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        Add std::views::indices(n) - HackMD
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</style><table><tbody>
<tr><th>Doc. no.:</th>    <td>P3060R2</td></tr>
<tr><th>Date:</th>        <td>2025-2-14</td></tr>
<tr><th>Audience:</th>    <td>LEWG</td></tr>
<tr><th>Reply-to:</th>
    <td>Weile Wei &lt;weilewei09@gmail.com&gt;
    <br>Zhihao Yuan &lt;zy@miator.net&gt;</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table><h1 id="Add-stdviewsindicesn" data-id="Add-stdviewsindicesn"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Add-stdviewsindicesn" title="Add-stdviewsindicesn"><span class="octicon octicon-link ph ph-link-simple-horizontal"></span></a><span>Add std::views::indices(n)</span></h1><p><span class="toc"><ul>
<li><a href="#Add-stdviewsindicesn" title="Add std::views::indices(n)">Add std::views::indices(n)</a><ul>
<li><a href="#Revision-History" title="Revision History">Revision History</a></li>
<li><a href="#Abstract" title="Abstract">Abstract</a></li>
<li><a href="#Motivation" title="Motivation">Motivation</a></li>
<li><a href="#Implementation-and-Usage" title="Implementation and Usage">Implementation and Usage</a></li>
<li><a href="#Prior-Art" title="Prior Art">Prior Art</a></li>
<li><a href="#Technical-Decisions" title="Technical Decisions">Technical Decisions</a></li>
<li><a href="#Wording" title="Wording">Wording</a></li>
<li><a href="#References" title="References">References</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</span></p><h2 id="Revision-History" data-id="Revision-History"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Revision-History" title="Revision-History"><span class="octicon octicon-link ph ph-link-simple-horizontal"></span></a><span>Revision History</span></h2><dl>
<dt><span>Since R0</span></dt>
<dd>
<ul>
<li><span>Move </span><code>upto</code><span> from the </span><code>std::ranges</code><span> namespace into </span><code>std::views</code></li>
<li><span>Use a more convincing example</span></li>
<li><span>Incorporate with the current </span><code>iota</code><span> wording in the standard</span></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt><span>Since R1</span></dt>
<dd>
<ul>
<li><span>Change the name </span><code>views::upto</code><span> to </span><code>views::indices</code><span>.</span></li>
<li><span>Use the </span><code>is-integer-like</code><span> exposition-only constraint rather than the </span><code>std::integral</code><span> (</span><code>is-integer-like</code><span> allows implementation-defined types and removes bool).</span></li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl><h2 id="Abstract" data-id="Abstract"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Abstract" title="Abstract"><span class="octicon octicon-link ph ph-link-simple-horizontal"></span></a><span>Abstract</span></h2><p><span>We propose adding </span><code>std::views::indices(n)</code><span> to the C++ Standard Library as a range adaptor that generates a sequence of integers from </span><code>0</code><span> to </span><code>n-1</code><span>.</span></p><h2 id="Motivation" data-id="Motivation"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Motivation" title="Motivation"><span class="octicon octicon-link ph ph-link-simple-horizontal"></span></a><span>Motivation</span></h2><p><span>Currently, </span><code>iota(0, ranges::size(rng))</code><span> does not compile due to mismatched types (see point 1 in </span><a href="#Background"><span>Background</span></a><span> section). Then, users need to write a workaround like </span><code>iota(range_size_t&lt;decltype(rng)&gt;{}, ranges::size(rng))</code><span>, which is not straightforward and cumbersome. An example illustrating this issue is available at </span><ruby><a href="https://godbolt.org/z/x8nWxqE9v" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span class="godbolt"><span> </span></span><span>x8nWxqE9v</span></a><rt><span>Compiler Explorer</span></rt></ruby><span>:</span></p><table class="no-alt"><tbody>
<tr><th>
<p><span>C++23</span></p>
</th><td>

      <div class="code-block-wrapper"><div class="code-toolbar"><button class="rounded text-normal font-normal leading-normal flex bg-transparent text-text-default border border-solid border-transparent hocus:bg-element-bg-hover hocus:text-text-emphasize hover:border-element-bg-hover focus:shadow-[0_0_0_2px_#77777733] focus:border-element-border-hover disabled:bg-transparent disabled:hocus:bg-transparent disabled:hocus:border-transparent disabled:text-element-text-disabled disabled:hocus:text-element-text-disabled ui-code-block-copy-button p-[7px]" data-state="closed"><i class="inline-flex ph ph-clipboard-text" aria-hidden="true" style="width: 20px; height: 20px; font-size: 20px; line-height: 20px;"></i></button></div>
        <pre><code class="cpp hljs">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>vector <span class="token function">rng</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// auto res1 = views::iota(0, ranges::size(rng)); // does not compile</span>
<span class="token keyword">auto</span> res2 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">iota</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>range_size_t<span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">decltype</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rng<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> ranges<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">size</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rng<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"{}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> res2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]</span>
</code></pre>
      </div>
      
</td></tr><tr><th>
<p><mark><span>P3060</span></mark></p>
</th>
<td>

      <div class="code-block-wrapper"><div class="code-toolbar"><button class="rounded text-normal font-normal leading-normal flex bg-transparent text-text-default border border-solid border-transparent hocus:bg-element-bg-hover hocus:text-text-emphasize hover:border-element-bg-hover focus:shadow-[0_0_0_2px_#77777733] focus:border-element-border-hover disabled:bg-transparent disabled:hocus:bg-transparent disabled:hocus:border-transparent disabled:text-element-text-disabled disabled:hocus:text-element-text-disabled ui-code-block-copy-button p-[7px]" data-state="closed"><i class="inline-flex ph ph-clipboard-text" aria-hidden="true" style="width: 20px; height: 20px; font-size: 20px; line-height: 20px;"></i></button></div>
        <pre><code class="cpp hljs">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>vector <span class="token function">rng</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"{}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> views<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">indices</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ranges<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">size</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rng<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]</span>
</code></pre>
      </div>
      
</td></tr>
</tbody></table><p><code>std::views::indices(n)</code><span> eases this pattern by providing a straightforward method to generate integer sequences, improving readability and killing arcane code.</span></p><h2 id="Implementation-and-Usage" data-id="Implementation-and-Usage"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Implementation-and-Usage" title="Implementation-and-Usage"><span class="octicon octicon-link ph ph-link-simple-horizontal"></span></a><span>Implementation and Usage</span></h2><div class="code-block-wrapper"><div class="code-toolbar"><button class="rounded text-normal font-normal leading-normal flex bg-transparent text-text-default border border-solid border-transparent hocus:bg-element-bg-hover hocus:text-text-emphasize hover:border-element-bg-hover focus:shadow-[0_0_0_2px_#77777733] focus:border-element-border-hover disabled:bg-transparent disabled:hocus:bg-transparent disabled:hocus:border-transparent disabled:text-element-text-disabled disabled:hocus:text-element-text-disabled ui-code-block-copy-button p-[7px]" data-state="closed"><i class="inline-flex ph ph-clipboard-text" aria-hidden="true" style="width: 20px; height: 20px; font-size: 20px; line-height: 20px;"></i></button></div>
        <pre><code class="cpp hljs"><span class="token keyword">namespace</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>views <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">inline</span> <span class="token keyword">constexpr</span> <span class="token keyword">auto</span> indices <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token comment">/*is-integer-like*/</span> I<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>I n<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>views<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">iota</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>I<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> n<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
      </div><p><span>Usage:</span></p><div class="code-block-wrapper"><div class="code-toolbar"><button class="rounded text-normal font-normal leading-normal flex bg-transparent text-text-default border border-solid border-transparent hocus:bg-element-bg-hover hocus:text-text-emphasize hover:border-element-bg-hover focus:shadow-[0_0_0_2px_#77777733] focus:border-element-border-hover disabled:bg-transparent disabled:hocus:bg-transparent disabled:hocus:border-transparent disabled:text-element-text-disabled disabled:hocus:text-element-text-disabled ui-code-block-copy-button p-[7px]" data-state="closed"><i class="inline-flex ph ph-clipboard-text" aria-hidden="true" style="width: 20px; height: 20px; font-size: 20px; line-height: 20px;"></i></button></div>
        <pre><code class="cpp hljs"><span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>vector <span class="token function">rng</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"{}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> views<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">indices</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ranges<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">size</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rng<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
      </div><p><span>Implementation: </span><ruby><a href="https://godbolt.org/z/hsP97jKzv" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span class="godbolt"><span> </span></span><span>hsP97jKzv</span></a><rt><span>Compiler Explorer</span></rt></ruby></p><h2 id="Prior-Art" data-id="Prior-Art"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Prior-Art" title="Prior-Art"><span class="octicon octicon-link ph ph-link-simple-horizontal"></span></a><span>Prior Art</span></h2><p><span>Two preceding proposals have provided fundation for </span><code>std::views::indices(n)</code><span>:</span></p><ol style="padding-left: 2em;">
<li>
<p><em><span>P2214R2: A Plan for C++26 Ranges</span></em><sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn1" id="fnref1">[1]</a></sup><span> highlights the issue with </span><code>views::iota(0, r.size())</code><span> not compiling due to mismatched types. </span><code>std::ranges::views::iota</code><span> requires both arguments to be of the same type, or at least commonly comparable. This becomes problematic when comparing </span><code>int</code><span> (often 32-bit) with </span><code>std::size_t</code><span> (often 64-bit), which is usually wider on 64-bit systems. The same example from above </span><a href="#Motivation"><span>Motivation</span></a><span> section can be viewed at </span><ruby><a href="https://godbolt.org/z/x8nWxqE9v" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span class="godbolt"><span> </span></span><span>x8nWxqE9v</span></a><rt><span>Compiler Explorer</span></rt></ruby><span>.</span></p>

      <div class="code-block-wrapper"><div class="code-toolbar"><button class="rounded text-normal font-normal leading-normal flex bg-transparent text-text-default border border-solid border-transparent hocus:bg-element-bg-hover hocus:text-text-emphasize hover:border-element-bg-hover focus:shadow-[0_0_0_2px_#77777733] focus:border-element-border-hover disabled:bg-transparent disabled:hocus:bg-transparent disabled:hocus:border-transparent disabled:text-element-text-disabled disabled:hocus:text-element-text-disabled ui-code-block-copy-button p-[7px]" data-state="closed"><i class="inline-flex ph ph-clipboard-text" aria-hidden="true" style="width: 20px; height: 20px; font-size: 20px; line-height: 20px;"></i></button></div>
        <pre><code class="cpp hljs">​​​​std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>vector <span class="token function">rng</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
​​​​<span class="token keyword">auto</span> res1 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">iota</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> ranges<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">size</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rng<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// does not compile</span>
</code></pre>
      </div>
      
</li>
<li>
<p><em><span>P1894R0: Proposal of std::upto, std::indices and std::enumerate</span></em><sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn2" id="fnref2">[2]</a></sup><span> proposed an implementation (see below) that our proposal refines. Our approach offers a more consistent interface, fitting seamlessly with existing standard library.</span></p>

      <div class="code-block-wrapper"><div class="code-toolbar"><button class="rounded text-normal font-normal leading-normal flex bg-transparent text-text-default border border-solid border-transparent hocus:bg-element-bg-hover hocus:text-text-emphasize hover:border-element-bg-hover focus:shadow-[0_0_0_2px_#77777733] focus:border-element-border-hover disabled:bg-transparent disabled:hocus:bg-transparent disabled:hocus:border-transparent disabled:text-element-text-disabled disabled:hocus:text-element-text-disabled ui-code-block-copy-button p-[7px]" data-state="closed"><i class="inline-flex ph ph-clipboard-text" aria-hidden="true" style="width: 20px; height: 20px; font-size: 20px; line-height: 20px;"></i></button></div>
        <pre><code class="cpp hljs">​​​​<span class="token comment">// std::upto implementation example</span>
​​​​<span class="token comment">// P1894R0: Proposal of std::upto, std::indices and std::enumerate</span>
​​​​<span class="token keyword">namespace</span> std <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
​​​​    <span class="token keyword">template</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">typename</span> <span class="token class-name">Int</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
​​​​    <span class="token keyword">constexpr</span> <span class="token keyword">auto</span> <span class="token function">upto</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Int<span class="token operator">&amp;&amp;</span> i<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">noexcept</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
​​​​        <span class="token keyword">return</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>ranges<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>iota_view<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token function">Int</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token generic-function"><span class="token function">forward</span><span class="token generic class-name"><span class="token operator">&lt;</span>Int<span class="token operator">&gt;</span></span></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>i<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
​​​​    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
​​​​<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
      </div>
      
</li>
</ol><h2 id="Technical-Decisions" data-id="Technical-Decisions"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Technical-Decisions" title="Technical-Decisions"><span class="octicon octicon-link ph ph-link-simple-horizontal"></span></a><span>Technical Decisions</span></h2><ol style="padding-left: 2em;">
<li>
<p><span>Limiting to </span><code>is-integer-like</code><span>: </span><code>is-integer-like</code><span> allows implementation-defined types and removes bool.</span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span>Lambda-based Approach: Using a lambda is consistent with the established range adaptor patterns. Moreover, the use of </span><code>constexpr</code><span> allows for the evaluation to occur at compile-time.</span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span>Leveraging Existing </span><code>iota_view</code><span> Instead of Creating a New </span><code>indices_view</code><span>: Introducing </span><code>indices_view</code><span> would mean adding a component similar to what already exists, causing confusion and maintainability issues for users. By leveraging </span><code>iota_view</code><span>, we simplify the implementation and reuse of what the current C++ Standard Library offers. Additionally, any future optimizations to </span><code>iota_view</code><span> will automatically benefit </span><code>std::views::indices</code><span>. Therefore, by extending </span><code>iota_view</code><span>, </span><code>std::views::indices</code><span> becomes more maintainable, efficient, and simple.</span></p>
</li>
</ol><h2 id="Wording" data-id="Wording"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Wording" title="Wording"><span class="octicon octicon-link ph ph-link-simple-horizontal"></span></a><span>Wording</span></h2><p><span>Add a new parapgrah under </span><a href="https://eel.is/c++draft/range.iota.overview" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>[range.iota.overview]</span></a><span>:</span></p><blockquote>
<p><span>26.6.4.1 Overview </span><a href="https://eel.is/c++draft/range.iota.overview" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>[range.iota.overview]</span></a></p>
<p><span>The name </span><code>views::indices</code><span> denotes a customization point object (</span><a href="https://eel.is/c++draft/customization.point.object" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>[customization.point.object]</span></a><span>). Let </span><code>E</code><span> be an expression and let </span><code>T</code><span> be </span><code>remove_cvref_t&lt;decltype((E))&gt;</code><span>. If </span><code>T</code><span> does not model </span><em><code>is-integer-like</code></em><span>, </span><code>views::indices(E)</code><span> is ill-formed. Otherwise, the expression </span><code>views::indices(E)</code><span> is expression-equivalent to </span><code>views::iota(T(), E)</code><span>.</span></p>
</blockquote><h2 id="References" data-id="References"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#References" title="References"><span class="octicon octicon-link ph ph-link-simple-horizontal"></span></a><span>References</span></h2><hr class="footnotes-sep"><section class="footnotes">
<ol class="footnotes-list" style="padding-left: 2em;">
<li id="fn1" class="footnote-item"><p><span>P2214R2 </span><em><span>A Plan for C++26 Ranges.</span></em>
<a href="https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2023/p2760r0.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2023/p2760r0.html</span></a> <a href="#fnref1" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p>
</li>
<li id="fn2" class="footnote-item"><p><span>P1894R0 </span><em><span>Proposal of std::upto, std::indices and std::enumerate.</span></em>
<a href="https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2019/p1894r0.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2019/p1894r0.pdf</span></a> <a href="#fnref2" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p>
</li>
</ol>
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