viewerCanMinimize":false,"viewerCanUnminimize":false,"viewerCanReport":false,"viewerCanReportToMaintainer":false,"viewerCanBlockFromOrg":false,"viewerCanUnblockFromOrg":false,"viaApp":null,"isHidden":false,"minimizedReason":null,"showSpammyBadge":false,"createdViaEmail":false,"authorToRepoOwnerSponsorship":null,"repository":{"id":"MDEwOlJlcG9zaXRvcnkyMjE2MjQ5","name":"draft","owner":{"__typename":"Organization","id":"MDEyOk9yZ2FuaXphdGlvbjU5Mjc2","login":"cplusplus","url":"https://github.com/cplusplus"},"isPrivate":false,"slashCommandsEnabled":false,"nameWithOwner":"cplusplus/draft","databaseId":2216249},"__isComment":"IssueComment","viewerCanReadUserContentEdits":true,"lastEditedAt":null,"lastUserContentEdit":null,"__isReactable":"IssueComment","reactionGroups":[{"content":"THUMBS_UP","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"THUMBS_DOWN","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"LAUGH","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"HOORAY","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"CONFUSED","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"HEART","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"ROCKET","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"EYES","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}}],"__isNode":"IssueComment"},"cursor":"Y3Vyc29yOnYyOpPPAAABkDW7bRAAqjIxODA2MjA5NTM="},{"node":{"__typename":"IssueComment","__isIssueTimelineItems":"IssueComment","databaseId":2180784199,"viewerDidAuthor":false,"issue":{"author":{"__typename":"User","login":"FrankHB","id":"MDQ6VXNlcjE4NTc2NDc="},"id":"I_kwDOACHROc6Mr3fJ","number":7070,"locked":false,"databaseId":2360309705},"author":{"__typename":"User","login":"frederick-vs-ja","avatarUrl":"https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/23228989?v=4","profileUrl":"https://github.com/frederick-vs-ja","id":"MDQ6VXNlcjIzMjI4OTg5"},"id":"IC_kwDOACHROc6B_CBH","body":"Anyway, [N3050](https://wg21.link/n3050), which introduced `noexcept`, expressed that `noexcept` should be used for these traits.\r\n\r\nIs -Wnoexcept off-topic here? Even if `is_throw_*` traits are more strengthened in some library implementation, nothing seems helpful for -Wnoexcept to me.\r\n\r\nIf we talk about strengthening `is_trivially_*` traits instead, things seem different. I can see how can such strengthening be useful.","bodyHTML":"\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAnyway, \u003ca href=\"https://wg21.link/n3050\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eN3050\u003c/a\u003e, which introduced \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003enoexcept\u003c/code\u003e, expressed that \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003enoexcept\u003c/code\u003e should be used for these traits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIs -Wnoexcept off-topic here? Even if \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003eis_throw_*\u003c/code\u003e traits are more strengthened in some library implementation, nothing seems helpful for -Wnoexcept to me.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIf we talk about strengthening \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003eis_trivially_*\u003c/code\u003e traits instead, things seem different. I can see how can such strengthening be useful.\u003c/p\u003e","bodyVersion":"2669c8c83434046ea65ec8ecf368f00b7ccb59fcc07f9659d0d9d2e13e82a803","viewerCanUpdate":false,"url":"https://github.com/cplusplus/draft/issues/7070#issuecomment-2180784199","createdAt":"2024-06-20T14:00:22Z","authorAssociation":"CONTRIBUTOR","viewerCanDelete":false,"viewerCanMinimize":false,"viewerCanUnminimize":false,"viewerCanReport":false,"viewerCanReportToMaintainer":false,"viewerCanBlockFromOrg":false,"viewerCanUnblockFromOrg":false,"viaApp":null,"isHidden":false,"minimizedReason":null,"showSpammyBadge":false,"createdViaEmail":false,"authorToRepoOwnerSponsorship":null,"repository":{"id":"MDEwOlJlcG9zaXRvcnkyMjE2MjQ5","name":"draft","owner":{"__typename":"Organization","id":"MDEyOk9yZ2FuaXphdGlvbjU5Mjc2","login":"cplusplus","url":"https://github.com/cplusplus"},"isPrivate":false,"slashCommandsEnabled":false,"nameWithOwner":"cplusplus/draft","databaseId":2216249},"__isComment":"IssueComment","viewerCanReadUserContentEdits":true,"lastEditedAt":null,"lastUserContentEdit":null,"__isReactable":"IssueComment","reactionGroups":[{"content":"THUMBS_UP","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"THUMBS_DOWN","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"LAUGH","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"HOORAY","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"CONFUSED","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"HEART","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"ROCKET","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"EYES","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}}],"__isNode":"IssueComment"},"cursor":"Y3Vyc29yOnYyOpPPAAABkDXyyPAAqjIxODA3ODQxOTk="},{"node":{"__typename":"IssueComment","__isIssueTimelineItems":"IssueComment","databaseId":2181184662,"viewerDidAuthor":false,"issue":{"author":{"__typename":"User","login":"FrankHB","id":"MDQ6VXNlcjE4NTc2NDc="},"id":"I_kwDOACHROc6Mr3fJ","number":7070,"locked":false,"databaseId":2360309705},"author":{"__typename":"User","login":"FrankHB","avatarUrl":"https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1857647?u=c66137ae3d952e6a247e21bfee5766a6d2b6e532\u0026v=4","profileUrl":"https://github.com/FrankHB","id":"MDQ6VXNlcjE4NTc2NDc="},"id":"IC_kwDOACHROc6CAjyW","body":"\u003e Anyway, [N3050](https://wg21.link/n3050), which introduced `noexcept`, expressed that `noexcept` should be used for these traits.\r\n\r\nYes, allowing these traits implementable by pure library manner was one of the reason (benefit) to introduce of `noexcept`. But that was an implementation detail, and it was less convincing due to [LWG 2116](https://cplusplus.github.io/LWG/issue2116). Besides this, the traits were renamed in [N3142](https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2010/n3142.html), for the reason about being more focusing on the user sites. This is consistent with my point. In the sense of interface, being `noexcept` and having `true` results from the traits are already not the same since the first published standard containing them. There is no reason to take a step back.\r\n\r\n\u003e Is -Wnoexcept off-topic here? Even if is_throw_* traits are more strengthened in some library implementation, nothing seems helpful for -Wnoexcept to me.\r\n\r\nTo users, -Wnoexcept is a quite useful tool to check against the unexpectedly missing `noexcept-specification`s (not only non-throwing ones, but also conditional ones like the one missed by `std::pair`'s constructors). It is more relavant due to lacking of other way to detect \"is known not to throw any exceptions\" property, exactly. If alternative implementation-specific ways are presented, there will be less need for -Wnoexcept at the very beginning. That is just not the reality.\r\n\r\nThere can be more (un)interesting subtleties about `noexcept(noexcept(T(arg)))` vs. `noexcept(is_nothrow_constructible\u003cT, decltype(arg)\u003e())`. I'm at the position of WA to make them have absolutely same semantics. That said, `noexcept(auto)` should be far better than any of them in many cases. This is likely more off-topic, but... see below.\r\n\r\n\u003e If we talk about strengthening `is_trivially_*` traits instead, things seem different. I can see how can such strengthening be useful.\r\n\r\nThere is a more direct relation from the view of implementation: inferring the missing `noexcept-specification` (used by the underlying logic of -Wnoexcept) is exactly a promising technique to implement the traits (both `is_nothrow_*` and `is_trivial_*`), because the rules for these properties are similar: they are composable. For a function, being `noexcept(true)` depends on all calls in the body (if any) are also known non-throwing. For a class type, being trivial depends on all bases and members (if any) are known trivial. To implement the traits, basically it just requires some intrinsics (which is already for `is_trivial_*` today). It is sensitive to the visibility of function/class bodies, and quite different to the existing way of detecting via the `noexcept` operator. But probably `noexcept(auto)` can also share the logic and it should come first.\r\n\r\nNote it is the enhancement of the `is_nothrow_*` traits, but not for `is_trivial_*` ones, because I don't see other sane way to ensure it implementable. There is little room to enhance. Or introducing a nominal `trivial` operator like `noexcept` operator without knowing the type definition? (Is that possible?)","bodyHTML":"\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAnyway, \u003ca href=\"https://wg21.link/n3050\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eN3050\u003c/a\u003e, which introduced \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003enoexcept\u003c/code\u003e, expressed that \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003enoexcept\u003c/code\u003e should be used for these traits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eYes, allowing these traits implementable by pure library manner was one of the reason (benefit) to introduce of \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003enoexcept\u003c/code\u003e. But that was an implementation detail, and it was less convincing due to \u003ca href=\"https://cplusplus.github.io/LWG/issue2116\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eLWG 2116\u003c/a\u003e. Besides this, the traits were renamed in \u003ca href=\"https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2010/n3142.html\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eN3142\u003c/a\u003e, for the reason about being more focusing on the user sites. This is consistent with my point. In the sense of interface, being \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003enoexcept\u003c/code\u003e and having \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003etrue\u003c/code\u003e results from the traits are already not the same since the first published standard containing them. There is no reason to take a step back.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIs -Wnoexcept off-topic here? Even if is_throw_* traits are more strengthened in some library implementation, nothing seems helpful for -Wnoexcept to me.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eTo users, -Wnoexcept is a quite useful tool to check against the unexpectedly missing \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003enoexcept-specification\u003c/code\u003es (not only non-throwing ones, but also conditional ones like the one missed by \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003estd::pair\u003c/code\u003e's constructors). It is more relavant due to lacking of other way to detect \"is known not to throw any exceptions\" property, exactly. If alternative implementation-specific ways are presented, there will be less need for -Wnoexcept at the very beginning. That is just not the reality.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThere can be more (un)interesting subtleties about \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003enoexcept(noexcept(T(arg)))\u003c/code\u003e vs. \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003enoexcept(is_nothrow_constructible\u0026lt;T, decltype(arg)\u0026gt;())\u003c/code\u003e. I'm at the position of WA to make them have absolutely same semantics. That said, \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003enoexcept(auto)\u003c/code\u003e should be far better than any of them in many cases. This is likely more off-topic, but... see below.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIf we talk about strengthening \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003eis_trivially_*\u003c/code\u003e traits instead, things seem different. I can see how can such strengthening be useful.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThere is a more direct relation from the view of implementation: inferring the missing \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003enoexcept-specification\u003c/code\u003e (used by the underlying logic of -Wnoexcept) is exactly a promising technique to implement the traits (both \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003eis_nothrow_*\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003eis_trivial_*\u003c/code\u003e), because the rules for these properties are similar: they are composable. For a function, being \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003enoexcept(true)\u003c/code\u003e depends on all calls in the body (if any) are also known non-throwing. For a class type, being trivial depends on all bases and members (if any) are known trivial. To implement the traits, basically it just requires some intrinsics (which is already for \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003eis_trivial_*\u003c/code\u003e today). It is sensitive to the visibility of function/class bodies, and quite different to the existing way of detecting via the \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003enoexcept\u003c/code\u003e operator. But probably \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003enoexcept(auto)\u003c/code\u003e can also share the logic and it should come first.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eNote it is the enhancement of the \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003eis_nothrow_*\u003c/code\u003e traits, but not for \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003eis_trivial_*\u003c/code\u003e ones, because I don't see other sane way to ensure it implementable. There is little room to enhance. Or introducing a nominal \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003etrivial\u003c/code\u003e operator like \u003ccode class=\"notranslate\"\u003enoexcept\u003c/code\u003e operator without knowing the type definition? (Is that possible?)\u003c/p\u003e","bodyVersion":"e561a213f9d3f6539e7696aba36dcb85b80a330b1d39ec685655d2f4244c34dc","viewerCanUpdate":false,"url":"https://github.com/cplusplus/draft/issues/7070#issuecomment-2181184662","createdAt":"2024-06-20T17:22:58Z","authorAssociation":"CONTRIBUTOR","viewerCanDelete":false,"viewerCanMinimize":false,"viewerCanUnminimize":false,"viewerCanReport":false,"viewerCanReportToMaintainer":false,"viewerCanBlockFromOrg":false,"viewerCanUnblockFromOrg":false,"viaApp":null,"isHidden":false,"minimizedReason":null,"showSpammyBadge":false,"createdViaEmail":false,"authorToRepoOwnerSponsorship":null,"repository":{"id":"MDEwOlJlcG9zaXRvcnkyMjE2MjQ5","name":"draft","owner":{"__typename":"Organization","id":"MDEyOk9yZ2FuaXphdGlvbjU5Mjc2","login":"cplusplus","url":"https://github.com/cplusplus"},"isPrivate":false,"slashCommandsEnabled":false,"nameWithOwner":"cplusplus/draft","databaseId":2216249},"__isComment":"IssueComment","viewerCanReadUserContentEdits":true,"lastEditedAt":"2024-06-20T17:49:40Z","lastUserContentEdit":{"editor":{"__typename":"User","url":"https://github.com/FrankHB","login":"FrankHB","id":"MDQ6VXNlcjE4NTc2NDc="},"id":"UCE_lALOACHROc6CAjyWzkkLDto"},"__isReactable":"IssueComment","reactionGroups":[{"content":"THUMBS_UP","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"THUMBS_DOWN","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"LAUGH","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"HOORAY","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"CONFUSED","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"HEART","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"ROCKET","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}},{"content":"EYES","viewerHasReacted":false,"reactors":{"totalCount":0,"nodes":[]}}],"__isNode":"IssueComment"},"cursor":"Y3Vyc29yOnYyOpPPAAABkDasRVAAqjIxODExODQ2NjI="},{"node":{"__typename":"IssueComment","__isIssueTimelineItems":"IssueComment","databaseId":2181404186,"viewerDidAuthor":false,"issue":{"author":{"__typename":"User","login":"FrankHB","id":"MDQ6VXNlcjE4NTc2NDc="},"id":"I_kwDOACHROc6Mr3fJ","number":7070,"locked":false,"databaseId":2360309705},"author":{"__typename":"User","login":"jensmaurer","avatarUrl":"https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/23412755?v=4","profileUrl":"https://github.com/jensmaurer","id":"MDQ6VXNlcjIzNDEyNzU1"},"id":"IC_kwDOACHROc6CBZYa","body":"\u003e It is technically imprecise and insufficient, but still (logically) true, hence correct as a statement of a note.\r\n\r\nNo, you said \"is implied by the fact\", which means \"no noexcept(false) function calls implies knowing not to throw any exceptions\".  I can trivially create an example where all function calls are noexcept(true), yet an exception will be thrown by \"typeid\" or \"dynamic_cast\".  If you meant the implication the other way around, that's fine, but doesn't help much here.\r\n\r\n\u003e Moreover, I've encountered some real problems when such traits are strictly bound to noexcept results. \r\n\r\nAn editorial change that seeks to somehow change or affect existing implementations is not editorial. Your \"real problems\" will not go away.\r\n\r\nGiven the length of the discussion here and the unclear benefits of the proposed change (the standard does not exist for the benefit of derived standards that may or may not exist), I don't think there is anything that can be done editorially here.","bodyHTML":"\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIt is technically imprecise and insufficient, but still (logically) true, hence correct as a statement of a note.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eNo, you said \"is implied by the fact\", which means \"no noexcept(false) function calls implies knowing not to throw any exceptions\".  I can trivially create an example where all function calls are noexcept(true), yet an exception will be thrown by \"typeid\" or \"dynamic_cast\".  If you meant the implication the other way around, that's fine, but doesn't help much here.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eMoreover, I've encountered some real problems when such traits are strictly bound to noexcept results.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAn editorial change that seeks to somehow change or affect existing implementations is not editorial. 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height="24" style="--avatarSize-regular:24px" src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1857647?u=c66137ae3d952e6a247e21bfee5766a6d2b6e532&amp;v=4&amp;size=48" data-testid="github-avatar"/></a></div><div class="ActivityHeader-module__narrowViewportWrapper--k4ncm IssueBodyHeader-module__narrowViewportWrapper--cUGQk"><div class="IssueBodyHeader-module__titleSection--a171Q"><a class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bGcKkD IssueBodyHeaderAuthor-module__authorLoginLink--MsgZJ prc-Link-Link-85e08" href="https://github.com/FrankHB" data-hovercard-url="/users/FrankHB/hovercard" data-testid="issue-body-header-author">FrankHB</a></div><div class="ActivityHeader-module__footer--ssKOW IssueBodyHeader-module__footerSection--R3Cax"><span>opened </span><a class="IssueBodyHeader-module__dateLink--GZfps prc-Link-Link-85e08" href="https://github.com/cplusplus/draft/issues/7070#issue-2360309705" data-testid="issue-body-header-link"><relative-time class="sc-aXZVg IssueBodyHeader-module__RelativeTime--LRd7n">on <!-- -->Jun 18, 2024</relative-time></a></div></div><div class="ActivityHeader-module__narrowViewportWrapper--k4ncm IssueBodyHeader-module__actionsWrapper--nZngh"><div class="ActivityHeader-module__edits--WkfqY IssueBodyHeader-module__editsSection--ptNnu"></div><div class="IssueBodyHeader-module__badgesSection--izNBK"><div class="IssueBodyHeader-module__badgeGroup--xiI1A"></div><div class="IssueBodyHeader-module__actionsSection--CZDiB"><button data-component="IconButton" type="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0" class="prc-Button-ButtonBase-c50BI prc-Button-IconButton-szpyj" data-loading="false" data-no-visuals="true" data-size="small" data-variant="invisible" aria-describedby=":R4ldklmb:-loading-announcement" aria-labelledby=":R3sldklmb:" id=":R4ldklmb:"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-kebab-horizontal" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M8 9a1.5 1.5 0 1 0 0-3 1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 3ZM1.5 9a1.5 1.5 0 1 0 0-3 1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 3Zm13 0a1.5 1.5 0 1 0 0-3 1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 3Z"></path></svg></button><span class="prc-TooltipV2-Tooltip-cYMVY" data-direction="s" aria-hidden="true" id=":R3sldklmb:">Issue body actions</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="IssueBodyViewer-module__IssueBody--Zg6Wy" id="issue-body-viewer" data-testid="issue-body-viewer"><div data-testid="markdown-body" data-team-hovercards-enabled="true" class="markdown-body" data-turbolinks="false"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 markdown-body NewMarkdownViewer-module__safe-html-box--dKCgP"><p dir="auto">Although not explicitly specified as <a href="https://eel.is/c++draft/res.on.exception.handling#5" rel="nofollow">[res.on.exception.handling]/5</a>, the wording "is known not to throw any exceptions" in the condition column in <a href="https://eel.is/c++draft/tab:meta.unary.prop" rel="nofollow">[tab:meta.unary.prop]</a> for tratis <code class="notranslate">is_nothrow_constructible</code> and <code class="notranslate">is_nothrow_assignable</code> permits to have different results from the status of the fact no functions with non-throwing exception specification will be called in the operations; that is, operations with <em>Throws:</em> in the semantics but no non-throwing exception specification can also be assumed non-throwing. However, the following "(<a href="https://eel.is/c++draft/expr.unary.noexcept" rel="nofollow">[expr.unary.noexcept]</a>)" is quite confusing by suggesting this is all about the case of <code class="notranslate">noexcept-specification</code>. Such internal consistency should be resolved edtiorially, e.g. converting the link to a note.</p>
<p dir="auto">I believe this should be clarified editorially for various reasons (including some reasioning not so editiorial, though):</p>
<ul dir="auto">
<li>The current wording besides the link (which is not explicitly against it) is clear.
<ul dir="auto">
<li>This somehow follows the spirit of the NAD treatment of <a href="https://cplusplus.github.io/LWG/issue2116" rel="nofollow">LWG 2116</a> in <a href="https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2023/p2842r0.pdf" rel="nofollow">P2842</a>.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The suggested resolution (to change the potentionally misleading link) is clear.
<ul dir="auto">
<li>No conformance rule will be changed to be more restrictive in this direction, and absolutely no current conforming implementations will be break.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The opposite direction (to disallow the strenghened results) is problematic.
<ul dir="auto">
<li>The names containing <code class="notranslate">nothrow</code> instead of <code class="notranslate">noexcept</code>, so they should better avoid to tightly couple with <code class="notranslate">noexcept-specification</code>.</li>
<li>As mentioned in P2842, these traits predate <code class="notranslate">noexcept</code>. The history of renaming also indicates they are not coupled with <code class="notranslate">noexcept</code>.</li>
<li>There are risks of breaking some implementation already having the strenghened results in this context (although I have no instance).</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p dir="auto">Moreover, I've encountered some real problems when such traits are strictly bound to <code class="notranslate">noexcept</code> results. Specifically, to eliminate [-Wnoexcept] warnings from G++, the missing of explicit (conditional) <code class="notranslate">noexcept-specification</code> on the constructors of standard library types like <code class="notranslate">std::pair</code> instances makes the work much harder, because the precise location for pragmas to ignore the warning is often difficult to identify when the cause is <code class="notranslate">std</code> types. To work around this, additional exception specification can be added in <em>every</em> suspicious call sites, like:</p>
<div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="namespace my
{
template&lt;typename T, typename... A&gt;
struct is_nothrow_constructible : std::is_nothrow_constructible&lt;T, A...&gt;
{};
// cv-qualified specializations here
template&lt;typename T1, typename T2, typename A1, typename A2&gt;
struct is_nothrow_constructible&lt;std::pair&lt;T1, T2&gt;, A1, A2&gt; : std::bool_constant&lt;std::is_nothrow_constructible&lt;T1, A1&gt;::value &amp;&amp; std::is_nothrow_constructible&lt;T2, A2&gt;::value&gt;
{};
}
// more specializations can be added

using my::is_nothrow_constructible;;

template&lt;typename T, typename... A&gt;
void foo(...) noexcept(is_nothrow_constructible&lt;T, A...&gt;()) // exception specification added
{}"><pre class="notranslate"><code class="notranslate">namespace my
{
template&lt;typename T, typename... A&gt;
struct is_nothrow_constructible : std::is_nothrow_constructible&lt;T, A...&gt;
{};
// cv-qualified specializations here
template&lt;typename T1, typename T2, typename A1, typename A2&gt;
struct is_nothrow_constructible&lt;std::pair&lt;T1, T2&gt;, A1, A2&gt; : std::bool_constant&lt;std::is_nothrow_constructible&lt;T1, A1&gt;::value &amp;&amp; std::is_nothrow_constructible&lt;T2, A2&gt;::value&gt;
{};
}
// more specializations can be added

using my::is_nothrow_constructible;;

template&lt;typename T, typename... A&gt;
void foo(...) noexcept(is_nothrow_constructible&lt;T, A...&gt;()) // exception specification added
{}
</code></pre></div>
<p dir="auto">Then <code class="notranslate">my::is_nothrow_constructible</code> is a drop-in replacement of <code class="notranslate">std::is_nothrow_constructible</code> in almost any practical case in user programs. (Actually this is a user-provided fix of the potential defect of the constructor of <code class="notranslate">std::pair</code>, since the missing <code class="notranslate">noexcept</code> is not for intentional use, esp. allowing reporting the failure of violation of narrow contracts.) However, before it is clarified that strenghened results are allowed in <code class="notranslate">std</code> trait, it will also be confusing in <code class="notranslate">namespace my</code>.  I can hardly come up with a better name in that case, plus replacing <code class="notranslate">is_nothrow_constructible</code> anywhere is far more horrible to just replacing <code class="notranslate">using std::is_nothrow_constructible;</code> by <code class="notranslate">using my::is_nothrow_constructible;</code>. (And surely I can't specialize <code class="notranslate">std::is_nothow_constructible</code> for <code class="notranslate">std::pair&lt;long, long&gt;</code>, as it is undefined behavior.)</p></div></div><div class="IssueBodyViewer-module__IssueBodyTaskList--xb3uu"><!--$--><div role="toolbar" aria-label="Reactions" class="d-flex gap-1 flex-wrap"></div><!--/$--></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div data-testid="issue-viewer-comments-container" class="react-comments-container"><div class="IssueViewer-module__commentsContainer--H8wxg"><!--$!--><template></template><div class="issue-timeline-loading-module__delaySkeletonLoad--OE2Lq" data-testid="issue-timeline-loading"><div><div class="CommentLoading-module__CommentLoadingContainer--I9JkW"><div height="40px" width="40px" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 LoadingSkeleton-sc-14d3f1fe-0 kqdiwS gALJmv"></div><div class="CommentLoading-module__CommentLoadingContentWrapper--Qd0Vg"><div 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class="CommentDivider-module__CommentDividerContainer--fCCZA"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 HpFDd CommentDivider-module__CommentDividerLeftLine--TwR8y"></div><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 HpFDd CommentDivider-module__CommentDividerRightLine--_guT1"></div></div><div data-testid="comment-skeleton" class="CommentLoading-module__CommentLoadingCard--QQ_c8"><div class="CommentLoading-module__CommentLoadingHeader--_JjPE"><div height="sm" width="150px" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 LoadingSkeleton-sc-14d3f1fe-0 jKxfJf gpOnMk"></div></div><div class="CommentLoading-module__CommentLoadingContent--QWS3r"><div height="sm" width="random" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 LoadingSkeleton-sc-14d3f1fe-0 hpcToU cdjIRs"></div><div height="sm" width="random" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 LoadingSkeleton-sc-14d3f1fe-0 hpcToU fzmedS"></div><div height="sm" width="random" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 LoadingSkeleton-sc-14d3f1fe-0 hpcToU ecARVs"></div><div height="sm" width="random" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 LoadingSkeleton-sc-14d3f1fe-0 hpcToU 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prc-Heading-Heading-6CmGO">Assignees</h3></div><span class="Section-module__emptyText--qZ0Bc">No one assigned</span><div class="Section-module__hiddenChildrenContainer--X126P"><ul class="prc-ActionList-ActionList-X4RiC Assignees-module__assigneesList--JFnuE" data-dividers="false" data-variant="full"></ul></div></div></div><div data-testid="sidebar-section" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bbGjsc Section-module__SectionContainer--bIlEv"><div class="Section-module__headerContentWrapper--OIm9m"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bwxuvd"><h3 class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bpDFns SectionHeader-module__SectionHeaderTitle--TxSJL prc-Heading-Heading-6CmGO">Labels</h3></div><span class="Section-module__emptyText--qZ0Bc">No labels</span><div class="Section-module__hiddenChildrenContainer--X126P"><div tabindex="-1" data-testid="issue-labels" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 LabelsList-module__labelsListContainer--bS7BO">No labels</div></div></div></div><div data-testid="sidebar-section" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bbGjsc 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class="ProjectsSection-module__projectItemsContainer--XwAWz"></div></div></div></div><!--/$--><div data-testid="sidebar-section" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bbGjsc Section-module__SectionContainer--bIlEv"><div class="Section-module__headerContentWrapper--OIm9m"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bwxuvd"><h3 class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bpDFns SectionHeader-module__SectionHeaderTitle--TxSJL prc-Heading-Heading-6CmGO">Milestone</h3></div><span class="Section-module__emptyText--qZ0Bc">No milestone</span><div class="Section-module__hiddenChildrenContainer--X126P"><ul class="prc-ActionList-ActionList-X4RiC" data-dividers="false" data-variant="full"><div class="Milestone-module__hiddenPlaceholder--b_yit"></div></ul></div></div></div><!--$--><div data-testid="sidebar-section" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bbGjsc Section-module__SectionContainer--bIlEv"><div class="Section-module__headerContentWrapper--OIm9m"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bwxuvd"><h3 class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bpDFns 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</svg>
      <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check js-clipboard-check-icon color-fg-success d-none m-2">
    <path d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path>
</svg>
    </clipboard-copy>
  </div>
</template>
<template id="snippet-clipboard-copy-button-unpositioned">
  <div class="zeroclipboard-container">
    <clipboard-copy aria-label="Copy" class="ClipboardButton btn btn-invisible js-clipboard-copy m-2 p-0 d-flex flex-justify-center flex-items-center" data-copy-feedback="Copied!" data-tooltip-direction="w">
      <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-copy js-clipboard-copy-icon">
    <path d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 9.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 14.25Z"></path><path d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 5 9.25Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z"></path>
</svg>
      <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check js-clipboard-check-icon color-fg-success d-none">
    <path d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path>
</svg>
    </clipboard-copy>
  </div>
</template>




    </div>
    <div id="js-global-screen-reader-notice" class="sr-only mt-n1" aria-live="polite" aria-atomic="true" ></div>
    <div id="js-global-screen-reader-notice-assertive" class="sr-only mt-n1" aria-live="assertive" aria-atomic="true"></div>
  </body>
</html>

