<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta name="generator" content="Asciidoctor 2.0.23">
<meta name="author" content="René Ferdinand Rivera Morell, Jayesh Badwaik">
<meta name="copyright" content="Copyright 2024 René Ferdinand Rivera Morell, Jayesh Badwaik">
<title>C&#43;&#43; Ecosystem IS Open License</title>
<style>
@import url(https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Varela+Round|Open+Sans:400italic,600italic,400,600|Ubuntu+Mono:400);
/*! normalize.css v2.1.2 | MIT License | git.io/normalize */
/* ========================================================================== HTML5 display definitions ========================================================================== */
/** Correct `block` display not defined in IE 8/9. */
article, aside, details, figcaption, figure, footer, header, hgroup, main, nav, section, summary { display: block; }

/** Correct `inline-block` display not defined in IE 8/9. */
audio, canvas, video { display: inline-block; }

/** Prevent modern browsers from displaying `audio` without controls. Remove excess height in iOS 5 devices. */
audio:not([controls]) { display: none; height: 0; }

/** Address `[hidden]` styling not present in IE 8/9. Hide the `template` element in IE, Safari, and Firefox < 22. */
[hidden], template { display: none; }

script { display: none !important; }

/* ========================================================================== Base ========================================================================== */
/** 1. Set default font family to sans-serif. 2. Prevent iOS text size adjust after orientation change, without disabling user zoom. */
html { font-family: sans-serif; /* 1 */ -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; /* 2 */ -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; /* 2 */ }

/** Remove default margin. */
body { margin: 0; }

/* ========================================================================== Links ========================================================================== */
/** Remove the gray background color from active links in IE 10. */
a { background: transparent; }

/** Address `outline` inconsistency between Chrome and other browsers. */
a:focus { outline: thin dotted; }

/** Improve readability when focused and also mouse hovered in all browsers. */
a:active, a:hover { outline: 0; }

/* ========================================================================== Typography ========================================================================== */
/** Address variable `h1` font-size and margin within `section` and `article` contexts in Firefox 4+, Safari 5, and Chrome. */
h1 { font-size: 2em; margin: 0.67em 0; }

/** Address styling not present in IE 8/9, Safari 5, and Chrome. */
abbr[title] { border-bottom: 1px dotted; }

/** Address style set to `bolder` in Firefox 4+, Safari 5, and Chrome. */
b, strong { font-weight: bold; }

/** Address styling not present in Safari 5 and Chrome. */
dfn { font-style: italic; }

/** Address differences between Firefox and other browsers. */
hr { -moz-box-sizing: content-box; box-sizing: content-box; height: 0; }

/** Address styling not present in IE 8/9. */
mark { background: #ff0; color: #000; }

/** Correct font family set oddly in Safari 5 and Chrome. */
code, kbd, pre, samp { font-family: monospace, serif; font-size: 1em; }

/** Improve readability of pre-formatted text in all browsers. */
pre { white-space: pre-wrap; }

/** Set consistent quote types. */
q { quotes: "\201C" "\201D" "\2018" "\2019"; }

/** Address inconsistent and variable font size in all browsers. */
small { font-size: 80%; }

/** Prevent `sub` and `sup` affecting `line-height` in all browsers. */
sub, sup { font-size: 75%; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; }

sup { top: -0.5em; }

sub { bottom: -0.25em; }

/* ========================================================================== Embedded content ========================================================================== */
/** Remove border when inside `a` element in IE 8/9. */
img { border: 0; }

/** Correct overflow displayed oddly in IE 9. */
svg:not(:root) { overflow: hidden; }

/* ========================================================================== Figures ========================================================================== */
/** Address margin not present in IE 8/9 and Safari 5. */
figure { margin: 0; }

/* ========================================================================== Forms ========================================================================== */
/** Define consistent border, margin, and padding. */
fieldset { border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; margin: 0 2px; padding: 0.35em 0.625em 0.75em; }

/** 1. Correct `color` not being inherited in IE 8/9. 2. Remove padding so people aren't caught out if they zero out fieldsets. */
legend { border: 0; /* 1 */ padding: 0; /* 2 */ }

/** 1. Correct font family not being inherited in all browsers. 2. Correct font size not being inherited in all browsers. 3. Address margins set differently in Firefox 4+, Safari 5, and Chrome. */
button, input, select, textarea { font-family: inherit; /* 1 */ font-size: 100%; /* 2 */ margin: 0; /* 3 */ }

/** Address Firefox 4+ setting `line-height` on `input` using `!important` in the UA stylesheet. */
button, input { line-height: normal; }

/** Address inconsistent `text-transform` inheritance for `button` and `select`. All other form control elements do not inherit `text-transform` values. Correct `button` style inheritance in Chrome, Safari 5+, and IE 8+. Correct `select` style inheritance in Firefox 4+ and Opera. */
button, select { text-transform: none; }

/** 1. Avoid the WebKit bug in Android 4.0.* where (2) destroys native `audio` and `video` controls. 2. Correct inability to style clickable `input` types in iOS. 3. Improve usability and consistency of cursor style between image-type `input` and others. */
button, html input[type="button"], input[type="reset"], input[type="submit"] { -webkit-appearance: button; /* 2 */ cursor: pointer; /* 3 */ }

/** Re-set default cursor for disabled elements. */
button[disabled], html input[disabled] { cursor: default; }

/** 1. Address box sizing set to `content-box` in IE 8/9. 2. Remove excess padding in IE 8/9. */
input[type="checkbox"], input[type="radio"] { box-sizing: border-box; /* 1 */ padding: 0; /* 2 */ }

/** 1. Address `appearance` set to `searchfield` in Safari 5 and Chrome. 2. Address `box-sizing` set to `border-box` in Safari 5 and Chrome (include `-moz` to future-proof). */
input[type="search"] { -webkit-appearance: textfield; /* 1 */ -moz-box-sizing: content-box; -webkit-box-sizing: content-box; /* 2 */ box-sizing: content-box; }

/** Remove inner padding and search cancel button in Safari 5 and Chrome on OS X. */
input[type="search"]::-webkit-search-cancel-button, input[type="search"]::-webkit-search-decoration { -webkit-appearance: none; }

/** Remove inner padding and border in Firefox 4+. */
button::-moz-focus-inner, input::-moz-focus-inner { border: 0; padding: 0; }

/** 1. Remove default vertical scrollbar in IE 8/9. 2. Improve readability and alignment in all browsers. */
textarea { overflow: auto; /* 1 */ vertical-align: top; /* 2 */ }

/* ========================================================================== Tables ========================================================================== */
/** Remove most spacing between table cells. */
table { border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0; }

meta.foundation-mq-small { font-family: "only screen and (min-width: 768px)"; width: 768px; }

meta.foundation-mq-medium { font-family: "only screen and (min-width:1280px)"; width: 1280px; }

meta.foundation-mq-large { font-family: "only screen and (min-width:1440px)"; width: 1440px; }

*, *:before, *:after { -moz-box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box; }

html, body { font-size: 100%; }

body { background: #fefdfd; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8); padding: 0; margin: 0; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 1; position: relative; cursor: auto; }

a:hover { cursor: pointer; }

img, object, embed { max-width: 100%; height: auto; }

object, embed { height: 100%; }

img { -ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic; }

#map_canvas img, #map_canvas embed, #map_canvas object, .map_canvas img, .map_canvas embed, .map_canvas object { max-width: none !important; }

.left { float: left !important; }

.right { float: right !important; }

.text-left { text-align: left !important; }

.text-right { text-align: right !important; }

.text-center { text-align: center !important; }

.text-justify { text-align: justify !important; }

.hide { display: none; }

.antialiased { -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; }

img { display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; }

textarea { height: auto; min-height: 50px; }

select { width: 100%; }

p.lead { font-size: 1.21875em; line-height: 1.6; }

.subheader, .admonitionblock td.content > .title, .audioblock > .title, .exampleblock > .title, .imageblock > .title, .listingblock > .title, .literalblock > .title, .stemblock > .title, .openblock > .title, .paragraph > .title, .quoteblock > .title, table.tableblock > .title, .verseblock > .title, .videoblock > .title, .dlist > .title, .olist > .title, .ulist > .title, .qlist > .title, .hdlist > .title { line-height: 1.25; color: #002c5e; font-weight: 300; margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; }

/* Typography resets */
div, dl, dt, dd, ul, ol, li, h1, h2, h3, #toctitle, .sidebarblock > .content > .title, h4, h5, h6, pre, form, p, blockquote, th, td { margin: 0; padding: 0; direction: ltr; }

/* Default Link Styles */
a { color: #005580; text-decoration: underline; line-height: inherit; }
a:hover, a:focus { color: #078d71; }
a img { border: none; }

/* Default paragraph styles */
p { font-family: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 1.25em; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; }
p aside { font-size: 0.875em; line-height: 1.35; font-style: italic; }

/* Default header styles */
h1, h2, h3, #toctitle, .sidebarblock > .content > .title, h4, h5, h6 { font-family: "Varela Round", sans-serif; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; color: #00326b; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin-top: 0.8em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; line-height: 1.0625em; }
h1 small, h2 small, h3 small, #toctitle small, .sidebarblock > .content > .title small, h4 small, h5 small, h6 small { font-size: 60%; color: #057aff; line-height: 0; }

h1 { font-size: 2.125em; }

h2 { font-size: 1.6875em; }

h3, #toctitle, .sidebarblock > .content > .title { font-size: 1.375em; }

h4 { font-size: 1.125em; }

h5 { font-size: 1.125em; }

h6 { font-size: 1em; }

hr { border: solid rgba(145, 135, 84, 0.15); border-width: 1px 0 0; clear: both; margin: 1.25em 0 1.1875em; height: 0; }

/* Helpful Typography Defaults */
em, i { font-style: italic; line-height: inherit; }

strong, b { font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit; }

small { font-size: 60%; line-height: inherit; }

code { font-family: "Ubuntu Mono", "Inconsolata", monospace; font-weight: 400; color: #331d00; }

/* Lists */
ul, ol, dl { font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 1.25em; list-style-position: outside; font-family: inherit; }

ul, ol { margin-left: 1.5em; }
ul.no-bullet, ol.no-bullet { margin-left: 1.5em; }

/* Unordered Lists */
ul li ul, ul li ol { margin-left: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0; font-size: 1em; /* Override nested font-size change */ }
ul.square li ul, ul.circle li ul, ul.disc li ul { list-style: inherit; }
ul.square { list-style-type: square; }
ul.circle { list-style-type: circle; }
ul.disc { list-style-type: disc; }
ul.no-bullet { list-style: none; }

/* Ordered Lists */
ol li ul, ol li ol { margin-left: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0; }

/* Definition Lists */
dl dt { margin-bottom: 0.3125em; font-weight: bold; }
dl dd { margin-bottom: 1.25em; }

/* Abbreviations */
abbr, acronym { text-transform: uppercase; font-size: 90%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8); border-bottom: 1px dotted #ddd; cursor: help; }

abbr { text-transform: none; }

/* Blockquotes */
blockquote { margin: 0 0 1.25em; padding: 0.5625em 1.25em 0 1.1875em; border-left: 1px solid #ddd; }
blockquote cite { display: block; font-size: 0.8125em; color: #666; }
blockquote cite:before { content: "\2014 \0020"; }
blockquote cite a, blockquote cite a:visited { color: #666; }

blockquote, blockquote p { line-height: 1.5; color: #999; }

/* Microformats */
.vcard { display: inline-block; margin: 0 0 1.25em 0; border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 0.625em 0.75em; }
.vcard li { margin: 0; display: block; }
.vcard .fn { font-weight: bold; font-size: 0.9375em; }

.vevent .summary { font-weight: bold; }
.vevent abbr { cursor: auto; text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; border: none; padding: 0 0.0625em; }

@media only screen and (min-width: 768px) { h1, h2, h3, #toctitle, .sidebarblock > .content > .title, h4, h5, h6 { line-height: 1.25; }
  h1 { font-size: 2.75em; }
  h2 { font-size: 2.3125em; }
  h3, #toctitle, .sidebarblock > .content > .title { font-size: 1.6875em; }
  h4 { font-size: 1.4375em; } }
/* Tables */
table { background: #fff; margin-bottom: 1.25em; border: solid 1px rgba(145, 135, 84, 0.15); }
table thead, table tfoot { background: rgba(119, 84, 22, 0.1); font-weight: bold; }
table thead tr th, table thead tr td, table tfoot tr th, table tfoot tr td { padding: 0.5em 0.625em 0.625em; font-size: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8); text-align: left; }
table tr th, table tr td { padding: 0.5625em 0.625em; font-size: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8); }
table tr.even, table tr.alt, table tr:nth-of-type(even) { background: rgba(119, 84, 22, 0.025); }
table thead tr th, table tfoot tr th, table tbody tr td, table tr td, table tfoot tr td { display: table-cell; line-height: 1.5; }

body { tab-size: 4; word-wrap: anywhere; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; }

table { word-wrap: normal; }

h1, h2, h3, #toctitle, .sidebarblock > .content > .title, h4, h5, h6 { line-height: 1.25; }

object, svg { display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; }

.center { margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; }

.stretch { width: 100%; }

.clearfix:before, .clearfix:after, .float-group:before, .float-group:after { content: " "; display: table; }
.clearfix:after, .float-group:after { clear: both; }

:not(pre).nobreak { word-wrap: normal; }
:not(pre).nowrap { white-space: nowrap; }
:not(pre).pre-wrap { white-space: pre-wrap; }

:not(pre):not([class^=L]) > code { font-size: 1.0625em; font-style: normal !important; letter-spacing: 0; padding: 0; line-height: 1.25; }

pre { color: inherit; font-family: "Liberation Mono", "Consolas", monospace; line-height: 1.4; }
pre code, pre pre { color: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; }
pre > code { display: block; }

pre.nowrap, pre.nowrap pre { white-space: pre; word-wrap: normal; }

em em { font-style: normal; }

strong strong { font-weight: normal; }

.keyseq { color: rgba(51, 51, 51, 0.8); }

kbd { font-family: "Ubuntu Mono", "Inconsolata", monospace; display: inline-block; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8); font-size: 0.65em; line-height: 1.45; background-color: #f7f7f7; border: 1px solid #ccc; -webkit-border-radius: 3px; border-radius: 3px; -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2), 0 0 0 0.1em white inset; -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2), 0 0 0 0.1em white inset; box-shadow: 0 1px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2), 0 0 0 0.1em white inset; margin: 0 0.15em; padding: 0.2em 0.5em; vertical-align: middle; position: relative; top: -0.1em; white-space: nowrap; }

.keyseq kbd:first-child { margin-left: 0; }

.keyseq kbd:last-child { margin-right: 0; }

.menuseq, .menuref { color: #000; }

.menuseq b:not(.caret), .menuref { font-weight: inherit; }

.menuseq { word-spacing: -0.02em; }
.menuseq b.caret { font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 0.8; }
.menuseq i.caret { font-weight: bold; text-align: center; width: 0.45em; }

b.button:before, b.button:after { position: relative; top: -1px; font-weight: normal; }

b.button:before { content: "["; padding: 0 3px 0 2px; }

b.button:after { content: "]"; padding: 0 2px 0 3px; }

p a > code:hover { color: #1a0f00; }

#header, #content, #footnotes, #footer { width: 100%; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; max-width: 62.5em; *zoom: 1; position: relative; padding-left: 0.9375em; padding-right: 0.9375em; }
#header:before, #header:after, #content:before, #content:after, #footnotes:before, #footnotes:after, #footer:before, #footer:after { content: " "; display: table; }
#header:after, #content:after, #footnotes:after, #footer:after { clear: both; }

#content { margin-top: 1.25em; }

#content:before { content: none; }

#header > h1:first-child { color: #703f1c; margin-top: 2.25rem; margin-bottom: 0; }
#header > h1:first-child + #toc { margin-top: 8px; border-top: 1px solid rgba(145, 135, 84, 0.15); }
#header > h1:only-child, body.toc2 #header > h1:nth-last-child(2) { border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(145, 135, 84, 0.15); padding-bottom: 8px; }
#header .details { border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(145, 135, 84, 0.15); line-height: 1.45; padding-top: 0.25em; padding-bottom: 0.25em; padding-left: 0.25em; color: #666; display: -ms-flexbox; display: -webkit-flex; display: flex; -ms-flex-flow: row wrap; -webkit-flex-flow: row wrap; flex-flow: row wrap; }
#header .details span:first-child { margin-left: -0.125em; }
#header .details span.email a { color: #999; }
#header .details br { display: none; }
#header .details br + span:before { content: "\00a0\2013\00a0"; }
#header .details br + span.author:before { content: "\00a0\22c5\00a0"; color: #999; }
#header .details br + span#revremark:before { content: "\00a0|\00a0"; }
#header #revnumber { text-transform: capitalize; }
#header #revnumber:after { content: "\00a0"; }

#content > h1:first-child:not([class]) { color: #703f1c; border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(145, 135, 84, 0.15); padding-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 0; padding-top: 1rem; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; }

#toc { border-bottom: 0px solid #ddd; padding-bottom: 0.5em; }
#toc > ul { margin-left: 0.125em; }
#toc ul.sectlevel0 > li > a { font-style: italic; }
#toc ul.sectlevel0 ul.sectlevel1 { margin: 0.5em 0; }
#toc ul { font-family: "Varela Round", sans-serif; list-style-type: none; }
#toc li { line-height: 1.3334; margin-top: 0.3334em; }
#toc a { text-decoration: none; }
#toc a:active { text-decoration: underline; }

#toctitle { color: #002c5e; font-size: 1.2em; }

@media only screen and (min-width: 768px) { #toctitle { font-size: 1.375em; }
  body.toc2 { padding-left: 15em; padding-right: 0; }
  #toc.toc2 { margin-top: 0 !important; background: #f2f2f4; position: fixed; width: 15em; left: 0; top: 0; border-right: 1px solid #ddd; border-top-width: 0 !important; border-bottom-width: 0 !important; z-index: 1000; padding: 1.25em 1em; height: 100%; overflow: auto; }
  #toc.toc2 #toctitle { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0.8rem; font-size: 1.2em; }
  #toc.toc2 > ul { font-size: 0.9em; margin-bottom: 0; }
  #toc.toc2 ul ul { margin-left: 0; padding-left: 1em; }
  #toc.toc2 ul.sectlevel0 ul.sectlevel1 { padding-left: 0; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; }
  body.toc2.toc-right { padding-left: 0; padding-right: 15em; }
  body.toc2.toc-right #toc.toc2 { border-right-width: 0; border-left: 1px solid #ddd; left: auto; right: 0; } }
@media only screen and (min-width: 1280px) { body.toc2 { padding-left: 20em; padding-right: 0; }
  #toc.toc2 { width: 20em; }
  #toc.toc2 #toctitle { font-size: 1.375em; }
  #toc.toc2 > ul { font-size: 0.95em; }
  #toc.toc2 ul ul { padding-left: 1.25em; }
  body.toc2.toc-right { padding-left: 0; padding-right: 20em; } }
#content #toc { border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; border-color: #d6d6dd; margin-bottom: 1.25em; padding: 1.25em; background: #f2f2f4; -webkit-border-radius: 6px; border-radius: 6px; }
#content #toc > :first-child { margin-top: 0; }
#content #toc > :last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }

#footer { max-width: none; background: #0b445a; padding: 1.25em; }

#footer-text { color: #fefdfd; line-height: 1.35; }

#content { margin-bottom: 0.625em; }

.sect1 { padding-bottom: 0.625em; }

@media only screen and (min-width: 768px) { #content { margin-bottom: 1.25em; }
  .sect1 { padding-bottom: 1.25em; } }
.sect1:last-child { padding-bottom: 0; }

.sect1 + .sect1 { border-top: 0px solid #ddd; }

#content h1 > a.anchor, h2 > a.anchor, h3 > a.anchor, #toctitle > a.anchor, .sidebarblock > .content > .title > a.anchor, h4 > a.anchor, h5 > a.anchor, h6 > a.anchor { position: absolute; z-index: 1001; width: 1.5ex; margin-left: -1.5ex; display: block; text-decoration: none !important; visibility: hidden; text-align: center; font-weight: normal; }
#content h1 > a.anchor:before, h2 > a.anchor:before, h3 > a.anchor:before, #toctitle > a.anchor:before, .sidebarblock > .content > .title > a.anchor:before, h4 > a.anchor:before, h5 > a.anchor:before, h6 > a.anchor:before { content: "\00A7"; font-size: 0.85em; display: block; padding-top: 0.1em; }
#content h1:hover > a.anchor, #content h1 > a.anchor:hover, h2:hover > a.anchor, h2 > a.anchor:hover, h3:hover > a.anchor, #toctitle:hover > a.anchor, .sidebarblock > .content > .title:hover > a.anchor, h3 > a.anchor:hover, #toctitle > a.anchor:hover, .sidebarblock > .content > .title > a.anchor:hover, h4:hover > a.anchor, h4 > a.anchor:hover, h5:hover > a.anchor, h5 > a.anchor:hover, h6:hover > a.anchor, h6 > a.anchor:hover { visibility: visible; }
#content h1 > a.link, h2 > a.link, h3 > a.link, #toctitle > a.link, .sidebarblock > .content > .title > a.link, h4 > a.link, h5 > a.link, h6 > a.link { color: #00326b; text-decoration: none; }
#content h1 > a.link:hover, h2 > a.link:hover, h3 > a.link:hover, #toctitle > a.link:hover, .sidebarblock > .content > .title > a.link:hover, h4 > a.link:hover, h5 > a.link:hover, h6 > a.link:hover { color: #002652; }

details, .audioblock, .imageblock, .literalblock, .listingblock, .stemblock, .videoblock { margin-bottom: 1.25em; }

details > summary:first-of-type { cursor: pointer; display: list-item; outline: none; margin-bottom: 0.75em; }

.admonitionblock td.content > .title, .audioblock > .title, .exampleblock > .title, .imageblock > .title, .listingblock > .title, .literalblock > .title, .stemblock > .title, .openblock > .title, .paragraph > .title, .quoteblock > .title, table.tableblock > .title, .verseblock > .title, .videoblock > .title, .dlist > .title, .olist > .title, .ulist > .title, .qlist > .title, .hdlist > .title { text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; text-align: left; }

table.tableblock.fit-content > caption.title { white-space: nowrap; width: 0; }

.paragraph.lead > p, #preamble > .sectionbody > [class="paragraph"]:first-of-type p { font-size: 1.21875em; line-height: 1.6; color: #703f1c; }

table.tableblock #preamble > .sectionbody > [class="paragraph"]:first-of-type p { font-size: inherit; }

.admonitionblock > table { border-collapse: separate; border: 0; background: none; width: 100%; }
.admonitionblock > table td.icon { text-align: center; width: 80px; }
.admonitionblock > table td.icon img { max-width: none; }
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</head>
<body class="article toc2 toc-left">
<div id="header">
<h1>C&#43;&#43; Ecosystem IS Open License</h1>
<div class="details">
<span id="author" class="author">René Ferdinand Rivera Morell, Jayesh Badwaik</span><br>
<span id="email" class="email"><a href="mailto:grafikrobot@gmail.com">grafikrobot@gmail.com</a>, <a href="mailto:jayesh@badwaik.dev">jayesh@badwaik.dev</a></span><br>
<span id="revnumber"> P3339R0,</span>
<span id="revdate">2024-06-23</span>
</div>
<div id="toc" class="toc2">
<div id="toctitle">Table of Contents</div>
<ul class="sectlevel1">
<li><a href="#_abstract">1. Abstract</a></li>
<li><a href="#_revision_history">2. Revision History</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_revision_0_june_2024">2.1. Revision 0 (June 2024)</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_motivation">3. Motivation</a></li>
<li><a href="#_proposal">4. Proposal</a></li>
<li><a href="#_iso_and_copyright">5. ISO and Copyright</a></li>
<li><a href="#_license">6. License</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
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<div id="preamble">
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<div class="hdlist">
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<td class="hdlist1">
Document #: 
</td>
<td class="hdlist2">
<p>ISO/IEC/JTC1/SC22/WG21/P3339R0</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="hdlist1">
Date: 
</td>
<td class="hdlist2">
<p>2024-06-23</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="hdlist1">
Audience: 
</td>
<td class="hdlist2">
<p>WG21</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="hdlist1">
Authors: 
</td>
<td class="hdlist2">
<p>René Ferdinand Rivera Morell, Jayesh Badwaik</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="hdlist1">
Reply-to: 
</td>
<td class="hdlist2">
<p><a href="mailto:grafikrobot@gmail.com">grafikrobot@gmail.com</a>, <a href="mailto:jayesh@badwaik.dev">jayesh@badwaik.dev</a></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="hdlist1">
Copyright: 
</td>
<td class="hdlist2">
<p>Copyright 2024 René Ferdinand Rivera Morell, Jayesh Badwaik, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_abstract"><a class="anchor" href="#_abstract"></a>1. Abstract</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>In this paper, we advocate for the C&#43;&#43; Ecosystem IS (EcoIS) to adopt a CC-BY
license for the development and publication of the standard in order to allow
for seamless use of the standard by the community and to facilitate community
contributions back to the standard. We outline the proposals and explain how it
fits within the current copyright policy of the ISO.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_revision_history"><a class="anchor" href="#_revision_history"></a>2. Revision History</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_revision_0_june_2024"><a class="anchor" href="#_revision_0_june_2024"></a>2.1. Revision 0 (June 2024)</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Initial text.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_motivation"><a class="anchor" href="#_motivation"></a>3. Motivation</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>EcoIS aims to facilitate the interoperation of tools and systems that
implement, and interface with, the C&#43;&#43; International Standard (ISO/IEC
14882). The ecosystem of tools and systems is quite diverse and evolving
swiftly in response to evolving technologies and user needs. Furthermore, a
significant portion of the tools and systems are developed by loosely formed
communities of developers across different countries and companies.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>In order for the EcoIS to be effective, it must be able to incorporate the
ideas and experiences of the community in a timely manner without excessive
overhead. In particular, the community should be able to contribute to the
EcoIS and be able to then use EcoIS in their own ecosystems with as little
friction as possible.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The CC-BY license, created by the Creative Commons organization, allows one to
share and adapt licensed material as long as appropriate credit is given. Such
a license would allow the EcoIS to be developed and published in a way that is
open and free to use by the community. With such a license, the community will
be able to use the standard in their own tools and systems, and be able to
contribute back to the standard in a seamless manner.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_proposal"><a class="anchor" href="#_proposal"></a>4. Proposal</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Our proposal is to develop the EcoIS from individually copyrighted content with
a license that allows for unfettered use by ISO for development and commercial
use. Specifically it would be that:</p>
</div>
<div class="olist arabic">
<ol class="arabic">
<li>
<p>Individual Pnnnn papers would be copyrighted by the authors and licensed under
the "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License" (CC-BY-4.0).
<sup class="footnote" id="_footnote_CCBY4">[<a id="_footnoteref_1" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_1" title="View footnote.">1</a>]</sup></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The resulting EcoIS Nnnnn draft paper and published International Standard
would be copyrighted by the collection of authors and ISO/IEC.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The resulting EcoIS Nnnnn draft paper and published International Standard
would be licensed under CC-BY-4.0 and include required attribution.</p>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_iso_and_copyright"><a class="anchor" href="#_iso_and_copyright"></a>5. ISO and Copyright</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>In this section, we justify the proposal under the current copyright policy of
the ISO. The main aspects of copyright policy that one must consider when
working on an ISO standard are outlined in <em>Declaration for participants in ISO
activities</em>
<sup class="footnote" id="_footnote_ISODeclaration">[<a id="_footnoteref_2" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_2" title="View footnote.">2</a>]</sup>
and in the <em>ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1</em>
<sup class="footnote" id="_footnote_ISODirectives">[<a id="_footnoteref_3" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_3" title="View footnote.">3</a>]</sup>
which outlines the copyright policy for anyone involved in the ISO
standardization process.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The complete text of the section on copyright from  <em>Declaration for
participants in ISO activities</em> <sup class="footnoteref">[<a class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_2" title="View footnote.">2</a>]</sup> is reproduced here
for the reader&#8217;s benefit, with the key parts underlined:</p>
</div>
<div class="quoteblock">
<blockquote>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>I. Copyright</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>You may participate in drafting ISO and ISO/IEC standards and you may submit
content to the ISO and ISO/IEC standards development process. By participating
in the ISO standards development process you get access to all kinds of
information filed during this process such as standards and their drafts,
content, etc. Content can be any kind of content submitted in the standards
development process, such as publications, documents, text, figures, images,
software, etc., to be considered for inclusion in ISO and ISO/IEC standards.
You agree that:</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>1) The full copyright in all ISO standards and their drafts shall be owned by
ISO. In the case of ISO/IEC standards, such ownership shall be held jointly by
ISO and IEC.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph underline">
<p>2) Content, such as publications, documents, text, figures, images or other
content that you submit to the ISO or ISO/IEC standards development process
may be copyright protected. Copyright in such content remains with the initial
copyright owner. If you offer such content, you undertake to declare this to
ISO or ISO/IEC, identify the name of the copyright holder and assist ISO or
ISO/IEC in obtaining appropriate permission to i) share the content in the
standards development process, ii) to publish the content, or parts thereof,
in original or modified form in ISO or ISO/IEC standards and iii) to exploit
the content as part of an ISO or ISO/IEC standard according to ISO and IEC
practice. If you or the organization you are representing own/s the copyright
in the content, such permission is implicitly granted to ISO or ISO/IEC, upon
submission of the content to the standards development process. More details
about the scope of the above permission are available at
<a href="https://connect.iso.org/x/SYBGAQ">connect.iso.org/x/SYBGAQ</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>3) You agree to respect copyright in the standards, draft standards, and
content of others submitted to the standards development process. You are
allowed to share the standards and drafts thereof within the standards
development process according to ISO&#8217;s copyright policy, POCOSA. POCOSA does
not permit you to post standards and drafts thereof on the Internet for free
public access.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>4) Participation in the drafting of the standards, and content to the
standards development process, are provided without any payment by ISO or IEC
to you or any third party.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>5) Full copyright includes but is not limited to the exclusive right of
reproduction, distribution, making available to the public, translation,
adaptation, in any existing or future electronic or printed format, for the
entire term of copyright protection.</p>
</div>
</blockquote>
<div class="attribution">
&#8212; Declaration for participants in ISO activities
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Let&#8217;s break down the underlying text to understand the implications of the
copyright policy for the EcoIS.</p>
</div>
<div class="quoteblock">
<blockquote>
1) The full copyright in all ISO standards and their drafts shall be owned by
ISO. In the case of ISO/IEC standards, such ownership shall be held jointly by
ISO and IEC.
</blockquote>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The sentence asserts that the full copyright for ISO standards is held by ISO.
And in the case of joint standards, the copyright is held jointly by ISO and
IEC.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>In preparation for the arguments that follow, we note that it is not unusual in
the copyright law for the copyright holder to hold full copyright to only the
complete work, while the individual contributors can still hold a copyright to
their individual parts. In particular, it is possible for a document containing
the entire text of the EcoIS standard to be copyrighted by the collection of
authors, while the actual standard, as published, is copyrighted by ISO.</p>
</div>
<div class="quoteblock">
<blockquote>
Content, such as publications, documents, text, figures, images or other
content that you submit to the ISO or ISO/IEC standards development process
may be copyright protected.
</blockquote>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The sentence provides the context under which the rest of the paragraph is
supposed to be applied. The sentence recognizes that parts, or even entirety,
of the content used for ISO standards can have an existing copyright. For
example, the copyright for such content could be held by an external standards
organization or by an individual person.</p>
</div>
<div class="quoteblock">
<blockquote>
Copyright in such content remains with the initial copyright owner.
</blockquote>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The declaration asserts that, in such cases, the copyright remains with the
original copyright holder. Such an assertion is in line with the observation
made in a previous statement, that even though the ISO holds the full copyright
to the complete work, the individual contributors can still hold a copyright to
their individual contributions.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The assertion is further in line with the understood International Law that
copyright is not automatically transferred.</p>
</div>
<div class="quoteblock">
<blockquote>
If you offer such content, you undertake to declare this to ISO or ISO/IEC,
identify the name of the copyright holder and assist ISO or ISO/IEC in
obtaining appropriate permission to i) share the content in the standards
development process, ii) to publish the content, or parts thereof, in original
or modified form in ISO or ISO/IEC standards and iii) to exploit the content as
part of an ISO or ISO/IEC standard according to ISO and IEC practice.
</blockquote>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This next rather long sentence essentially is a permissive license grant to ISO
that gives ISO the rights to use the contents in the manner specified above. We
note we do not have to use this specific license grant, and that any license
grant that allows ISO to use the content in the manner specified above is an
acceptable license grant for the ISO. In particular, we note that CC-BY is such
a license grant.</p>
</div>
<div class="quoteblock">
<blockquote>
If you or the organization you are representing own/s the copyright
in the content, such permission is implicitly granted to ISO or ISO/IEC, upon
submission of the content to the standards development process.
</blockquote>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The above makes it rather simple to give ISO the appropriate license grant by
making it an implicit part of submitting content to ISO. We note that the
application of CC-BY license is compatible with this implicit grant.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The ISO/IEC Directives <sup class="footnoteref">[<a class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_3" title="View footnote.">3</a>]</sup> repeat the same information but
in less legally formal terms. Here&#8217;s the relevant clause in that document with
similarly underlined text to highlight the important paragraphs.</p>
</div>
<div class="quoteblock">
<blockquote>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>2.13 Copyright</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The copyright for all drafts and International Standards and other publications
belongs to ISO, IEC or ISO and IEC, respectively as represented by the Office
of the CEO.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph underline">
<p>The content of, for example, an International Standard may originate from a
number of sources, including existing national standards, articles published in
scientific or trade journals, original research and development work,
descriptions of commercialized products, etc. These sources may be subject to
one or more rights.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph underline">
<p>In ISO and IEC, there is an understanding that original material contributed to
becoming a part of an ISO, IEC or ISO/IEC publication can be copied and
distributed within the ISO and/or IEC systems (as relevant) as part of the
consensus building process, this being without prejudice to the rights of the
original copyright owner to exploit the original text elsewhere. Where the
material is already subject to copyright, the right should be granted to ISO
and/or IEC to reproduce and circulate the material. This is frequently done
without recourse to a written agreement or, at most, to a simple written
statement of acceptance. Where contributors wish a formal signed agreement
concerning the copyright of any submissions they make to ISO and/or IEC, such
requests shall be addressed to ISO Central Secretariat or the IEC Secretariat,
respectively.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Attention is drawn to the fact that the respective members of ISO and IEC have
the right to adopt and re-publish any respective ISO and/or IEC document as
their national standard. Similar forms of endorsement do or may exist (for
example, with regional standardization organizations).</p>
</div>
</blockquote>
<div class="attribution">
&#8212; ISO/IEC Directives<br>
<cite>Part 1 Procedures for the technical work — Consolidated ISO Supplement — Procedures specific to ISO</cite>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>As you may have noticed an important condition to this alternative copyright
route to be available is for the paper, draft, etc to be originally copyrighted.
Which currently, for all the EcoIS content is the case. Including this very
paper that you are reading. See the following for such:</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p><a href="https://wg21.link/P2717">P2717</a> SG15 Tooling: Tool Introspection</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://wg21.link/P3051">P3051</a> SG15 Tooling: Structured Response Files</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_license"><a class="anchor" href="#_license"></a>6. License</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
License. To view a copy of this license, visit
<a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" class="bare">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a> or send a letter to Creative
Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="footnotes">
<hr>
<div class="footnote" id="_footnotedef_1">
<a href="#_footnoteref_1">1</a>. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" class="bare">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a>)
</div>
<div class="footnote" id="_footnotedef_2">
<a href="#_footnoteref_2">2</a>. Declaration for participants in ISO activities (<a href="https://www.iso.org/declaration-for-participants-in-iso-activities.html" class="bare">https://www.iso.org/declaration-for-participants-in-iso-activities.html</a>)
</div>
<div class="footnote" id="_footnotedef_3">
<a href="#_footnoteref_3">3</a>. ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 Procedures for the technical work — Consolidated ISO Supplement — Procedures specific to ISO (<a href="https://www.iso.org/directives-and-policies.html" class="bare">https://www.iso.org/directives-and-policies.html</a>)
</div>
</div>
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